ATS Management System PDF

INTRO STATE SAFETY PROGRAMME (SSP) POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN INDONESIA CURUG  OUTLINE WHAT IS SSP? WHY SSP? IMPLEMENTATION SSP COMPONENT OF SSP THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF AN SSP MANAGER  WHAT IS SSP? State Safety Programme is defined as an integrated set of regula...

INTRO STATE SAFETY PROGRAMME (SSP) POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN INDONESIA CURUG  OUTLINE WHAT IS SSP? WHY SSP? IMPLEMENTATION SSP COMPONENT OF SSP THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF AN SSP MANAGER  WHAT IS SSP? State Safety Programme is defined as an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety. The SSP can also be described as a management system for the management of safety by the State and it aims to: a) ensure the State has an effective legislative framework in place with supporting specific operating regulations; b) ensure SRM and safety assurance coordination and synergy among relevant State aviation authorities; c) support effective implementation and appropriate interaction with service providers’ SMS; d) facilitate the monitoring and measurement of the safety performance of the State’s aviation industry; and e) maintain and/or continuously improve the State’s overall safety performance.  WHAT IS SSP? Who is involved ? Who is « in charge » ? The SSP and safety at State level  WHAT IS SSP? THE STATE SAFETY PROGRAM  WHY SSP? The implementation of safety management requires State organizations such as aviation authorities to adapt their structures and function to support efficient relationships with service providers and their Safety Management System (SMS). SSP contains the elements to achieve such convergence. SMS AOCs SMS SMS Others ADRs SSP SMS SMS ATOs AMOs SMS ANSPs  IMPLEMENTATION OF AN SSP An SSP is a management system for the regulation and administration of safety by the State. The implementation of an SSP is commensurate with the size and complexity of the State’s aviation system and necessitates coordination among the authorities responsible for individual elements of civil aviation function in the State. Ch. 3 of Annex 19 present a set of consolidated SARPs on State Safety Management Responsibilities to support the streamlined implementation of an SSP; The Safety Management Manual (SMM) provides guidance on SSP; and Practical implementation examples and tools found on the Safety Management Implementation (SMI) public website  SSP COMPONENTS There are four components that form the fundamentals of an SSP. Each components is subdivided into elements that comprise the processes or activities undertaken by The State to manage safety. These element combine prescriptive and performance based approaches and support the implementation of safety management principles at any State and its regulated aviation organizations. State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources State Safety Risk Management State Safety Assurance State Safety Promotion  SSP COMPONENTS State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources 1. PRIMARY AVIATION LEGISLATION (Incl. CE-1) 2. SPESIFIC OPERATING REGULATION (Incl. CE-2) 3. STATE SYSTEM AND FUCTION (Incl. CE-3) 4. QUALIFIED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL (CE-4) 5. TECHNICAL GUIDANCE, TOOLS AND PROVISION OF SAFETY CRITICAL INFORMATION (CE-5)  SSP COMPONENTS State Safety Risk Management 1. LICENSING, CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND APPROVAL OBLIGATION (CE-6) 2. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OBLIGATIONS 3. ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION 4. HIRA 5. MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY RISK (Incl. CE-8)  SSP COMPONENTS State Safety Assurance 1. SURVEILLANCE OBLIGATION (INCL. CE-7) 2. STATE SAFETY PERFORMANCE SSP COMPONENTS State Safety Promotion 1. INTERNAL, COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINANTION OF SAFETY INFORMATION 2. EXTERNAL, COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINANTION OF SAFETY INFORMATION THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF AN SSP MANAGER You shall be aware of national exposure to safety risks and of safety responsibilities at state level You shall define the national ALOSP You shall set up an adequate SSP structure You shall include your national safety investigation Authority in the SSP You shall collect and analyse safety data You shall establish a safety plan You shall decide on and carry out safety actions (the three pillars) You shall train your staff You shall select relevant safety performance indicators You shall build win-win relations with service providers’ SMSs ATS Incident Investigation POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN INDONESIA CURUG GUIDANCE MATERIAL  ANNEX 13; AIRCRAFT INCIDENT AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION  MANUAL OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT AND INVESTIGATION PART IV – REPORTING (DOC 9756)  ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORTING ( adrep) MANUAL doc 9156  NOTIFICATION AND REPORTING OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS, INCIDENTS, OR OVERDUE AIRCRAFT AND ACCIDENT/INCIDENT INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES; CASR 830 ; OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION THE OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION IS TO ANSWER THREE QUESTION : 1. What happened ? 2. What caused the event ? 3. What must be done to prevent event recurring ?  SKILLS INVESTIGATOR SKILLS 1. INVESTIGATIVE 2. ANALYTICAL 3. REPORT WRITING SKILLS 4. INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS SKILLS  SKILLS INVESTIGATOR SKILLS 1. INVESTIGATIVE 2. ANALYTICAL 3. REPORT WRITING SKILLS 4. INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS SKILLS  SKILLS INVESTIGATOR SKILLS 1. INVESTIGATIVE 2. ANALYTICAL 3. REPORT WRITING SKILLS 4. INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS SKILLS  SKILLS INVESTIGATOR SKILLS 1. INVESTIGATIVE 2. ANALYTICAL 3. REPORT WRITING SKILLS 4. INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS SKILLS  SKILLS INVESTIGATOR SKILLS 1. Investigative 2. Analytical 3. Report writing skills 4. Interpersonal relationships skills INCIDENT INVESTIGATION PHASE 1. PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION 2. CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 3. ANALYSING THE INFORMATION AND DATA OBATAINED 4. REPORTING THE RESULT OF THE INVESTIGATION PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION 1. DECIDE WHO TO INTERVIEW 2. DECIDE WHAT INFORMATION AND AND OBTAINED 3. CHECKLIST INTERVIEW Interview Preparation 1. SUMMARISE AVAILABLE INFORMATION 2. SET OBJECTIVES AND LIST OF ESSENTIAL ISSUES 3. PLAN STRUCTURE – WORK BASE IF BASE AROUND SOME LOGICAL PATH Witness Interview 1. Sould not interview until you have reviewed all relevant information 2. Relevant legislation 3. Relevant operational/administrative documents WITNESS INTERVIEW 1. Trainning history/ requirement 2. Licensing, medical information 3. Operational log, weather report,notam 4. Audio tapes, radar data SUPPORT FOR WITNESSES 1. Witnesses Should be given the option of having support persons at the interview 2. Support persons could include colleagues Support The Interviewer Interviewer should be assisted by colleagues who knows the circumstances of the investigation who can : 1. Take notes 2. Assist with questions/documents 3. Corroborate what is said and done at interview Interview Witnesses One At A Time 1. Do not intreview witnesses in front of another witnees !!!! 2. Evidence of one might influence the evidence of another !!!!! CONFIDENTIALITY INVESTIGATION REQUIRE HIGH STANDART OF SENSITIVITY AND DISCRETION, ALL DATA ARE CONFIDENTIAL INVESTIGATOR MUST NOT 1. Interview witness in front of another witness 2. Ask leading questions 3. Cross examine witnesses 4. Disclose information sources 5. Release personal information 6. Release information outside of information release procedures 7. Speculate about causes of incident/accident 8. Include relevant comments PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION 1. INVESTIGATION STRATEGIES 2. WITNESESS 3. DOCUMENTATION 4. DATA, SUCH AS RADAR AND VOICE TAPES PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION 1. INVESTIGATION SCOPE 2. REPORTING TO MANAGEMENT 3. INVESTIGATION TIME FRAME 4. WRITE A PLAN INCIDENT INVESTIGATION PHASE 1. PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION 2. CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 3. ANALYSING THE INFORMATION AND DATA OBATAINED 4. REPORTING THE RESULT OF THE INVESTIGAT ION CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE  INTERVIEWING VS INTERROGATION INTERVIEWING INTERROGATION GATHER INFORMATION OBTAIN ACONFESSION NON ACCUSATORY ACCUSATORY INTERVIEWER SPEAK 10 % INTERVIEWER SPEAK 90 % NO THREATENING INTIMIDATING INTERVIEW INTERVIEW INTERROGATION INTERROGATION Planning The Interview 1. Identify key witness 2. Prioritise 3. Consider expertise 4. Interview individualy 5. Consider interview technique to be used PLANNING THE INTERVIEW PREPARE YOUR SELF AND YOUR TEAM FOR INTERVIEW : 1. How many interviewer 2. Decide who will manage the interview 3. Decide what information you need to gain 4. Develop topic list 5. Determine priority and order of questions 6. How will the information will be recorded ? 7. Prepare relevant materials and equipment  Stage of the interview 1. Opening the interview 2. Obtaining general account of event 3. Follow up questioning to gather detail 4. Obtaining background information 5. Closing the interview Opening the interview Opening the interview  Opening the interview 1. Use a non-threatening enviroment 2. Introduce yourself and others 3. Establish a rapport with the witness 4. Set the parameter for the interview 5. Describe your role in the investigation 6. Describe the purpose of the interview 7. Ask permission to take note and/or record the interview Gathering information 1. General account of the event 2. Follow up questioning to gather detail 3. Obtaining background information Closing the interview 1. Ensure all issues have been covered 2. Quetions from interviewee ? 3. Futher contact/follow up 4. Thank interviewe Types of interview questions Hierarchy of Questioning Techniques Unstructured free recall Open-ended questions Encouraging responses Paraphrasing Closed questions (Multiple Choice) Leading Question  Unstructured Free Recall Use at commencement of the interview Response will usually be brief, incomplete and unclear Use this process again Follow-up , non-directively, to obtain more detail Open ended Questions Used to encourage a broad-ranging, lenghty response To open-up hte discussion Explore new topics Follow up broadly Reveal frames of reference Gain’particular’ information Open-ended Question Example : Tell me again what happened after... Can you describe what you heard next? what happened then ? Can you tell me what the aircraft was doing then ? Can you describe your workload that morning ? What can you tell me about this behaviour that morning? Encouraging Responses Definition : Any verbal and non-verbal means by which the listener encourages the specker to continue talking Used to : Listen, actively Indicate ‘tracking’ ; following nd understanding Encourage further comment Indicate support or empathy Avoid influencing the direction of conversation Examples of Encouraging responses : Verbal and non-verbal : Eye contact Head nods Facial expressions Body language, attentiveness Voice tone, level Minimal speech : ‘uh-huh’ , silence Brief repetition of words paraphrasing Definition : Re –stating in summarised form Used to : Clarify what has been said Confirm perception : that yhe mesaage received was the message sent Demonstrate active listning and concern to heart accurately Example of paraphrasing You saw the aircraft bank “sharply to the left”before the nose dropped ? You’re saying he wasn’t upset about failing the check ? You said there was a flash, then a loud noise ? If understand you corectly, his behaviour was the same as usual that day? Closed question Definition : Question which require only a single word or shorrt answer Used to :  Seek detail  Check for understanding  Encourage precision in recall  Obtain factual information  Break down a complex response Closed Question Example : Exactly where were you standing ? What direction were you facing ? What speed would you say the aircraft was travelling at? What time was that ? Who did you contact first ? Leading Questions Definition : Questions which anticipate the answer Used to :  Check perception and understanding  Test reaction to a proposal  Establish agreement or disagreement Leading Questions Example ;  Would you say that he was overloaded  Would you say that he had a story of showing off his skills ?  Did you actually see that happen, or is that other people have said Loaded Questions Example of what to avoid : Was he happy and alert when you saw him that morning ? But you would never do that would you ? Was he behaving erratically at that stage ? How fats/slow was the aircraft going ? Other techniques  Ask the witness to draw the scenario  Use bullet ponts on whiteboard  Use ‘models’  Point to location / etc.  Ask what they think happpened  Perceptual constraints Event – based Person –based –Focus of attention –Noise –Stress/fear/shock –Lighting/visibility –Age –Speed –Alcohol/drugs –Proximity –Duration –Training –Size –Knowledge –Colour –Iinvoivement –Complexity –Bias –Violence –expecttions Flight 587 data collection Eyewitness testimony : summary of 349 accounts : 52% specifically reported seeing an airbone fire, mostly (22%) on the fuselage 8% specifically reported seeing an explosion 20% specifically repoerted seeing on fire at all 22% reported seeing smoke, 20 % no smoke 18% reported the aircraft was in a RH turn; 18% reported the aircraft was in a LH turn; 13% observed the aircraft “wobbling”, “dipping”, or in side to side motion Getting the best from your witness 1. Preparation 2. Timeliness 3. Location 4. Rapport 5. Status 6. Language 7. Emotional state Flight 587 data collection Eyewitness testimony : summary of 349 accounts : 57 % reported seeing “something “ separate from the airframe 13% reported seeing the RH wing, LH wing, or an undentifiedmwing separate 74 % reported seeing the aircraft descent Factor which may have influenced this ? -perception, memory,time,personality,proximilty to flight path,prior aviation knowledge,interview technique,etc Who to believe ? When confronted by variety and disparity between witness accounts, how do we determine the truth ? Go back to the physical evidence What might this include for an ATC occurence? Witnesses and their limitations Controllers Flight crew Work coalleague Family members Industry personel Military personel Members of the public A Final World No matter how experienced you are : Remember , good interviewing is not easy-we all have to work hard at it Make the time to prepare well Refresh yourself on the basic rules and techicques involved Keep and review your notes prior to commencing interview CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION 1. ARRIVING ON SITE 2. COLLECTING AND HANDLING INFORMATION 3. STATEMENTS 4. CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW 5. TECHNICAL/ ENGINEERING ASPECT 6. EXITING SITE Thank You Novy Pantaryanto.SE.MM