Atoms, Molecules, and Ions PDF

ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND Year Scientist Discovery/Contribution Democritus , Leucippus 400 All matter is made up of small (Greek B.C.E indestructible units called atoms. philosopher s) Proposed that elements...

ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND Year Scientist Discovery/Contribution Democritus , Leucippus 400 All matter is made up of small (Greek B.C.E indestructible units called atoms. philosopher s) Proposed that elements consisted of atoms that were identical and had the same mass and that 1803 John Dalton compounds were atoms from different elements combined YEAR SCIENTIST DISCOVERY/CONTRIBUTION George Stoney is best remembered in the history of science for 1874 Johnstone introducing the term Stoney “ELECTRON”. Discovered Protons during his Eugene 1886 study of canal rays or Goldstein “POSITIVE RAYS”. Discovered the “ELECTRON”. J.J He conducted a number of 1889 Thomson experiments using cathode ray tube. YEAR SCIENTIST DISCOVERY/CONTRIBUTION Suggested that an atom has Ernest densely packed center that contains all the POSITIVE 1909 Rutherfo CHARGE and nearly all the rd mass of an atom called NUCLEUS. The nucleus of an atom James contains “NEUTRONS”, 1932 Chadwic electrically neutral particles with a mass similar to that k proton.  ATOMS, MOLECULES ISOTOPES, AND ATOMIC THEORY  Law of Conservation of mass, LAW Definite Composition, and OF Multiple Proportions MATTER  The mass is neither created nor destroyed in LAW OF chemical CONSERVATION reaction OF MASS  different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same LAW OF proportion by mass. DEFINITE  if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the LAW OFother element are in ratios of small whole numbers. MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS MOLECULE  is an aggregate of at least two atoms WHAT in a definite arrangement held IS together by chemical forces. MOLECULE?  There are multiple ways to classify molecules, including KINDS by the number of atoms they contain, OF their type, and their MOLECULES biological function  Number of Biological atoms Function Diatomic Molecules Biological functions of contain two atoms molecules are also that are chemically known as bonded. Macromolecules or Polymers which consists Examples: O2, CO, of Carbohydrates, H2,N2 Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids. Polyatomic Molecules  the basic building block of all matter and chemistry WHAT. Atoms can combine with other atoms to IS AN form molecules but cannot be divided into smaller parts by ATOM? ordinary chemical NEUTRAL ATOM  When an atom has an equal number of WHAT ISelectrons and protons A NEUTRAL ATOM? REMEMBER THIS! 1. The Atomic No. (Z) of an element is equal to the number of protons and electrons for Neutral Atom 2. To get the and isotope. Mass No. (A) of an element, add the number of protons and neutrons. 3. To find the No. Of neutrons of an element, subtract the protons  REMEMBER THIS! Atomic No. (Z) = # of p = # + of e - Mass No. (A/M) = # of p + # + of n 0 # of n = Mass no. ▬ # of p 0 + 4 9 𝐵𝑒 Atomic No. = 4 Mass No = 9 Proton = 4 Electron = 4 Neutron = 5  6 C 12 Atomic No. = 6 Mass No = 12 Proton = 6 Electron = 6 Neutron = 6 COMPLETE THE TABLE… NEUTRAL ATOM ATOMIC MASS SYMB # of # of # of NUMBER NUMBER ELEMENT OL p + e - n o (Z) (M) Francium 87 223 Sc 21 45 Fe 26 30 Polonium 84 209 ISOTOPES A. B. Deuterium Hydrogen C. Tritium  Referred as atoms having the same What atomic number is an but differ in mass number. ISOTOPE?  SHORT HAND NOTATION Mass Number Ca–40 Symbo das  F-19 USES Brain of Imagin g ISOTOPES Bone Imagin g  Na-23 USES of ISOTOPES Blood  Isotopes are Isotopes are atoms of the ______ ATOMS with the same ELEMENT _______ same number with the of________, PROTON but S same ATOMIC NUMBER differ in _____________ number NEUTRON of S _ MASS but differ NUMBERin _________. COMPLETE THE TABLE… ATOMIC MASS ELEMENT # of # of # of ISOTOPES NUMBER NUMBER NAME p+ e- no (Z) (M) C-12 6 6 6 6 12 Carbon C-13 6 6 7 6 13 O-15 8 8 7 8 15 Oxygen O-16 8 8 8 8 16 COMPLETE THE TABLE… ISOTOPES ATOMIC MASS ELEMENT # of # of # of ISOTOPES NUMBER NUMBER NAME p+ e- no (Z) (M) N-14 7 Nitrogen 7 8 11 10 Neon Ne-22 10 10 IONS  an atom or molecule with a net electric WHAT IScharge due to the loss or AN ION?gain of one or  CATIO ANION  are positively-charged ions  are negatively-charged ions N (atoms or groups of atoms that have more protons than (meaning they have more electrons than protons due to electrons due to having lost having gained one or more one or more electrons). electrons)  Also known as positive ions  Also known as negative ions  Examples are  Examples are Na , H , Ca , K + + 2+ + Cl , I , OH , NO2 - - - -  6 2− 12 𝐶 NEUTRAL ATOM ION Atomic No. = 6 Atomic No. = 6 Mass No = 12 Mass No = 12 Proton = 6 Proton = 6 Electron = 6 Electron = 8 Neutron = 6 Neutron = 6 4 2+ ¿ 9 𝐵𝑒 NEUTRAL ATOM ION Atomic No. = 4 Atomic No. = 4 Mass No = 9 Mass No = 9 Proton = 4 Proton = 4 Electron = 4 Electron = 2 Neutron = 5 Neutron = 5 Determine the number of subatomic particles of the following neutral atom and ions. Fill out the table provided accordingly. ATOMI MASS SYMB C NUMBE # of # of # of CHARG NAME OL NUMB R no p+ e- E ER (Z) (M/A) Hg 2+ 1. 80 2. 3. 80 4. 2+ 5. Antimo 6. 7. 8. 9. 122 54 ny 10. Chlorin 11. 12. 13. 14. 18 18 e S 2- 15. 16. 17. 16 18. 18 19.