Assessment of Pain 27,29- Tagged PDF

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Pain Management Distracon ◦ Ambula on, visitors, deep breathing, TV, music Cutaneous smulaon ◦ Heat, Cold Relaxaon ◦ Reposi oning, medita on, yoga Imagery ◦ Focusing on pleasant thoughts Reduce s mula on in the environment Physical therapi...

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Pain Management Distracon ◦ Ambula on, visitors, deep breathing, TV, music Cutaneous smulaon ◦ Heat, Cold Relaxaon ◦ Reposi oning, medita on, yoga Imagery ◦ Focusing on pleasant thoughts Reduce s mula on in the environment Physical therapies to reduce physical pain: ex: TENS, PT, Heat/Cold Psychological therapies to help change pa ent’s percep on of pain and improve coping: ex: relaxa on, guided imagery, distrac on  Pharmacological Interventions Analgesics Co-analgesics: provide analgesia and/or enhance the e(ects of the Non-opioids: mild to moderate other medica ons intermi1ent pain ◦ An convulsants ◦ Acetaminophen, NSAIDs ◦ An anxiety Opioids: moderate to severe pain ◦ An depressants ◦ morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone ◦ An eme cs (Dilaudid), oxycon n, oxycodone 4. Medica ons can be administered: PRN (as needed), scheduled, pa ent-controlled  Pharmacological Interventions: Older Adult Many factors need to be taken into considera on ◦ Co-morbi es ◦ Use of mul ple medica ons ◦ Drug to drug interac ons ◦ May have variability in drug absorp on, metabolism, and excre on ◦ Reduced e(ect of pain medica on ◦ Ampli>ed e(ect (increased side e(ects) Medica ons to avoid or use cau ously in the older adult due to ine(ec veness or high risk for side e(ects ◦ meperidine (Demerol) ◦ ketorolac (Toradol) ◦ pentazocine (Talwin) ◦ All can cause confusion, hallucina ons, ine(ec ve