Arts Presentation by Group 1 PDF

Arts Presented To You By: Group 1  Motivation “Strength and growth come only through continuous effort and struggle.” —Napoleon Hill  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Ancient period (3900-1200 BCE) Ancient Period Some evid...

Arts Presented To You By: Group 1  Motivation “Strength and growth come only through continuous effort and struggle.” —Napoleon Hill  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Ancient period (3900-1200 BCE) Ancient Period Some evidence of the early civilization are bronze and copper statuettes and steatite seals, which show vigor and concern for surface texture as constantly characterized in Indian art.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Example: Ajanta caves 200 BCE to 1000 CE The Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India are 30 rock-cut cave monuments that date back from the 2nd century BCE to the 600 CE, including paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, as well as frescos that are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Classical Period(5-6th century The classical period of Indian art was a time of rapid cultural, scientific, and artistic advancement that lasted from approximately 300 BCE to 500 CE. It was a period of great religious devotion and spiritual reverence, and is often called the Golden Age of India.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Classical Period(5-6th century The image of Shiva transforms into a cosmic- dancer, represented by a four- armed figure holding fire, drum, reassuring gesture, and dwarf, representing the destruction of creation.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art Mogul Period Taj Mahal Moguls contributed to the enrichment of Indian culture, in painting and in architecture. The most splendid example is the Taj Majal built in 1632 by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognized architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; arches and domes further increase the aesthetic aspect. The color combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it showcases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi-precious stones make it a monument apart.  Lesson 1: Periods of Indian Art The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage." It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history.  LESSON 2: DIWALI FESTIVAL Diwali is celebrated by Hindus in India and all around the world in October or November. It is the Hindu New Year and is either a 3- day or 5-day holiday depending on where you come from.  DIWALI FESTIVAL It is a very exciting and colorful holiday, where homes are cleaned to welcome the New Year and windows are opened so that the Hindu goddess of wealth, Lakshmi, can enter. Hindus believe that she cannot enter a house which is not lit up, so every household burns special diwali clay lamps (diyas) to light the way for the goddess. This is why the holiday is also known as the 'Festival of Lights  DIWALI FESTIVAL Over the centuries, Diwali has become a national festival that's also enjoyed by non-Hindu communities. For instance, in Jainism, Diwali marks the nirvana, or spiritual awakening, of Lord Mahavira on October 15, 527 B.C.; in Sikhism, it honors the day that Guru Hargobind Ji, the Sixth Sikh Guru, was freed from imprisonment. Buddhists in India celebrate Diwali as well.  LESSON 3: most pleasing art forms Rangoli Rangoli is one of the most beautiful and of India. It comes from two words: "rang" meaning color, and "aavalli" meaning "colored creepers" or "row of colors." Rangoli is the art of making designs or patterns on the walls or the floor of the house, uses finely ground white powder along with different colors. Numerous households in the Indian subcontinent make use of rangoli designs for decorating the courtyard of their house.  Rangoli The traditional form of rangoli made use of designs and motifs based on nature, such as mangoes, creepers, flowers, swans, peacocks, etc. Even the colors in the traditional art form were extracted from natural dyes, like barks of trees, leaves, indigo plant, etc. These days, synthetic dyes have more or less replaced the natural dyes of the earlier times.  Lesson 4: Mehndi Mehndi, otherwise known as henna, is a paste associated with positive spirits and good luck. Indian Wedding tradition calls for a Mehndi ceremony to be held the night before the wedding as a way of wishing the bride good health and prosperity as she makes her journey on to marriage. The Mehndi Ceremony is organized by the Bride's family bringing together the female components of each side.  Mehndi While Mehndi is mainly for females, male relatives are invited to join in on the party that comes after the Bride has completed her henna. The core significance of applying Mehndi is to utilize its natural medicinal herbal remedies, cooling the body and relieving the Bride of any stress before her big day. Henna is applied to both the hands and the feet as a means of cooling the nerve-endings of the body, preventing the nerves from tensing Examples of Mehndi  Lesson 5: Pakistan Pre-Islamic Around the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, an advanced  urban culture developed for the Islamic first time in the region, with  large large buildings, some of which still survive today like Colonial Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, and  KotDiji which are among the pre- Islamic settlements that are Post-Colonial now tourist attractions  Pre-Islamic Period: This era encompasses the earliest artistic expressions in the region, including the sophisticated urban planning and artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization. The Gandhara period, influenced by Greek art, saw the development of Greco-Buddhist sculpture, blending Western realism with Buddhist iconography. These periods showcase indigenous traditions alongside external influences, setting the stage for later artistic developments.  Islamic Period: The arrival of Islam introduced new artistic forms like calligraphy and geometric patterns, which blended with existing Indian styles. The Mughal Empire marked the peak of this era, producing magnificent architectural works like the Badshahi Mosque and the Shalimar Gardens. Mughal miniature painting also flourished, depicting court life and historical events in intricate detail.  Colonial Period: British colonial rule brought European architectural styles like Neoclassical and Gothic to the region, often blended with existing Mughal elements in the Indo-Saracenic style. Western art techniques were also introduced through art schools, influencing painting and other art forms. This period represents the imposition of external artistic standards and a shift away from traditional forms. Post-Colonial Period: After independence, Pakistani artists sought to establish a distinct national artistic identity, drawing inspiration from both pre-Islamic and Islamic heritage. Modern and contemporary art movements emerged, encompassing a wide range of styles and mediums, including painting, sculpture, calligraphy, and new media. This period is characterized by experimentation, exploration of national themes, and engagement with global art trends. Pakistan Art Trucks Across Pakistan, brightly colored flamboyant trucks, painted with images of idealized landscapes, famous personalities, flowers, and trees, turned village lanes, city streets, and long-distance highways into a gallery without walls; a free- form, kaleidoscopic exhibition in motion. Other art of Pakistan includes painted chests and jars.