Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh PDF

 Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 1. Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The land of the Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh, has a long history of art and culture that goes back to ancient times. Uttar Pradesh, which is in the north of India...

 Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 1. Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The land of the Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh, has a long history of art and culture that goes back to ancient times. Uttar Pradesh, which is in the north of India, has been a mix of different cultures and traditions for a long time. People know the state for its beautiful handicrafts, music, dance, and literature. Over time, different cultural institutions have been set up in the state to promote and keep its artistic history alive. Uttar Pradesh is home to some of the most well-known cultural institutions in the country, like the Bhartendu Natya Academy and the Uttar Pradesh State Lalit Kala Akademi. In this article, we will look into the arts and culture of Uttar Pradesh. Readers can also download this article in PDF format to help with their Static GK preparations. Art and Craft of Uttar Pradesh Painting & Rock Painting Painting has been a part of life in Uttar Pradesh since prehistoric times. Amrita Shergill, one of India's most famous painters, was from Gorakhpur. Her work is known for its fusion of Indian and Western styles and has influenced many Indian artists. The paintings in the caves of Sonbhadra and Chitrakoot show images depicting hunting, war, festivals, dances, animals, as well as romantic life. The Mughal Era was UP's best time for painting. During Jahangir's time in power, painting was at its finest. The Mughal style of painting is still one of the best things to come out of Asian culture. Its ideas, presentation, and style are all unique. When the King of Orchha rebuilt the temple of Keshav Dev in Mathura, the art of painting reached its pinnacle in the Bundelkhand region. Lord Krishna lived in Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan, and Govardhan. The paintings of these places show scenes from his life. The Garhwal School of Painting is recognised as one of the most important pre-modern painting traditions in the state of Uttar Pradesh. This school received support from the Kings of Garhwal. Crafts Chikankari, which is traditional hand embroidery, is one of the most significant creations of Uttar Pradesh. Most of this kind of craftsmanship is done in Lucknow. It is done on chiffon, muslin, organza, organdie, and silk, among other fabrics. Zardozi embroidery is another kind of embroidery that is done in three dimensions and is very unique. Varanasi's Zari works are known all over the world. A lot of pottery and beautiful metal goods are also made in Uttar Pradesh on a large scale. 1|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The art of making carpets is also a big part of the culture of Uttar Pradesh. Ninety percent of all carpets in the country are made in this state. Most of the places in the state that make carpets are located around the Mirzapur, Khamaria, and Bhadohi districts of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is a state in India that is renowned for its production of metalware, including brass and copper. Art metalwork is particularly popular in Moradabad, where skilled artisans create intricate engravings and colored enameling. Pottery is also a significant craft in Uttar Pradesh, with Khurja, Chunar, and Rampur being known for glazed pottery with blue and green patterns. Terracotta is another form of pottery that is popular in Gorakhpur, where artisans create clay figures of animals and ornately decorated terracotta horses. Lucknow is known for its exquisite jewelry and enamel work, with silverware featuring patterns of hunting scenes, snakes, and roses being particularly popular. The city also has a long history of producing fragrances, with delicate and lasting attars or perfumes being made from various aromatic herbs, spices, sandal oil, musk, and the essence of flowers and leaves. Dances and Music of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh, a land with rich culture and tradition, is known for its diverse performing arts. From classical dance forms to folk music, the state has a plethora of performing arts that reflect its vibrant culture. One of the most famous dance forms of Uttar Pradesh is Kathak, which originated from the court of the Mughal emperors in Lucknow. It is a dance form that involves intricate footwork, hand gestures, and expressions. Apart from classical dance forms, Uttar Pradesh is also known for its folk dances. Some of the popular folk dances of the state are Charkula Dance, Nautanki, and Ramlila. Charkula Dance is performed by women who balance a decorated brass pot on their head while performing dance steps. Nautanki is a form of folk theater that combines music, dance, and drama, while Ramlila is a musical dance-drama that depicts the life of Lord Rama. Music also plays an essential role in the culture of Uttar Pradesh. The state is known for its diverse musical traditions, including Hindustani classical music, thumri, dadra, and qawwali. The city of Lucknow is famous for its classical music and the legacy of legendary musicians like Ustad Bismillah Khan, Pandit Ravi Shankar, and Pandit Birju Maharaj. Some famous artists of Uttar Pradesh include the following: 2|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Name Art Form Hometown Amrita Sher-Gil Painting Gorakhpur Birju Maharaj Kathak Dance Lucknow Ravi Shankar Musician Varanasi M.F. Husain Painting Pandharpur (now in UP) Nida Fazli Poetry Delhi (born in Lucknow) Pandit Jasraj Musician Allahabad Shobha Deepak Singh Theatre Lucknow Alok Shrivastav Theatre Varanasi Krishna Kumar Mishra Folk Music Varanasi Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt Musician Jaipur (born in Uttar Pradesh) Amitabh Bachchan Actor Allahabad Culture of Uttar Pradesh Culture is how a society lives. It includes how people treat each other, how they act, how they do things, and how they celebrate different parts of life. It also includes how people show their feelings through the visual and performing arts. The state of Uttar Pradesh is the birthplace of the epics "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata." The teachings of Buddha and Mahavira, the 24th Jain Tirthankar, were two of the most important cultural influences on Uttar Pradesh. Kashi, Ayodhya, Prayag, and Mathura, as well as the hermitages in the Himalayas, are considered to be the spiritual centers of the Brahmanical culture. Mathura has turned out to be a goldmine of ancient art such as buried Brahmanical and Buddhist art, as well as Hindu art that has survived the wear and tear of time in Kashi. Its inhabitants practice a variety of religions and hail from all corners of the country. They practice the culture and lifestyle of their indigenous communities. Some immigrants from Afghanistan, Kashmir, 3|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Bengal, Parsi regions, and Punjab are settled in this region. All religions—Christians, Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists—found freedom to practice their beliefs and pass them on generation after generation. Even though it is a secular, liberal, and progressive state, it has strong social and religious traditions and beliefs. Arts and Cultural Institutions of Uttar Pradesh The state has been the birthplace of Indian civilization and has seen the rise and fall of many dynasties, each of which had a big impact on its cultural heritage. From traditional art to modern forms of creativity, Uttar Pradesh has a rich cultural history that shows the artistic skills and creative spirit of its people. Here are some of the prominent arts and cultural institutions of Uttar Pradesh. 1. Uttar Pradesh State Lalit Kala Akademi - Established in 1962, it is an autonomous art institute in Lucknow. The institute is dedicated to promoting visual arts and crafts, conducting exhibitions, and organizing workshops and seminars. The Akademi has played a crucial role in preserving and promoting traditional art forms and has been instrumental in nurturing young talent. 2. Bhatkhande Music Institute - Established in 1926, it is a renowned music institute in Lucknow. The institute is dedicated to the promotion and preservation of Indian classical music and offers courses in vocal and instrumental music. The institute has produced several renowned musicians who have made significant contributions to the Indian music industry. 3. Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi - The Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi, was begun in 1963 as an autonomous cultural institution in Lucknow. The institute is dedicated to the promotion and preservation of music, dance, and theater in the state. The Akademi organizes festivals, workshops, and seminars to promote traditional art forms and has been instrumental in nurturing young talent. 4|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 4. Bhartendu Natya Academy - The Bhartendu Natya Academy, established in 1975, is an autonomous institute under the Department of Culture, Government of Uttar Pradesh. The academy is dedicated to promoting theater and drama and offers courses in acting, directing, and stagecraft. The academy has produced several renowned theater artists who have made significant contributions to the Indian theater industry. 5. Ayodhya Research Institute - The Ayodhya Research Institute, established in 1986, is an autonomous institution of the Department of Culture. The institute is dedicated to the promotion and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ayodhya and the surrounding region. The institute conducts research, organizes seminars and workshops, and publishes books and journals on the cultural history of the region. 6. Uttar Pradesh Jain Vidya Shodh Sansthan - The Uttar Pradesh Jain Vidya Shodh Sansthan, established in 1990, is an autonomous institution under the Department of Culture, Uttar Pradesh. The institute is dedicated to the promotion and preservation of Jainism and offers courses in Jain philosophy, history, and culture. The institute conducts research, organizes seminars and workshops, and publishes books and journals on Jainism. 7. National Institute of Kathak - The National Institute of Kathak, established in 1988-89, is an autonomous institution under the Department of Culture. The institute is dedicated to promoting and preserving the classical dance form of Kathak. The institute offers courses in Kathak, conducts research, and organizes workshops and seminars to promote the art form. We hope you got a clear understanding about the Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh with this article. To know more about other competitive exams, candidates can download our Testbook App and prepare for exams. Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh - FAQs What do the paintings in Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan and Govardhan depict? Lord Krishna lived in Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan, and Govardhan. The paintings of these places show scenes from his life. Chikankari embroidery is done of which types of fabrics? Chikankari, which is traditional hand embroidery, is done on chiffon, muslin, organza, organdie, and silk, among other fabrics. Which dance has originated from the court of Mughal emperors? One of the most famous dance forms of Uttar Pradesh is Kathak, which originated from the court of the Mughal emperors in Lucknow. 5|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh What are the popular folk dances of Uttar Pradesh? Some of the popular folk dances of the state of Uttar Pradesh are Charkula Dance, Nautanki, and Ramlila. What are the elements of a Nautanki performance? Nautanki is a form of folk theater that combines music, dance, and drama. What are the various types of music found in Uttar Pradesh? Uttar Pradesh is known for its diverse musical traditions, including Hindustani classical music, thumri, dadra, and qawwali. Who is Amrita Shergill and what is she known for? Amrita Shergill, one of India's most famous painters, was from Gorakhpur, a city in Uttar Pradesh. Her work is known for its fusion of Indian and Western styles and has influenced many Indian artists. Uttar Pradesh is the birthplace of which epics? Uttar Pradesh is the birthplace of epics "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata". When was the Uttar Pradesh State Lalit Kala Akademi established and what is its purpose? Uttar Pradesh State Lalit Kala Akademi was established in 1962. The institute is dedicated to promoting visual arts and crafts. The Akademi has played a crucial role in preserving and promoting traditional art forms and has been instrumental in nurturing young talent. What is the objective of the Ayodhya research Institute? The institute is dedicated to the promotion and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ayodhya and the surrounding region. 6|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 2. Folk Song of Uttar Pradesh - Know the Different Song Forms In Uttar Pradesh, folk music is one of the oldest traditions. The folk song of Uttar Pradesh is known as Rasiya which is also known as Braj. Folk songs of Uttar Pradesh are celebrated for the divine love of Radha and Lord Krishna. Most of the folk songs of Uttar Pradesh are accompanied by drums and other instruments and are performed during festivals. The tradition of folk music can be traced back to ancient age and in Uttar Pradesh it is believed to have been established during the Gupta period. Some of the popular folk songs of UP are Sohar, Kaharwa, and Chanayni. Read more about the folk songs of Uttar Pradesh from static gk and in this article in detail. Folk Songs of Uttar Pradesh The folk traditions are one of the most culturally unique facts of social life. Just like any other region, the folk songs of Uttar Pradesh reflect the rich culture of it which is produced through art like songs. The different types of folk music found in Uttar Pradesh such as khayal, ghazals, Swang, Naqal, Marsiya, Qawwali, Raslila, Ramlila. The names of folk songs in Uttar Pradesh are: Sohar Kajri Kaharwa Nauka Jhakkad Bhajan Sohar In Uttar Pradesh, Sohar is one of the most popular forms of folk song. These songs are related to the religious culture prevalent in the areas. Sohar is generally performed during childbirth. Bhikari Thakur is usually credited with the popularization of folk songs in the Bhojpuri region. Notable names include Mahender Misir, Anjan, Sharda Sinha as well as Laxman Pathak. Harikirtan is also a very religiously associated folk song sung in Uttar Pradesh. Sohar is celebrated as a song that welcomes life and celebrates new beginnings. Notable names include Virendra Bharati and Kalpana Patwari in recent times. Sohar is predominantly sung and performed by women on the occasion of birth which is seen as an auspicious moment in the family. The importance of Sohar in the everyday lives of the people is reflected in the popularity of this tradition. Sohar is intrinsically linked with family life and is a widely practiced musical tradition practiced in Uttar Pradesh. Customs and traditions are an important part of the lives of many people in Uttar Pradesh, particularly in rural areas. Because of these, folk songs like sohar were able to become a part of the countryside cultural tradition. 7|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Chanayni Chanayni is a type of folk-dance music that is very much prevalent in most regions of Uttar Pradesh. This is a well-known form of folk music practiced in many rural areas with utmost diligence. This type of folk music usually is performed to celebrate any occasion or special moment. Folk music is often paired with folk dances so the type of songs that are sung during the Chanayni dance is called Chanayni music. Kaharwa Kaharwa is a well-known taal or system of singing style in India that originated in Uttar Pradesh. The Kaharwa taal is a famous taal with variations such as qawwali, and dhumali and is divided into 2 with 8 beats. It is a caste-based folk song that is performed by the Kahar caste. The Kaharwa is a ceremonial song sung during weddings. Folk music in Uttar Pradesh is a form of entertainment. In most of UP, families celebrate Pregnancy and childbirth through Sohar. During wedding ceremonies and other auspicious events, Chanayni and Kaharwa are performed. Folk songs are still relevant in Fatehpur, Unnao, and Kanpur. \We hope you got a clear understanding about the Major Folk Dances of Uttar Pradesh with this article. To know more about other competitive exams, candidates can download our Testbook App and prepare for exams. Folk Songs of Uttar Pradesh FAQs What is a folk song? Folk song is a song originating among the people of a country or area, passed by oral tradition from one singer or generation to the next. What are the different folk songs of UP? The different folk songs of UP are Sohar, Kaharwa, and Chanayni. What are the types of folk music in Uttar Pradesh? There are many types of folk music found in Uttar Pradesh such as khayal, ghazals, Swang, Naqal, Marsiya, Qawwali, Raslila, Ramlila. What is Sohar? Sohar is a type of folk song which is predominantly performed during childbirth. What is Kaharwa? The Kaharwa taal is a famous taal with variations such as qawwali, and dhumali. Who is credited with the popularization of folk songs in the Bhojpuri region? Bhikari Thakur is usually credited with the popularization of folk songs in the Bhojpuri region. 8|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Most of the folk music is accompanied by what? Most of these folk music are accompanied by drums. Wedding ceremonies and other auspicious events are enjoyed through which form of folk songs? Wedding ceremonies and other auspicious events are enjoyed through Chanayni and Kaharwa. When is the Kajri song sung? The Kajri song is sung in the month of Sawan. Name few areas in Uttar Pradesh where folk song is relevant. Folk music is strongly prevalent in areas like Unnao, Fatehpur, and Kanpur. 3. Fairs of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India that is known for its traditions and rich cultural history. One of the most important parts of its culture is the many fairs and festivals that are held all year long with a lot of energy and excitement. These fairs show off the state's diverse and rich culture and bring in a lot of tourists and visitors from all over the world. From the world-famous Kumbh Mela to the colorful Ram Navami Mela, many fairs and festivals are held in different parts of Uttar Pradesh. These events give a glimpse into the state's vibrant and colorful culture. Since this is a crucial topic for competitive exams readers can download this article as a PDF to help with their Static GK preparations. List of Fairs of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh is known for its diverse and rich cultural history, and one of the best ways to see this is at its fairs and festivals. There are many events that happen all year long in Uttar Pradesh, from religious fairs to cultural celebrations. Here are some of Uttar Pradesh's most well-known fairs: 1. Kumbh Mela: It is one of the largest religious gatherings in the world, attracting millions of pilgrims from all over India and from other parts of the world as well. This event takes place at the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers at Prayagraj (which was originally known 9|Page  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh as Allahabad) once every 12 years. The festival is marked by religious talks, cultural shows, and ritual baths in the river. 2. Bateshwar Mela: The Bateshwar Mela is an annual festival that takes place in the month of November at Bateshwar, which is located close to Agra. The festival's primary focus is a cattle fair, where residents of neighboring communities bring their livestock to be sold or bartered. In addition, there will be numerous cultural presentations, food stalls, and amusement attractions for youngsters at the fair. 3. Garhmukteshwar Mela:It takes place in the month of Kartik (October-November) in Hapur, which is located close to Meerut. The event is held in honor of Lord Shiva, and the primary attraction is a massive Shiva Linga that can be found on the banks of the Ganges. The fair offers a wide variety of educational and cultural programmes, in addition to rides and food booths. 4. Nauchandi Mela: The Nauchandi Mela is an annual event that takes place in Meerut during the month of April each year. The festival, which takes place on the Nauchandi Ground and is known by the same name, includes a wide variety of cultural programmes, in addition to food vendors and attractions. The history of the fair dates back to the time of the Mughal emperors, when it served as a place for cultural exchange between various communities. 5. The Deva Mela: is a well-known annual fair that takes place in Barabanki, which is located close to Lucknow, during the month of November. This celebration honors Lord Shiva and is famous for its vibrant processions, diverse cultural performances, and spectacular fireworks displays. 6. Makar Sankranti Mela: The Makar Sankranti Mela is an annual event that takes place in Farrukhabad during the month of January. The celebration is highlighted by the flying of kites, cultural activities, and the setting up of food stalls. 7. Dhai Ghat Mela: During the month of Kartik, the city of Shahjahanpur plays host to the annual Dhai Ghat Mela (October-November). The festival is held in an area of the city known as Dhai Ghat, and it includes a wide variety of cultural programmes, in addition to food shops and attractions. 8. Gola Gokarannath Mela: It is an annual fair that takes place in Lakhimpur Kheri during the month of November of each and every year. The event is held in honor of Lord Shiva and includes a wide variety of cultural programmes, in addition to rides and food stalls. 10 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 9. Bala Sundari Devi Mela: Anupshahr is the location of the annual festival known as the Bala Sundari Devi Mela, which takes place during the month of Chaitra (March-April). The Balsundari Devi temple provided inspiration for the festival's name, and the event also includes a wide variety of cultural activities, food vendors, and attractions. 10. The Kalinjar Mela: It is an annual celebration that takes place in Banda throughout the month of January each year. The Kalinjar Fort was the inspiration for the festival's name, and it highlights a wide variety of cultural activities. Following is the list of various fairs of Uttar Pradesh and where they are held: SNo. Festival Name Location 1 Kumbh Mela Prayagraj 2 Bateshwar Fair Agra 3 Garhmukteshwar Mela Hapur 4 Nauchandi Mela Meerut 5 Deva Mela Barabanki 6 Makanpur Mela Farrukhabad 7 Dhai Ghat Mela Shahjahanpur 8 Gola Gokarnath Mela Lakhimpur Kheri 9 Bal Sundari Devi Mela Anupshahr 10 Kalinger Mela Banda 11 Devi Patan Mela Balrampur 12 Lucknow Mahotsav Lucknow 13 Varanasi Tourism Fest Varanasi 14 Ganga Mahotsav Varanasi 15 Triveni Mahotsav Allahabad 11 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh 16 Holi Utsav Mathura 17 Kabir Mela Magahar (Sant Kabir Nagar) 18 Parikrama Mela Ayodhya 19 Ramayan Mela Chitrakoot 20 Kailash Mela Agra 21 Soron Mela Kasganj 22 Ayurveda Mahotsav Jhansi 23 Bitur Ganga Mahotsav Kanpur 24 Kajali Mahotsav Mahoba 25 Ramnagariya Mela Farrukhabad 26 Shravani Mela Farrukhabad 27 Shakumbhari Devi Mela Saharanpur 28 Khichdi Mela Gorakhpur 29 Govind Sagar Mela Ambedkar Nagar 30 Ram Barat Agra 31 Ram Navami Mela Ayodhya We hope this article on the Fairs of Uttar Pradesh was informative and useful for your preparations. The readers must also download the free Testbook App which will become your helping guide in the preparation for different competitive Government exams along with the best study material, quizzes, mock tests, etc. Fairs of Uttar Pradesh - FAQs Where is the Kumbh Mela held? The kumbh mela is held in PrayagRaj (originally called Allahabad) in Uttar Pradesh. Kumbh Mela takes place at the confluence of Which rivers? 12 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The Kumbh Mela event takes place at the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers at Prayagraj once every 12 years. What is the primary focus of the Bateshwar mela? The Bateshwar Mela’s primary focus is a cattle fair, where residents of neighboring communities bring their livestock to be sold or bartered. Which fair takes place in Ayodhya? The Ram Navmi Mela takes place in Ayodhya. The festival of Ram Navami is celebrated to mark the birth of Lord Rama, who is considered one of the most sacred Gods in Hinduism. What is the primary attraction of the Garhmukteshwar Mela? The primary attraction of Garhmukteshwar Mela is a massive Shiva Linga that can be found on the banks of the Ganges. The Nauchandi Mela dates back to? The history of the Nauchandi fair dates back to the time of the Mughal emperors, when it served as a place for cultural exchange between various communities. What is the main attraction of Makar Sankranti Mela? The main highlight of the Makar Sankranti Mela is the flying of kites. Who is the Kabir Mela dedicated to? The Kabir Mela, held in Maghar, is a tribute to the 15th-century poet-saint Kabir Das and attracts people from all over India. Where is the Shakumbhari Devi Mela held? The Shakumbhari Devi Mela, held in Saharanpur, is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Shakumbhari and is known for its vibrant cultural performances. Which is the most famous celebration of Mathura? Holi Utsav is the most famous celebration of Mathura and attracts people from all across the globe. 4. Major Folk Dances of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh has a rich history and is culturally diverse because of the historical presence of all kinds of traditions in this land. According to Indian mythology, Uttar Pradesh is believed to be the region where Lord Shri Ram and Krishna were born. Cities like Benaras (Varanasi) and Mathura have a historical significance of over 2000 years and are home to several art and dance forms. The dance dramas are 13 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh more often based on the mythological stories of divine characters which reflect the traditional essence. The major folk dances of Uttar Pradesh are Charkula, Raslila, Kathak, Ramlila, Khyal, Nautanki, Dadra, and Kajri Dance. Read more about the major folk dances of Uttar Pradesh in the static gk and in this article in detail. Charkula Dance The Charkula Dance is one of the most spectacular folk dances of Uttar Pradesh and is widely popular in the Braj region of western UP. It's a tough act of balance. In this form, a woman dancer performs with 108 oil lamps on her head placed on a wooden pyramid platform. The songs are primarily written to praise and revere Lord Krishna who was born in this region. This dance is performed on the third day of the Holi. It is believed that Radha was born on this day and since then Charkula dance is performed in the Braj region. Due to the placement of lighted earthen oil lamps, the movements in this dance form are swift and graceful. Khyal Dance Khyal folk dance has evolved since its origin and matured into different styles which are named either on the city where they originated or on the community or author who developed them. These styles are famous across several regions with some subtle changes which help us in differentiating them from the other. 14 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Raslila Dance The Raslila dance form has been introduced through mythological stories in Bhagavad Gita. The Raslila was the act where Lord Krishna danced and sang with the gopis on the banks of river Krishna in the Vrindavan region. This art form is particularly famous in western Uttar Pradesh and portrays the life tales of Krishna ranging from his childhood till his adolescence. 15 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The art form is colorful and glossy with graceful dance movements and facial expressions. It also captures the divine love that Gopikas from Braj (now Mathura) had for Krishna. Raslila also explores the relation of Krishna and Radha whose incorruptible love for each other is revered to this very day. The folk dance is performed by a group of people known as mandalas who roam from one place to another playing instruments like dholak, flute and singing the legends of Lord Krishna. Nautanki Dance Nautanki is a form of street play or skit that is popular in the northern side of India especially in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. It is said that before the entry of cinema in the life of the common man in India, it was the only means prevalent for entertainment. A Nautanki consists of folklore and mythological dramas blended with folk songs and dances. But, now it has taken other forms too. Kathak Dance The main genre of north Indian classical dance, developed under the Nawabs, the main theme being that of Krishna cavorting with the gopis. The performances rely on strong and energetic footwork around laikari, the intricate rhythmic compositions, accompanied by table. 16 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Kajri Dance Kajri dance is one of the most popular and well known forms of folk dance in Uttar Pradesh of India. Kajri dance is performed just before the arrival of the monsoons to express joy and happiness. We hope you got a clear understanding about the Major Folk Dances of Uttar Pradesh with this article. To know more about other competitive exams, candidates can download our Testbook App and prepare for exams. 17 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Major Folk Dances of Uttar Pradesh FAQs Which folk dance of Uttar Pradesh is based on social themes? The Raslila, danced in North India (primarily Uttar Pradesh), is based on the life of Krishna. Is Swang the folk dance of Uttar Pradesh? Yes, Swang is one of the folk dances of Uttar Pradesh. Which dance form is widely popular in the Barj region? Charkula Dance is widely popular in the Barj region. When is the Kajri dance performed? Kajri dance is performed just before the arrival of the monsoons to express joy and happiness. Which dance form is considered as street play? The Nautanki Dance form is considered as street play. Which dance form is introduced through mythological stories? The Raslila dance is introduced through mythological stories. The Raslila dance form is famous in which part of UP? The Raslila dance form is famous in Western part of UP. When is the Charkula dance performed? The Charkula dance is performed on the third day of the Holi. Which dance form portrays the life tales of Krishna ranging from his childhood till his adolescence? The Raslila dance form portrays the life tales of Krishna ranging from his childhood till his adolescence. Before cinemas, which dance form was considered as a medium of entertainment? Nautanki dance form was considered as a medium of entertainment before the coming of cinemas. 5. Main Theater Institutions of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh, as an Indian state, is rich with very ancient traditions of dance, music and performing arts. According to historical evidence, Uttar Pradesh was a major center which caters to the culture of India. The folk heritage of this state includes folk theater forms and they involve Nautanki, Ramlila, which is enacting the entire Ramayana and Raslila through a theatrical performance. Famous Theater Personalities of Uttar Pradesh enhance these folk forms by showcasing their constant involvement and creative talent. Thus Uttar Pradesh theater reflects age-old ritual theater and theater of entertainment. 18 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Theater Personalities of Uttar Pradesh perform in two categories of Indian folk theater. The religious and secular form of folk theater thrives together and mutually influences the society and the growth of theater in UP. The stalwarts of this region put forth their innovative ideas for the further development of Folk theater in Indian traditions and enriched all the attributes of a classical theater. The folk and traditional forms of theaters in Uttar Pradesh are mainly narrative and vocal. Theaters of Uttar Pradesh are mostly presented in the local language of this region or Hindi language. Singing and recitation forms the base of the theaters of this region. The Theater Personalities of Uttar Pradesh display their talent in Ramlila, Rasleela and Nautanki. The basic verse pattern of Uttar Pradesh Nautanki is divided into three parts. The importance of such theaters are represented in the three major parts: the doha which is sung free, without beat; choubola and the last one is chalti/daur or udhan which is sung at a great speed as its name signifies. The reputation and popularity of the Nautanki depends heavily on the voice and expressions of the theater artists. To know more about the crafts of Uttar Pradesh check the static GK check article in detail. List of Main Theater Institutions Of Uttar Pradesh is as follows The state of Uttar Pradesh has a variety of theaters that are dedicated to showcasing the state's varied traditions and customs. Theater has always been an integral part and characteristic of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Theaters form the essence and promote the culture of this region. Following is a list of major theater institutions of Uttar Pradesh - Bhartiya Jan Natya Sangh – Agra Sadhana Theater Arts Center – Ghaziabad Yayavar – Lucknow Nehru Bal Bhavan – Allahabad Abhinay Jyoti – Varanasi Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts - Lucknow Main Theater Institutions in Uttar Pradesh Bhartiya Jan Natya Sangh - The Bharatiya Jana Natya Sangh or the Indian People's Theater Association (IPTA) is an association of theater workers based in Kolkata. The Indian People's Theatre Association is the oldest association for theater-artists in India. IPTA was formed in 1943 during the British rule in India, the IPTA promoted themes related to the Indian freedom struggle and its goal was to bring cultural awakening among the people of India. It was named by the famous scientist - Homi Jehangir Bhabha. It is located in Agra. Sadhana Theater Arts Center - The Sadhana Sabhagaar is a Performance Art Theatre which is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Sadhana Theater Arts Center aims to advance, improve, develop and maintain performing arts in all its aspects through the presentation and organisation of public concerts and recitals. 19 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The address of Sadhana Theater Arts Center is 10/97 Sector - 3, Rajendra Nagar,Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201005. Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts - Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts or Bharatendu Natya Akademi is a theater training institute located in Lucknow, India. It is named after Bharatendu Harishchandra, the father of Hindi theater. This institute offers a two-year full-time diploma course in theater training. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Culture, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Bharatendu Natya Academy is located in Captain Manoj Pandey Chauraha, Vikas Khand Rd, Vikas Khand 1, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010 Abhinay Jyoti - Abhinay Jyoti is a performance art theater located in Varanasi. They specialise and host various dramas based on the Ramayana and the famous nautanki. They are a theater group that believes in the showcase of individual talent and supports the dreams of the upcoming theater artists. They host and conduct courses for theater in this region. Prominence of Drama of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh has a rich tradition of drama and theater and has produced eminent dramatists and theater artists. Some prominent drama forms are Ramlila, Puppetry, Nautanki, Swang, Bhagat, Swang Sapeda, Rawala etc. Gulabo Sitabo is the first Globs Puppet of the state Uttar Pradesh. Ramlila is organized in the state of Uttar Pradesh but Allahabad Style of Ramlila is the most famous for its creativity and presentation. Raslila is performed in Braj Region of the state. Kanpur and Hathras region are famous for their Nautanki. Dance forms of Uttar Pradesh are largely folk traditions expressed in theatrical forms : Ramlila is one such art form dealing with the life of Lord Rama and includes dance and theater performance Braj Raslila , which is associated with the life of the lover-God, Lord Krishna Charkula is another folk dance of the state. The dance of Charkula involves a female dancer balancing a column of lighted deepak over her head while dancing. Rasiya describes the love of Radha and Shri Krishna. Charkula and Rasiya are native arts of the Braj region of the state. We hope this article could detail you on Main Theater Institutions of Uttar Pradesh and other exam- related details. For more such informative insights on transport and communication, download the Testbook App for free now. FAQs on Main Theaters in Uttar Pradesh What does the folk heritage of Uttar Pradesh include? The folk heritage of this state includes folk theater forms and they involve Nautanki, Ramlila. What does Uttar Pradesh theater reflects? 20 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh theater reflects age-old ritual theater and theater of entertainment. What is ramlila? Ramlila which is enacting the entire Ramayana and Raslila through a theatrical performance. The theaters in Uttar Pradesh are done in which language? The theaters in Uttar Pradesh is done in the local language and Hindi. What are the three types of theatrical plays in Uttar Pradesh? The three types of theatrical are Ramlila, Raslila and Nautanki. In how many parts is Nautanki divided into? Nautanki is divided into three phrases - doha, choubola and daud. Name any 3 theater institutions in Uttar Pradesh. Bhartiya natya Bhartiya Jan Natya Sangh, Sadhana Theater Arts Center, Yayavar. Raslila is performed in which region of Uttar Pradesh? Raslila is performed in the Braj region of Uttar Pradesh. Which region is famous for Nautanki? Nautanki is performed in the kanpur and Hathras districts of Uttar Pradesh. 6. Famous Crafts of Uttar Pradesh- Legacy, Uniqueness and Crafts Uttar Pradesh being one of the oldest regions in this sub-continent and home to different cultures has various types of crafts to offer. The same legacy of art and craft has been carried by Uttar Pradesh’s people till now and that’s the reason why handicrafts of Uttar Pradesh are world known. Uttar Pradesh is famous for its unique arts and crafts that tell a beautiful tale of its rich legacy, traditions and cultural heritage. From Varanasi to Agra, each region has its own unique form of art and craft. Uttar Pradesh offers everything from different form of crafts from silken sarees to earthen pottery, weaved carpets to chikankari suits, and much more. Particular areas in Uttar Pradesh like Varanasi, Mirzapur, and Bhadohi are famous for their silk sarees, Agra and Kanpur are known for their leather items, Moradabad for their metal artifacts, and Lucknow for their chikankari embroidery. Every visitor gets tempted by the marvelous handicrafts of Uttar Pradesh. To know more about the crafts of Uttar Pradesh check the static GK check article in detail. 21 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Different Crafts of Uttar Pradesh The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh is a state that is rich in different arts and crafts. Uttar Pradesh is the home to many such unique and different crafts which makes this state one of the most culturally rich states in India. The various famous types of crafts are mentioned below. Craft Item Images Chikankari Embroidery Varanasi Brocade Sarees Stonecraft 22 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Carpet Weaving Brassware Glassware Pottery 23 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Perfumes Zardozi Embroidery Terracotta Here are Some of The Important Arts and Crafts of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh produces a large number of handicrafts made by the large number of artisans spread across the state. Various Crafts of Uttar Pradesh including earthen pottery, carpets weaving, chikankari embroidery, silk saris, zardozi embroidery etc., are the primary crafts of Uttar Pradesh. Different parts of the state produce different crafts. For example, the city of Varanasi is popular for silk saris, whereas Mirzapur produces carpets. The cities of Agra and Kanpur are famous for their leather crafts and Moradabad manufactures metal ware. Lucknow, on the other hand, produces chikankari embroidery, which is renowned all over the world. Also other crafts like pottery, glass bangles, zardosi, woodenware, textiles, stonework, jewelry, sculptures, are some of the popular crafts of Uttar Pradesh. 24 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Chikankari Embroidery The most famous of all the Handicrafts, the Chikankari embroidery of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh is very famous. This is a very delicate embroidery done on cloth with complex needles. This art can be seen in different styles like mure, lerchi, keel kangan and bakhia. The fine art of Chikankari uses the architectural motifs of Mughal themes. One can get sarees and salwar suits with chikankari work in Uttar Pradesh. The Chikankari embroidery of Uttar Pradesh is done on fabrics such as chiffon, muslin, organza, organdie, and silk. The chikankari fabric makes for comfortable as well as regal-looking clothing. Varanasi Brocade sarees Varanasi Silk, the other name of Varanasi Brocade is a famous handicraft of Uttar Pradesh. The saree is made of cotton fabric with gold and silver threads and fine silk, forming a variety of designs and patterns. Benarasi sarees have an important significance in Indian marriages. The heavy work on the fabric showcases a royal appearance. The designs on these sarees include different kinds of floral motifs that look wonderful after the finishing. Stonecraft The Stone Craft of Uttar Pradesh deserves a special mention as it is one of the most beautiful piece of arts and handicrafts of Uttar Pradesh. This stonecraft skill flourished widely, especially under the rule of the Mughals. The Taj Mahal in Agra city is the most beautiful example of stone craftsmanship in Uttar Pradesh. Some of the must-visit places to buy and see this craft of stone of Uttar Pradesh are Agra, Varanasi, and Fatehpur Sikri. Elaborate carvings, sculptures, decorative times, and other tokens serve as the most popular examples of the popular stonecraft. Carpets Weaving Adopting the skills of Persians, carpet weaving has become one of the most wonderful arts and crafts of Uttar Pradesh. The start to the most popular handicraft carpet weaving dates back to the days of Mughal rule in India. Uttar Pradesh is also called 'Carpet City'. The cities of Bhadohi, Shahjahanpur, and Mirzapur of Uttar Pradesh are the hubs for the production of carpets. Carpet weaving is a common profession for most people in the regions of Uttar Pradesh and it has become one of the greatest art and handicrafts of Uttar Pradesh. The carpets of Uttar Pradesh are designed in a number of remarkable styles and designs of flora, fauna, and other patterns. Uttar Pradesh contributes to the 90% of total carpets produced in India. Brassware Uttar Pradesh is the main production state for brass and copper articles in India. Etawah, Banaras, Sitapur are some cities of Uttar Pradesh that are famous for these types of metal artifacts. The region of Moradabad is popular in Uttar Pradesh for its metalwork, colors, and intricate engravings. There are 25 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh two types of metal engravings which are done - one on it is done on the tinned surface and is called Nakshi, while the other one is known as khudai and is done on unpolished brass coated surface with lac. The metal brassware consists of many beautiful traditional vases, Ganeshas, laughing Buddhas, stools, trays, and beautiful contemporary bowls. Art on Metal Brass Ware is one of the famous crafts of Uttar Pradesh. Various products under this category include trays, stools, vases, idols and figurines of Gods and Goddesses and other decorative pieces. Glassware Glassware is one of the most famous forms of glass art in Uttar Pradesh. The cities of Firozabad, Varanasi, and Saharanpur are renowned for different kinds of glass-oriented handicrafts in Uttar Pradesh. Molded glassware is one of the most beautiful arts and crafts of Uttar Pradesh. Some of the most fine glassware works include the colorful glass bangles, beautiful chandeliers, jewelry, decanters, cutlery sets, and small trinkets. Glass bangles are mainly produced in Firozabad of Uttar Pradesh which is why Firozabad is also known as the “city of bangles”. The world-famous glass beads are manufactured in Varanasi. Pottery The art of pottery creations in Uttar Pradesh is an age-old tradition. The history of pottery traces almost 600 years back. In Uttar Pradesh the cities of Meerut, Khurja, and Hapur are the places that are known for their skills in Pottery. Handmade pots come embellished with beautiful floral designs and patterns of vibrant colors. A unique creation of pottery is the Surahi, a vessel with a long neck. They are used in summers to keep the water cool and are also great as decoration pieces. rated into the very fabric of the culture of Uttar Pradesh. The cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Khurja, Chunar, Rampur and Nizamabad are famous for their pottery work. Pottery is a special handicraft in Uttar Pradesh formed with various forms, patterns, and colors. Perfumes The ittar of Uttar Pradesh is famous since the mughal period. Some of the famous fragrances in ittar are jasmine, Heena, rose, and khus. The roses of rose ittars are farmed in different cities of Uttar Pradesh such as Agra, Lucknow, Aligarh, Ramnagar, Gazipur, Saharanpur, and Kannauj. Uttar Pradesh is also known as the “capital of Essence” because of its Ittar handicrafts. The producers of perfume in Lucknow are masters in perfumery art. Their ittars are long-lasting fragrances that are subtle and made using various aromatic oils, herbs, sandal, musk, and fragrance of flowers and leaves. They prepare some of the best fragrances including khus, agar, keora, chameli and zafran. 26 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Zari Embroidery The oldest city of Uttar Pradesh Varanasi famous for its zari work. Traditionally, gold and silver threads are molded to create designs and patterns on sarees. The fabric on the saree bears a royal look. Zardozi embroidery is another unique art where the embroidery is done in three different dimensions. Zari works of Varanasi in Banarasi sarees are famous around the world. Terracotta Villages of the Gorakhpur district of UP make clay figurines of animals which are famous for their decorated terracotta horse. The basic form is created by placing separate pieces of mud on the wheel which are then carved. Terracotta horses are also produced by the artisans of other cities of Uttar Pradesh. We hope this article could detail you on Crafts of Uttar Pradesh and other exam-related details. For more such informative insights on transport and communication, download the Testbook App for free now. FAQs on Crafts of Uttar Pradesh Which craft is famous in Uttar Pradesh? Chikankari is the most famous craft of Uttar Pradesh. Which painting is famous in Uttar Pradesh? Meenakari earrings and meenakari paintings are particularly popular handicrafts of Uttar Pradesh. Which district of Uttar Pradesh is known for the pottery of Uttar Pradesh? Khurja pottery is traditional Indian pottery manufactured in Khurja of the Bulandshahr district in Uttar Pradesh state, India. What are the artifacts of Uttar Pradesh? Various handicrafts including earthen pottery, carpets weaving, chikankari embroidery, silk saris etc., are the primary artifacts of Uttar Pradesh. What is Chikankari fabric? The technique of creation of a chikan work is known as chikankari ( चिकनकारी ‫)چکن کاری‬. Chikan is a delicate and artfully done hand embroidery on a variety of textile fabrics like muslin, silk, chiffon, organza, net, etc. What is Banarsi of Uttar Pradesh weaving? 27 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh One of the most exquisite fabrics in India, the Banarasi is known for its fine, lustrous silk, and the silver and gold zari work in meticulous hand weaving. Which city of Uttar Pradesh is famous for pottery? Khurja city of Uttar Pradesh is Which city of UP is famous for black pottery? Black Pottery is made in the Nizamabad area of Azamgarh district from a special type of soil which is used for this craft. Which is the oldest handicraft in India? Dhokra is the oldest handicraft in India. 7. Archeological Monuments of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh has a rich cultural history that goes back hundreds of years. There are many archaeological sites all over the state that show some interesting history and artistic traditions of the area. From the famous Taj Mahal in Agra to the old temples in Varanasi, the monuments of Uttar Pradesh show the region's rich past and artistic legacy. These monuments show how talented the people who built them were as architects and artists, and these buildings continue to draw people from all over the world to see their beauty and learn about their history. As important pieces of archaeological history, these monuments are also important places for research and study. They help us learn more about the region's heritage and culture. For Static GK preparation, users can download this article as a PDF. List of Archeological Monuments of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh has been inhabited since ancient times, and it has seen the rise and fall of many empires, which have left a lot of monuments and archaeological sites. Uttar Pradesh is home to some of the most beautiful archaeological sites in the world, like the beautiful Taj Mahal and the temples of Khajuraho, which have been carefully carved out of stone. Below is list of notable monuments in Uttar Pradesh: Monuments Location https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/taj- Taj Mahal Agra mahal-b296ad6c.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Fatehpur Sikri Agra content/uploads/2023/04/fatehpur-sikri-d9cfe775.jpg 28 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/agra- Agra Fort Agra fort-0aa47a88.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Allahabad Fort Allahabad content/uploads/2023/04/allahabad_fort-ca0c5803-e1681113297807.jpg Kashi Vishwanath https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/kashi- Varanasi Temple vishwanath-temple-a93304c7.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Sarnath Varanasi content/uploads/2023/04/sarnath-stupa-8463400e.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Bateshwar Temple Agra content/uploads/2023/04/bateshwar-temple-5c59f6e9.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/jhansi- Jhansi Fort Jhansi fort-806f9ba9-e1681113619286.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/kusum- Kusum Sarovar Mathura sarovar-a9051f2f.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/bara- Bara Imambara Lucknow imambara-0f5b5398.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/rumi- Rumi Darwaza Lucknow darwaza-e8c92080.jpg Chausath Yogini https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Morena Temple content/uploads/2023/04/chausath-yogini-temple-ad3ce5bf.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Kalinjar Fort Banda content/uploads/2023/04/kalinjar-fort-5b1bb6bf.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Varanasi Ghats Varanasi content/uploads/2023/04/varanasi-ghats-fd360ea5.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/jama- Jama Masjid Agra masjid-agra-d942862e.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/akbars- Akbar's Tomb Sikandra tomb-4df8a8ab.jpg https://blogmedia.testbook.com/blog/wp- Ramnagar Fort Varanasi content/uploads/2023/04/ramnagar-fort-adea58dc.jpg 29 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The Kashi Vishwanath Temple is one of the most known and oldest temples in India. It is located in Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is thought that King Vikramaditya had built it in the 1100s. The temple is made up of a number of smaller shrines and buildings, including the main shrine where Lord Shiva's Jyotirlinga is placed. Over hundreds of years, the temple complex has been repaired and rebuilt many times. Even though the temple is many years old and has been worn down by time, It is still a beautiful creation that draws millions of worshippers and tourists each year. Fatehpur Sikri is a monument near Agra in Uttar Pradesh. It was the capital city of the Mughal Empire under the rule of Akbar in the late 1600s. The town was established between 1569 and 1571, but only 14 years later, it was vacated and abandoned because there wasn't enough water. The ruins of Fatehpur Sikri show how elegant and well-thought-out Mughal architecture and city planning were. The architecture of the city is a unique combination of Hindu, Islamic, and Persian styles. There are many palaces, mosques, and public buildings in the city. The Buland Darwaza, a huge gate that is one of the largest in the world, and the Jama Masjid, one of the most beautiful mosques in India, are two of the city's most famous buildings. The Taj Mahal, located in the city of Agra, was built in the 1600s by the Shah Jahan to honor his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. The Taj Mahal is a representation of Mughal architecture and is thought to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building is made of white marble and has carvings, calligraphy, and precious stones all over it. Other buildings, like a mosque and a guest house, are also part of the structure. Taj Mahal is a representation of India's rich cultural history and the remarkable talent and skill of the artisans and craftsmen who built it. The Agra Fort was built by Akbar and then his grandson Shah Jahan made improvements to it. Before the Mughals moved their capital to Delhi, they lived in the Agra Fort. The building is The fort made of red sandstone, and its huge walls, artful carvings, and gardens make it stand out. It is also home to several important buildings, such as the Diwan-i-Am, where the emperor used to meet with his subjects, and the Diwan-i-Khas, a hall for private audiences. Some parts of the Agra Fort offer beautiful views of the Taj Mahal. The Varanasi Ghats are a group of ancient structures along the Ganges River in Varanasi. The Ghats are a huge network of stairs, platforms, and bathing areas. The Ghats are a significant part of Hindu mythology and tradition. They are thought to be the entrance to the spiritual world. The Ghats are also known for their unique mix of architecture, combining Mughal, Rajput, and Maratha styles. The Ganga Aarti ceremony happens every day at the Dashashwamedh Ghat. The Ghats are also an important place for small shops and businesses. There are lots of shops there where you can buy things like flowers, souvenirs, and snacks. 30 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Bara Imambara is located in the Indian city of Lucknow. Asaf-ud-Daula, the fourth Nawab of Awadh, built it to help people during a famine. The Bara Imambara is a group of buildings, including a mosque, a labyrinth, and one of the largest unsupported halls in the world. The building is made out of bricks and lime. The Bhool Bhulaiya, a maze of narrow passageways that can be hard to find your way through, is one of the most interesting parts of the monument. It's a great example of how well the Mughal and Awadhi dynasties did with architecture. Allahabad Fort is a historic archaeological site in the city of Allahabad in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Akbar and his successors later added to it. The moat around the fort, which is now dry, is made of brick and sandstone. The famous Ashoka Pillar is one of the oldest and most important archaeological finds in India and can be found among several other important structures inside the fort. The famous Akshaya Vat, a holy banyan tree, thought to be more than 2,000 years old, is also inside the fort. The fort has been the site of many battles and political struggles over the centuries, making it an important part of Indian history. The Sarnath Stupa is a Buddhist site in Sarnath. It is thought that the Buddha gave his first sermon there after he became enlightened. The Stupa is a half-sphere-shaped building made of bricks and stones. It is surrounded by a large, well-kept garden. The Stupa is an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists from all over the world. It is covered with intricate carvings and sculptures. The site also has a number of other important buildings, such as the Dhamek Stupa, which is a large cylinder and one of the most important structures at Sarnath. Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, is home to the historic archaeological site Ramnagar Fort. It was built by Kashi Naresh, who was the king of Varanasi, in the 18th century. It is on the east bank of the Ganges River. The fort is made of sandstone and includes a museum, a temple, and a palace, among other buildings. The royal family of Varanasi still lives in the palace. The museum has a huge collection of artifacts, such as weapons, clothes, and manuscripts, that show the region's political and cultural history. A large clock tower, which is thought to be one of the oldest and most accurate clocks in the world, is also part of the fort. All Saints Cathedral is in the city of Allahabad. During British colonial rule in the late 1800s, the cathedral was built. It is one of the largest cathedrals in Asia. The impressive Gothic architecture of the cathedral is known for its beautiful stained-glass windows, intricate carvings, and tall tower. The inside has a memorial to the soldiers who died in World War I in addition to other memorials. All Saints Cathedral is an important part of Allahabad's religious and cultural history. It is a good example of British colonial architecture and design in India. Akbar's Tomb in Sikandra, Agra was built by Akbar's son Jahangir in the 17th century. The tomb is made of red sandstone and marble, and it is in a big, well-kept garden. There are several buildings in the tomb, 31 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh such as the main mausoleum, a mosque, and a gateway. The tombs of Akbar and his wife, Mariam-uz- Zamani, are in the main mausoleum, which is a large building with a dome. The inside of the mausoleum is filled with intricate carvings and precious stones. The mosque and gateway are also beautifully decorated, which adds to the monument's overall elegance. The Deogarh Monuments are a group of historic archaeological sites in the town of Deogarh. Several temples, palaces, and other buildings date back to the Gupta period. The main things to see at the site are the temples, which are known for their beautiful carvings and statues, many of which show scenes from Hindu mythology. The Dashavatara temple is one of the most well-known temples. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. The monolithic statue of Varaha, which shows Lord Vishnu as a boar, is another popular sight at the site. The palaces and other buildings are also impressive because of how they are built and designed. Jhansi ka Quila, which is also called Jhansi Fort, is in the Indian city of Jhansi. Raja Bir Singh Deo, who ruled the Bundela Rajput people, built the fort in the 1600s. The Maratha Empire took it over in the 1800s. The fort has a palace, a temple, and a museum, among other buildings. The palace is a great example of traditional Rajput architecture. Its walls and ceilings are covered with carvings and paintings that are very detailed. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, and Hindus from all over the world come to visit it. The museum has a huge collection of weapons, clothes, and paintings that show the history of the Bundelkhand region. The famous Rani of Jhansi, Lakshmibai, famously fought against the British forces from the fort during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. We hope this article on the Archeological Monuments of Uttar Pradesh was informative and useful for your preparations. The readers must also download the free Testbook App which will become your helping guide in the preparation for different competitive Government exams along with the best study material, quizzes, mock tests, etc. Archeological Monuments of Uttar Pradesh - FAQs Which deity is the Kashi Vishwanath temple dedicated to? The Kashi Vishwanath temple in Varanasi is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The architecture of Fatehpur Sikri is a unique combination of which styles? The architecture of the Fatehpur Sikri city is a unique combination of Hindu, Islamic, and Persian styles. Who was the Taj Mahal built for? Taj Mahal was built in the 1600s by the Shah Jahan to honor his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. The Varanasi Ghats are situated along which river? 32 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The Varanasi Ghats are a group of ancient structures along the Ganges River. Who built the Bara Imambara? Asaf-ud-Daula, the fourth Nawab of Awadh, built the Bara Imambara to help people during a famine. The famous Ashoka Pillar is found inside which fort? The famous Ashoka Pillar is one of the oldest and most important archaeological finds in India can be found inside the Allahabad Fort. What does the Sarnath Stupa look like? The Stupa is a half-sphere-shaped building made of bricks and stones. It is surrounded by a large, well- kept garden. All Saints Cathedral has a memorial for which soldiers? The All Saints Cathedral has a memorial to the soldiers who died in World War I in addition to other memorials. The Dashavatara temple is dedicated to which hindu god? The Dashavatara temple is one of the most well-known temples and is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. The monolithic statue of Varaha, which shows Lord Vishnu as a boar, is another popular sight at the site. Akhbar’s Tomb was built by? Akbar's Tomb in Sikandra, Agra was built by Akbar's son Jahangir in the 17th century. 8. Architecture of Uttar Pradesh The architecture of Uttar Pradesh portrays a variety of architectural styles of Buddhism, Hinduism, Indo- Islamic , and Indo-European. The state is also home to one of the ‘seven wonders of the world’, the Taj Mahal. The state also has multiple UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri. The architectural structures of Uttar Pradesh include Buddhist stupas, monasteries, and viharas. It also has various Hindu temples, Ghats found in ancient cities like Varanasi, Vrindavan, Mathura, and Prayagraj. Uttar Pradesh is also home to various ancient townships, palaces, forts, memorials, temples, mosques, mausoleums, and other structures. Ancient Architecture of Uttar Pradesh Indian architecture dates back to the Indian Bronze Age and up until about 800 CE. The Buddha used the Indrasala Cave for meditation, beginning a practice that would see thousands of years of religious 33 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh retreats held in caves, both natural and man-made. Several significant buildings from this era have floor plans that can be excavated, but the upper portions of the buildings have been lost. Buddhist Architecture The state of Uttar Pradesh has 6 notable Buddhist religious places. Apart from these, Kaushambi, Sankisa, Kushinagar, and Sravasti are the four other pilgrimages that are known for their glory. Most of these pilgrimages have archaeological ruins, artifacts, and pillars that date back to the time of Buddha. These sites show how the architect of that time was.Here is a list of Buddha sites in UP. The Dhamek Stupa - The Stupa is 128 feet high and 93 feet in diameter. The foundations of the Dharmarajika Stupa, another pre-Ashokan stupas, is still remaining. The Ashoka Pillar which was erected here is originally surmounted by the "Lion Capital of Asoka", and is currently displayed at the Sarnath Museum. It was broken during Turk invasions but the base still stands at its original location. The Sarnath Archaeological Museum has the famous Ashokan lion capital. It survived a 45-foot drop to the ground from the top of the Ashokan Pillar. It is also the National Emblem of India and national symbol on the Indian flag. The Sarnath museum also houses a famous and refined Buddha-image of the Buddha in Dharmachakra-posture. For Buddhists, Sarnath, also known as Isipatana, is one of the four pilgrimage sites designated by Gautama Buddha. The other three sites are Bodh Gaya, Kushinagar, and Lumina. Hindu Monuments The state of Uttar Pradesh is very important in the Hindu religion because it is believed that Lord Ram, two avatars of Vishnu and Lord Krishna were born here. Famous temples in Uttar Pradesh are the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi, Dashavatara Temple in Deogarh, and Krishna Janmabhoomi in Mathura. Dashavatara Temple The Dashavatara Temple is related to the iconic architectural temple structure which is described in the Vishnudharmottara Purana. The temple had numerous plinth panels of about 2.5 feet by 2 feet each, 34 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh with decoration related to secular life and themes of Hinduism. Sculpted panels can be seen on the terraced basement, with carved figurines of Ganga and Yamuna flanking the doorway, which are standing respectively on their vahanas: crocodile and tortoise. The panels of the stone door have carvings which show couples in different stages of intimacy and courtship. Two males standing on the facade, hold a flower and the other a garland to greet the visitor. Kashi Vishwanath Temple The main temple of Kashi Vishwanath is quadrangle in shape. It is built in the Nagara Style of temple architecture whose relevance can be found in the Northern part of India, especially Uttar Pradesh, with pious Jyotirlinga which is generally dark brown colored stone enshrined in the Sanctum, and placed on top of a silver platform. The temple is surrounded by smaller shrines of other gods. 35 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Indo-Islamic Architecture The Indian subcontinent's architecture created by and for Islamic patrons and objectives is known as Indo-Islamic architecture. Modern Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi architecture has been greatly influenced by Indo-Islamic architecture. Indo-Islamic architecture has an effect on both secular and sacred structures. Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the seven wonders of the world, was built by Emperor Shah Jahan between 1632 and 1643. It is believed to be one of the best examples of Mughal architecture, as well as represents the Indo-Islamic architecture. Mughal structures were primarily constructed of red sandstone, but Shah Jahan promoted the use of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones. The tomb of the Taj Mahal is the central focus of the entire complex. It stands on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an arch-shaped doorway topped by a large dome and finial. The most spectacular feature is the marble dome that stands on the tomb. The main finial was primarily made of gold but was replaced in the early 19th century by a copy made of gilded bronze. This feature gives an example of integration of traditional Persian and Hindu decorative elements. Oudh Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, has various other historical monuments such as Bara Imambara and Chhota Imambara. It is also home to the Oudh-period British Residents quarters. Apart from these, the following are distinct features of Lucknow architecture: Use of Fish as an auspicious and decorative motif especially on Gates The use of Chattar / Umbrella 36 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh The Baradari ( the twelve doorway pavilions) Rumi Darwaza Enclosed Baghs Vaulted halls The labyrinth Bhulbhulaiyan Taikhanas Use of Lakhauri bricks. Christianity Based Monuments Due to massive church construction across the nation during the British Raj, Indian Christian architecture has evolved into various distinct styles. The Indo-Gothic architectural style was developed as a result of adapting European architectural features to India's tropical environment. Allahabad Public Library Thornhill Mayne Memorial, established in 1864, is now known as the Allahabad public library. It is situated at Alfred Park in Prayagraj. Richard Roskell Bayne designed this remarkable building which is an example of Scottish Baronial architecture. This building was once the home of the legislative assembly in the British era when Allahabad was the capital of the United Provinces. This heritage building has sharp pillars and turrets of granite and sandstone and represents structural polychromy with arcaded cloisters and lofty towers. The commissioner of Allahabad built this structure at a cost of rupees 94,222 in those days. 37 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad Sir William Emerson designed the All Saints Cathedral in Allahabad in the year 1870, and is situated in Canning Town opposite to the Junction Railway Station. The building stands out because of the stained glass panels and convoluted work and designs on the marble altar. The Gothic style All Saints Cathedral Church is also known as ‘Patthar Girja’. 38 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Memorial Church The Kanpur Memorial Church, also known as All Souls' Cathedral, is located on Albert Lane, at the center of the Cantonment, and was built in the year 1875. The church was built in memory of Britishers who lost their lives during the Siege of Kanpur in 1857. and is an. Adoring the Lombardic Gothic style, the building is considered to be an architectural marvel even today. We hope you got a clear understanding about the architecture of Uttar Pradesh with this article. To know more about other competitive exams, candidates can download our Testbook App and prepare for exams. Architecture of Uttar Pradesh FAQs When was the Taj Mahal built? The Taj Mahal was built in 1631. Who designed the All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad? Sir William Emerson designed the All Saints Cathedral in Allahabad. In whose memory was the Kanpur Memorial Church built? The church was built in memory of Britishers who lost their lives during the Siege of Kanpur in 1857. What is the height of the Dhamek Stupa? The height of the Dhamek Stupa is 128 feet The Dashavatara Temple has its mention in? The Dashavatara Temple has its mention in Vishnudharmottara Purana. 39 | P a g e  Art and Culture of Uttar Pradesh What is the shape of the main temple of Kashi Vishwanath? The main temple of Kashi Vishwanath is quadrangle in shape. In which style is the Kashi Vishwanath temple built? It is built in the Nagara Style of temple architecture At what cost was the Allahabad Public Library built? The Allahabad Public Library was built at a cost of rupees 94,222. Name any distinct feature of Lucknow architecture. Use of Fish as an auspicious and decorative motif especially on Gates. What does Chattar mean? Chattar means Umbrella and is a distinct feature of Lucknow architecture. 40 | P a g e