Arteries of the Head & Neck PDF

Arteries of the head & neck © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados 1  Major arteries ① Common Carotid Artery - External carotid artery - Internal carotid artery anterior part...

Arteries of the head & neck © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados 1  Major arteries ① Common Carotid Artery - External carotid artery - Internal carotid artery anterior part of the circle of Willis ② Subclavian Artery - Vertebral arteries - Basilar artery posterior part of the circle of Willis © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery. Origin The left and right common carotid arteries follow the same course with the exception of their origin 1. Right: originates in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left: arises from the aortic arch in the thoracic region © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery Origin © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery Carotid sheath The cca is contained in a sheath known as the carotid sheath and encloses also the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve Carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck. It is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery Carotid sheath © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery. Course Ascends through the neck, just lateral to the trachea and esophagus, within the carotid sheath. Finally passes obliquely upward, to the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, where it divides. Gives off no branch previous to its bifurcation © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery. Course Bifurcation : upper border of the thyroid cartilage, at around the level of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4). 1. Internal carotid artery (ica) Common Carotid Artery 2. External carotid artery (eca) © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery. Bifurcation © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery Carotid sinus Dilation of the posterior aspect of the ica that contains receptors that control changes in blood pressure. Innervated by IX Carotid body Dilation at the bifurcation of the cca that contains receptors for detecting changes in blood chemistry (oxygen content). Innervated by branches from the IX and X © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Common Carotid Artery Carotid sinus. Carotid body © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  ❶ Internal Carotid Artery Overview - Terminal branch of the common carotid arteries - Supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and sends branches to the forehead and nose. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal Carotid Artery Course Runs upwards and enters the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, then curves forward and medialward to enter the skull through the foramen lacerum. Passes trough the cavernous sinus and gives off its branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Portions: Petrous : ascends in the carotid canal, curves anteromedially and then superomedially above the cartilage that fills the foramen lacerum, and enters the cranial cavity Cavernous: ascends to the posterior clinoid process. It turns anteriorly to the side of the sphenoid within the cavernous sinus and then curves up medial to the anterior clinoid process, to emerge through the dura. Cerebral: turns back below the optic nerve to run between it and the oculomotor nerve and gives off preterminal and terminal branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal Carotid Artery. Course © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Internal Carotid Artery. Course. Frontal view © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Preterminal branches Ophthalmic artery Posterior communicating artery Terminal branches Anterior cerebral artery (optic chiasm and frontal lobe) Middle cerebral artery (parietal lobe) © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Arises from the anterior part of the internal carotid as it leaves the cavernous sinus, often at the point of piercing the dura, and enters the orbit through the optic canal. The main trunk of the artery continues along the medial wall of the orbit between the superior oblique and lateral rectus, and divides into the terminal branches. Supplies the orbital content and anastomoses with the facial, maxillary and transverse facial arteries © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Preterminal branches -Central retinal artery: lies in the dural sheath of the optic nerve and supply the retina -Lacrimal artery: accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of lateral rectus, supplies and traverses the lacrimal gland, and ends in the eyelids and conjunctiva gives off the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial arteries © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Preterminal branches -Supraorbital artery: It accompanies the supraorbital nerve between the periosteum and levator palpebrae superioris, passes through the supraorbital foramen or notch, and divides into superficial and deep branches. Supplies the forehead, superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris and may also supply the mucoperiosteum in the frontal sinus. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Preterminal branches -Anterior ethmoidal artery: passes through the anterior ethmoidal canal to supply the ethmoidal and frontal air sinuses. It gives off nasal branches which descend into the nasal cavity to supply the lateral nasal wall and septum © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Preterminal branches -Posterior ethmoidal artery: runs through the posterior ethmoidal canal and supplies the posterior ethmoidal air sinuses. Entering the cranium, it gives off nasal branches which descend into the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate and anastomose with branches of the sphenopalatine artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Terminal branches -Supratrochlear artery: It leaves the orbit superomedially with the supratrochlear nerve, ascends on the forehead to supply the skin, muscles and pericranium, and anastomoses with the supraorbital artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Terminal branches -Dorsal nasal artery : emerges from the orbit and it gives a branch to the upper part of the nasolacrimal sac and then joins the terminal part of the facial artery. Another branch runs along the dorsum of the nose and supplies its outer surface © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Internal carotid artery. Ophtalmic artery. Terminal branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Vertebral Artery The vertebral arteries are derived from the subclavian arteries. They ascend through the neck in the foramina transversaria of the upper six cervical vertebrae and enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum. They converge medially as they ascend the medulla and unite to form the midline basilar artery at approximately the level of the junction between the medulla and pons. Supplies blood to the upper spinal cord, the brain stem, cerebellum and the posterior cerebral hemispheres © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Vertebral Artery Basilar artery Large median vessel formed by the union of the vertebral arteries at the mid-medullary level. Preterminal branches are cerebellar arteries and it ends by dividing into two posterior cerebral arteries behind the dorsum sellae that supply the temporal and occipital lobes © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  BRAIN SUPPLY Circulus Arteriosus (Circle of Willis) It is a large arterial anastomosis which unites the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems. It lies in the subarachnoid space and surrounds the optic chiasma and infundibulum. Anteriorly, the anterior cerebral arteries, derived from the internal carotid arteries, are linked by the small anterior communicating artery. Posteriorly, the two posterior cerebral arteries, formed by the division of the basilar artery, are joined to the ipsilateral internal carotid artery by a posterior communicating artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Internal carotid artery Vertebral arteries Basilar artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Circle of Willis © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Circle of Willis © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  ❷ External Carotid Artery Course Begins opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, passes backward behind the neck of the mandible (within the parotid gland), where it divides into the superficial temporal and internal maxillary arteries (4/5 cm. superior to the angle of the mandible) © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches ① Superior thyroid artery Arises from just below the level of the hyoid bone and distributes branches to the thyroid gland, anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the inferior thyroid arteries. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Superior thyroid artery Other branches: - The Sternocleidomastoid Branch - The Superior Laryngeal Artery: supplies the muscles, mucous membrane and glands of the larynx © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches. Superior thyroid artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches ② Lingual artery Course Arises between the superior thyroid and facial artery; it first runs to the hyoid bone, then curves downward and forward forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, it then runs forward and finally ascends as far as the tip of the tongue © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Lingual artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Lingual artery. Branches - Suprahyoid. - Dorsales linguæ. - Sublingual. - Profunda linguæ Terminal branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Lingual artery. Preterminal Branches - The Suprahyoid Artery: runs along the upper border of the hyoid bone, supplying the muscles attached to it and anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side. - The Arteriæ Dorsales Linguæ : ascends to the posterior part of the dorsum of the tongue, and supply the mucous membrane, the glossopalatine arch, the tonsil, soft palate, and epiglottis. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Lingual artery. Terminal Branches The Sublingual Artery: - Runs forward between the genioglossus and mylohyoid muscles to supply mainly the sublingual gland. - Gives branches to the mylohyoid muscle, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth, lingual gum and incisive alveolar process - Another branch courses through the mandibular gingivae to anastomose with its contralateral fellow. A single artery arises from this anastomosis and enters a small foramen (lingual foramen) on the mandible, situated in the midline on the posterior aspect of the symphysis immediately above the genial tubercles. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Lingual artery. Terminal Branches - The Arteria Profunda Linguæ (ranine artery) Runs along the under surface of the tongue, below the longitudinalis inferior muscle and above the mucous membrane near the lingual nerve © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches ③ Facial artery Passes up through to the lower border of the mandible after passing posterior and superior to the submandibular gland. Curving around the inferior border of the mandible, just anterior to the masseter, enters the face. Then, it runs upward and medially in a tortuous coursepasses along the side of the nose and ends as the angular artery at the medial corner of the eye. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Branches Cervical Branches. Facial Branches. → Ascending Palatine. Inferior Labial. Tonsillar. Superior Labial. → Glandular. Lateral Nasal. → Submental. → Angular. Muscular. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Cervical Branches - Ascending palatine artery Arises close to the pharynx. Two branches: One supplies the soft palate and the palatine glands, anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side and with the descending palatine artery of the maxillary artery. The other supplies the palatine tonsil and auditory tube, anastomosing with the tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal arteries. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Ascending palatine artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Cervical Branches - The Tonsillar Branch: Ascends along the side of the pharynx to ramify in the substance of the palatine tonsil and root of the tongue © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Cervical Branches - The Submandibular Branches supplies the submandibular gland © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Cervical Branches - The Submental Artery The submental artery is the largest of the cervical branches, given off just as that vessel leaves the submndibular gland: it runs forward upon the mylohyoid, just below the body of the mandible, and beneath the digastric muscle. Supplies the surrounding muscles and at the symphysis and divides into a superficial and a deep branch: - superficial branch: anastomoses with the inferior labial artery (facial) - deep branch: supplies the lip, and anastomoses with the inferior labial (facial) and mental arteries (inferior alveolar artery) © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Facial Branches - The Inferior Labial Artery Supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip Anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Facial Branches - The Superior Labial Artery Supplies the upper lip Gives off a septal branch that ramifies on the nasal septum and an alar branch that supplies the ala of the nose. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Facial Branches - The Lateral Nasal branch Supplies the ala and dorsum of the nose © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Muscular Branches - The Muscular Branches - on the neck: pterygoideus internus and stylohyoid - on the face: masseter and buccinator © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches Facial artery. Terminal Branch - The Angular Artery Ascends to the medial angle of the orbit. After supplying the lacrimal sac and orbicularis oculi, it ends by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Anterior branches. Facial artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches ④ Occipital artery Arises from the posterior part of the external carotid, opposite the facial artery and ends in the posterior part of the scalp. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches Occipital artery. Branches - Sternocleidomastoid artery and muscular branches Supply cervical muscles - Meningeal Branch ascends with the internal jugular vein, and enters the skull through the jugular foramen to supply the dura mater in the posterior fossa. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches Occipital artery. Branches - The Auricular Branch Supplies the auricular portion and the mastoid cells (mastoid branch) - The Descending Branch Descends on the back of the neck, to innervate the cervical muscles © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches Occipital artery. Terminal Branches → The terminal branches of the occipital artery are distributed to the back of the head anastomosing with the posterior auricular and temporal arteries. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches ⑤ Posterior auricular artery - Arises 1-2 cm. superior to the occipital artery. - Ascends, under cover of the parotid gland, to the mastoid process, where it divides into its terminal branches. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Posterior branches Posterior auricular artery. Branches - Parotyd Gland Branches - Stylomastoid Branch: supplies the tympanic cavity - Terminal Branches: - Auricular: back of the auricula - Occipital: occipitalis muscle and the scalp © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Medial branches ⑥ Ascending pharyngeal artery Ascends vertically between the internal carotid and the lateral aspect of the pharynx, to the inferior surface of the base of the skull. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Medial branches Ascending pharyngeal artery. Branches - The Pharyngeal Branches: constrictors pharyngis and stylopharyngeus - The Prevertebral Branches: prevertebral muscles - The Palatine Branch: goes down between the superior constrictor and levator veli palatini muscles sending ramifications to the soft palate and tonsil. This branch can replace the asceding palatine artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Ascending pharyngeal artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Medial branches Ascending pharyngeal artery. Terminal Branches - The Posterior Meningeal Artery: Enters the cranium through the jugular foramen to supply the dura mater. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Occipital artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Dural arterial supply © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches ⑦ Superficial Temporal Artery ⑧ Maxillary Artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados External Carotid Artery. Terminal Branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches ⑦ Superficial Temporal Artery. Course It begins in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the neck of the mandible, and crosses over the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone; about 5 cm. above this process it divides into two terminal branches, the frontal and the parietal branches Supplies the skin and muscles of the lateral part of the face and the scalp, parotid gland and TMJ © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Arteria temporal superficial. Origen y Trayecto © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Superficial Temporal Artery. Branches Small twigs to the parotid gland, to the tmj and to the masseter muscle © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Superficial Temporal Artery. Branches - The Transverse Facial Artery: Rests on the masseter and runs forward through the substance of the parotid gland between the parotid duct and the lower border of the zygomatic arch, and divides into numerous branches Supplies the parotid gland and duct, and the masseter muscle. Anastomoses with the facial, buccal and infraorbital arteries © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Superficial Temporal Artery. Branches - The Middle Temporal Branch Gives off some branches to the temporalis muscle - Zygomaticoörbital Branch Supplies the orbicularis oculi. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Superficial Temporal Artery. Terminal Branches - The Frontal Branch Runs to the forehead, supplying the muscles and pericranium - The Parietal Branch Curves upward and backward on the side of the head anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the posterior auricular and occipital arteries. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches ⑧ Maxillary Artery Origin Arises behind the neck of the mandible in the substance of the parotid gland and supplies the deep structures of the face, masticatory muscles, mandible, maxilla, teeth, palate, nose and duraSe distribuye a la mandíbula, maxilar, dientes, músculos de la masticación, paladar, nariz y la duramadre. Consists of 3 portions Mandibular Pterygoid Pterygopalatine © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Course - Mandibular portion (between the ramus of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament) lies parallel to and a little below the auriculotemporal nerve; it crosses the inferior alveolar nerve, and runs along the lower border of the lateral pterygoid muscle. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Course - Pterygoid portion passes between the two heads of the pterygoideus externus and enters the pterygopalatine fossa via the pterigomaxillary fissure - Pterygopalatine portion in associated with the sphenopalatine foramen in the pterygopalatine fossa © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Maxillary Artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches - 1) Mandibular portion Gives off two major branches (the middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries) and a number of smaller branches © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Mandibular portion Classification of maxillary artery (M) as superficial (a) and deep (b) according to lateral pterygoid (LP) (referenced from Putz & Pabst, 2001). ST, superficial temporal artery; EC, external carotid artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados maxillary artery (M); Inferior alveolar artery (IA) is given before middle meningeal artery (MM). ST, superficial temporal artery; EC, external carotid artery; IAN, inferior alveolar nerve; LN, lingual nerve; SP, sphenopalatine artery. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Mandibular portion - Middle meningeal artery to the foramen spinosum through which it enters the cranium and divides into two branches, anterior and posterior Supplies much of the dura mater and related bone marrow of the cranial cavity walls. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Occipital artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Middle meningeal artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Mandibular portion - Inferior alveolar artery Descends with the inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular foramen. It runs along the mandibular canal and divides into two branches, incisor and mental. Supplies all lower teeth, and contributes to the supply of the buccal gingivae, chin, and lower lip. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Mandibular portion - Inferior alveolar artery - Near its origin gives off a lingual branch which descends with the lingual nerve and supplies the mucous membrane of the mouth. - As the inferior alveolar artery enters the mandibular foramen, it gives off a mylohyoid branch which runs in the mylohyoid groove, and ramifies on the under surface of the mylohyoideus muscle © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Mandibular portion - Inferior alveolar artery - The incisor branch is continued forward beneath the canines and incisors as far as the middle line, where it anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side - The mental branch escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries (facial) - Alveolar and dental arteries for the teeth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Inferior alveolar artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Mandibular portion - Deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and accessory meningeal arteries Small branches that supply the external acoustic meatus, deep surface of the tympanic membrane, and cranial dura mater, respectively. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches - 2) Pterygoid portion Gives off branches which course with branches of the mandibular nerve [V3] © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygoid portion - Deep temporal arteries Supply the temporalis muscle in the temporal fossa - Pterygoid arteries : supply the pterygoid muscles. - Masseteric artery: passes through the mandibular notch to supply the masseter muscle. - Buccal artery : supplies skin, buccinator muscle, and oral mucosa of the cheek. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygoid portion © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches - 3) Pterygopalatine portion Gives origin to branches that accompany branches of the maxillary nerve [V2] and the pterygopalatine ganglion. These branches supply much of the nasal cavity, the roof of the oral cavity, and all upper teeth. In addition, they contribute to the blood supply of the sinuses, oropharynx, and floor of the orbit. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygopalatine portion - Posterior superior alveolar artery Descending upon the tuberosity of the maxilla enter the posterior alveolar canals to supply the molar and premolar teeth, gums and the lining of the maxillary sinus © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygopalatine portion - Infraorbital artery Passes forward with the infra-orbital nerve and emerges through the infra-orbital foramen to supply some parts of the face. Within the infra-orbital canal gives off the anterior superior alveolar arteries, which supply the incisor and canine teeth and the maxillary sinus. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Superior alveolar arteries © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Lateral wall of the maxillary sinus supply The posterior superior alveolar artery and the infraorbital artery make an intraosseus anastomosis inside the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus that guarantees the hematic contribution to the sinus membrane, to the periosteal tissues, and, especially, to the anterior lateral wall of the sinus. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygopalatine portion - Descending palatine artery Passes through the greater palatine foramen to supply the hard palate. Passes forward to enter the incisive foramen to supply the anterior aspect of the septal wall of the nasal cavity and to anastomose with the nasopalatine artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygopalatine portion - Descending palatine artery It gives off the lesser palatine branches, to supply the soft palate and palatine tonsil, anastomosing with the ascending palatine artery (facial) © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Branches. Pterygopalatine portion - Pharyngeal branch : It supplies the posterior aspect of the roof of the nasal cavity, the sphenoidal sinus, and the auditory tube - Artery of the Pterygoid Canal : passes backward along the pterygoid canal to supply the upper part of the pharynx and to the auditory tube, sending into the tympanic cavity a small branch © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Terminal branch - Sphenopalatine artery Passes through the sphenopalatine foramen giving off a) posterior lateral nasal arteries supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  External Carotid Artery. Terminal branches Maxillary Artery. Terminal branch - Sphenopalatine artery b) posterior septal branches: supply the nasal septum The nasopalatine branch descends along the nasopalatine groove (on the vomer) to the incisive canal, exits through the incisive foramen and anastomoses with the descending palatine artery. Supplies tha anterior part of the hard palate © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados  Sphenopalatine artery © Copyright Universidad Europea. Todos los derechos reservados