Major Blood Vessels in the Neck & Lymphatic Drainage of Head and Neck PDF

MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS IN THE NECK & LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences ANATOMY UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS ARTERIES: ORIGIN  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY Runs with IJV + vagus nerve in carotid sheath Divi...

MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS IN THE NECK & LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences ANATOMY UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS ARTERIES: ORIGIN  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY Runs with IJV + vagus nerve in carotid sheath Divided into internal & external carotid arteries INTERNAL CAROTID Arises from CCA at superior border of thyroid cartilage Has no branches in neck Enters skull; becomes main artery of brain & orbit  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY EXTERNAL CAROTID Supplies structures external to skull Each artery runs between the neck of the mandible & lobule of auricle  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY CAROTID SINUS dilatation of proximal part of ICA contains receptors sensitive to changes in BP  COMMON CAROTID ARTERY CAROTID BODY small mass of tissue located at bifurcation of CCA chemoreceptor; responds to changes in chemical composition of blood  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY BRANCHES EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY SUPERIOR THYROID A. most inferior of all branches runs deep to infrahyoid muscles to reach thyroid branches to thyroid gland, SCM, infrahyoid muscles gives rise to superior laryngeal a.-supplies larynx  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL A. ascends on pharynx deep to ICA sends branches to pharynx, prevertebral muscles, middle ear, cranial meninges  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY LINGUAL A. passes deep to hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric muscles passes deep to hyoglossus muscle where it becomes deep lingual a.  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY FACIAL A. gives off tonsillar branch, branches to palate & submandibular gland passes under digastric, stylohyoid muscles & angle of mandible loops anteriorly, enters deep groove in submandibular gland hooks around inferior border of mandible, enters face  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY OCCIPITAL A. passes along inferior border of posterior belly of digastric ends in posterior part of scalp  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY POSTERIOR AURICULAR A. ascends posterior to external acoustic meatus supplies adjacent muscles, parotid gland, facial nerve, structures in temporal bone, auricle, scalp  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY MAXILLARY A. Terminal br. Arises posterior to neck of mandible & deep to its condyle Passes deep to lateral pterygoid muscle-enters infra-temporal fossa Divided into 3 parts - 1st:supplies tympanic membrane, dura, mandibular teeth - 2nd: muscles of mastication - 3rd: maxillary teeth, face, orbit, palate, nasal cavity  EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL A. Terminal br. Emerges on face between TMJ & ear Ends in scalp by dividing into frontal & parietal branches Gives off transverse facial a. within parotid gland Supplies parotid gland, duct, masseter muscle, skin of face  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK Veins of neck, which return blood from head & face are: External Jugular Anterior Jugular Posterior External Jugular Internal Jugular Vertebral VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK EXTERNAL JUGULAR V. Receives greater part of blood from exterior of cranium & deep parts of face. Formed by junction of posterior division of retromandibular with posterior auricular vein Begins in substance of parotid gland Crosses sternocleidomastoid obliquely; perforates deep fascia, ends in subclavian vein Tributaries Posterior external jugular Anterior jugular veins Suprascapular Transverse cervical VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK POSTERIOR EXTERNAL JUGULAR V. Begins in occipital region Returns blood from skin & superficial muscles in upper & back part of neck Runs down back part of neck Opens into external jugular vein just below middle of its course  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK ANTERIOR JUGULAR V. Begins near hyoid bone by confluence of several superficial veins from submaxillary region Descends between median line & anterior border of SCM Opens into termination of external jugular or subclavian vein Tributaries Laryngeal veins Thyroid vein Two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk – venous jugular arch (receive tributaries from inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with IJV) VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK INTERNAL JUGULAR V. Collects blood from brain from superficial parts of face & neck Begins in posterior compartment of jugular foramen at base of skull Runs down side of neck in a vertical direction Tributaries Inferior petrosal sinus Common facial Lingual Pharyngeal Superior & middle thyroid veins VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK VERTEBRAL V. Formed in sub-occipital triangle from numerous small tributaries which spring from internal vertebral venous plexuses Tributaries Vertebral vein communicates with transverse sinus by a vein which passes through the condyloid canal Occipital vein Internal & external vertebral venous plexuses Anterior vertebral & deep cervical veins  VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE NECK ANTERIOR VERTEBRAL V. Commences in a plexus around transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae Descends with ascending cervical artery between scalenus anterior, longus capitis muscles Opens into terminal part of vertebral vein  LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK Divided into superficial ring of lymph nodes, & a vertical group of deep lymph nodes SUPERFICIAL LYMPH NODES DEEP LYMPH NODES Occipital ÷ into superior & inferior deep cervical Mastoid Incl. - prelaryngeal Pre-auricular - pretracheal Parotid - paratracheal Submental - retropharyngeal Submandibular - infrahyoid Facial - jugulodigastric (tonsilar) Superficial Cervical - jugulo-omohyoid - supraclavicular nodes LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK