Art Exam Notes PDF

Art Exam Notes Elements and Principles of Art Elements: (Spaceships Flying Through Space Look Very Cool) Principles: (BRUCE PM) Line Emphasis Shape Rhythm Color...

Art Exam Notes Elements and Principles of Art Elements: (Spaceships Flying Through Space Look Very Cool) Principles: (BRUCE PM) Line Emphasis Shape Rhythm Color Pattern Texture Contrast Form Unity Value Balance Space Movement Line: - Vertical - Horizontal - Diagonal - Zigzag - Curved Line Weight: Width of a line – very thin to very thick Contour Line: Line that moves around an object & describes the edge Cross-Contour Line: Line that moves across an object to describe the shape and form (Refer to GC for clarification) Shape: Two Types of Shapes: Geometric: Shapes made out of points and lines including the triangle, square and circle – a.k.a Regular Shapes Organic: Shapes that are curved and flowing and can seem unpredictable – a.k.a. Irregular Shapes Color: Three Properties of Color: Hue: The color itself – the color name – ex: red, blue green Value: The lightness or darkness of any color Intensity: The brightness or dullness of any color Texture: Two Types of Texture: Actual Texture: Physical texture – the actual physical surface of an object – tactile experience Visual Texture: Implied sense of texture created with line, shading and color Form: Definition of Form: 3D and enclosed space. A form has length, width AND depth 3-Dimensional Forms: Can be viewed from all sides and exists in actual space (3D Artwork – Sculpture) Illusion Forms: Adjusting values in an object will results in the illusion of form in a 2D artwork Value: Definition of Value: Lightness or darkness of a color (or neutral) – light creates value changes in a form Value Scale: Variations of a color (or neutral) in a gradient from light to dark *** Value takes a Shape and turns it into a Form*** Space: Definition of Space: Areas around, between and within a composition (piece of art) Two Types of Space: Positive Space: Subject or areas of interest in a composition Negative Space: Areas around and between the areas of interest in a composition Principle Definitions Principles of Design Drawing Colour Wheel Colour Harmonies Element of Colour Primary Secondary Tertiary (Primary + Secondary) Monochromatic Analogous Complementary Split-Complementary Warm Cool Triadic Tetradic Square Shading Methods The Basics of Drawing Hatching Cross Hatching Scribbling Pointillism/Stippling Drawing Basics The Basics of Drawing Contouring Cross Contouring Patterns Drawing Tools/Vocab Kneaded Eraser Blending Stomp Pencil Grades (2H, 2B, F, etc) B = Blackness (darker) H = Hardness (lighter) F = Firm Cast Shadow STEPS TO CREATE A SIMPLE CAST SHADOW 1. Locate the light source. 2. Draw lines from the light source past each side of the object. 3. Draw a shadow in a similar shape as the object that touches both lines you drew. The closer the light source is the bigger the shadow will be Angle When the light source is at a low angle, or side on, the shadow is longer. When the light source is at a higher angle, or overhead, the shadow is shorter Contour Drawing Drawing the outline of something with just lines Contour Line: The line edge or boundary that shows us the shape of something; a solid line; sometime continuous.​ ​ Blind Contour: Drawing a contour line, but observing the subject very carefully by looking ONLY at the object and not looking at your drawing until you are done. Modified Blind Contour: Peeking at your paper a few times to orient your line placement. Crossed Contour: Gesture Drawing A gesture drawing is a laying in of the action, form, and pose of a model/figure. Drawing poses in a little amount of time (10 seconds-5 minutes) One Point Perspective Perspective 1 point ​ the vanishing point ​ the horizon line ​ the frontal planes. Coloured Pencil Techniques Coloured Pencil Techniques -​ Pressure -​ Layering -​ Pencil Angle & Where you hold it -​ Sharpness of Pencil -​ Circling Technique -​ Burnishing Technique Sculpture 3D work of Art History of Sculpture Earliest sculptures were made with: clay, stone, ivory (naturally occurring materials) By 3000 BCE sculptures were being made with bronze Sculpture was usually associated with religion Middle Eastern region of Mesopotamia sculptures were used in temples In ancient Greece sculpture reached its high point in the 400s BCE to show humans and gods in their most perfect forms 200 CE the new religion of Christianity began inspiring artists to create works that reflected Christian figures and events. Styles of Sculpture In the Round (Freestanding) A sculpture that is fully formed Meant to be seen on all sides Relief Sculpture that comes out from a flat surface Meant to be seen from one side Sculptural Composition Closed Composition A solid opaque mass (Not really any open areas, closed off, not transparent) Open Composition Transparent like Fluid Negative space is important for closed compositions Abstract Sculpture Taking a subject and changing it Not easily recognizable Looks “basic?” Representational Sculpture Literally depicting something Easily recognizable Sculptural Process Armature Framework or Skeleton (works as a guide, or as a base) Ex. Wire, metal pipes, wood, newspaper, or cardboard Carving A subtracting process (removing any excess material, or removing to create something) Ex. wood, stone, plaster, marble Casting Liquid material in a mold to solidify and take shape of that mold Ex. metals, plaster, wax, plastics Modelling Materials molded by hand or using tools Ex. clay, paper Assembling Also known as constructing Process of putting pieces together Fastened or Adhered together Ex. metals, cardboard, fibres Acrylic Paint Made by mixing pigment in liquid plastic Dry darker Flexible & Rubbery Dried acrylic is Waterproof Brushes Use long brushes with synthetic bristles Made with stiff bristles Printmaking 4 main types of printmaking Relief Print Stamp on paper Relief prints are basically stamps (larger) Carve away areas you don’t want printed A simple black & white graphic image Aim for 50% black 50% white (positive & negative space) Tools Brayer Block Printing Ink Carving Knife Baren Linoleum Sheet Printmaking Vocab 1. Printmaking: the process of making artwork by printing on paper. It is possible to produce multiple copies of the same image. 2. Print: a picture or design printed from a block or plate. Also known as an impression. Works printed from a single block create an edition. 3. Linocut: a design or form carved in relief on a block of linoleum. A design is cut into the linoleum surface with a sharp cutter, with the raised (uncarved) areas representing a reversal (mirror image) of the parts to show printed. The Linocut is called a matrix and is the negative of your design and the print/impression will be the positive. 4. Relief print: ink goes on top of the surface of the linocut. 5. Gouge/Carving tool: tool used for carving into the block. 6. Plexiglas: used for rolling out the ink before it is applied on the matrix using a brayer. 7. Baren: is used when transferring images onto paper. Its smooth flat surface is perfect for applying even pressure - which enables you to uniformly transfer images onto paper. 8. Brayer: roller used for inking the block. 9. Artist Proof: usually a first print created by an artist as an experiment or test of the block before an edition is printed or if changes need to be made to the block. 10. Edition: the total number of prints approved by the artist for distribution. They are usually numbered to show the size of the edition. For example a print numbered 15/40 is number 15 out of a total edition of 40 prints. 11. Matrix: the surface that is carved into and where the ink is placed for printing. It can also be known as a “plate” or a “block” depending on the type of material being carved into. 12. Registration guides: visual guides on the bed of the printing press that help an artist know exactly where to place the inked matrix and paper. These can also be created on loose sheets of paper when printing without a printing press. 13. Burnishing: the consistent and even application of pressure in order to transfer an image. This process is used when a printing press is not available. 14. Reduction print: a multicolor print in which the separate colors are printed from the same matrix at different stages through layering and continuous carving of the matrix. Art History Introduction to Art History The study of art from across the world, and from the ancient to the present day – covers virtually every aspect of human history and experience. This is because it looks at works of art not just as objects, but as a way of understanding the world, and the societies in which they were created. Egyptian Art Greek Art Greek Architecture Roman Art Roman Architecture Group of Seven Canadian Artists Painted Canadian landscapes 7 members ​ Artists that painted places in Canada ​ Wanted to develop an artistic style they could call “Canadian” ​ There were 7 members! Members* Franklin Carmicheal Lawren Harris A.Y Jackson Frederick H. Varley Frank H. Johnston Arthur Limser J.E.H Macdonald (Not Members) Tom Thomson Emily Car Art Critique Describe Analyze Interpret Judge Describe What is the credit line information? What is happening in this work? How is it composed? Is it an abstract work or is the message and subject matter clear? Art Criticism Explained slides 3-6 im too lazy to write everything Watercolour Stretch your paper onto a flat surface (avoid wrinkles/your paper from folding) Do a layer of water and dry it with a hair dryer ​ Watercolour painting is an art form that has existed for centuries ​ Watercolour paints are known for their vibrant colours because there is very little extra material added to the colour pigment when compared to other types of paint. Watercolour Techniques Watercolour Techniques part 2 Watercolour Techniques Part 1 Flat Wash Wet on Dry Wet on Wet Flat Brush Salt Rubbing Alcohol Lifting Paint Glazing