Art Exam Notes - Elements and Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of burnishing in printmaking?

  • To transfer an image through pressure (correct)
  • To analyze artwork
  • To carve the printing matrix
  • To create a multicolor print

The Group of Seven was a collective of only six Canadian artists.

False (B)

What are the four steps involved in art critique?

Describe, Analyze, Interpret, Judge

The Group of Seven is known for painting Canadian ______.

<p>landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the watercolour painting techniques with their descriptions:

<p>Flat Wash = Even application of pigment over a large area Wet on Dry = Applying wet paint onto dry paper Wet on Wet = Applying wet paint onto wet paper Glazing = Layering transparent washes of color</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is primarily used for rolling out ink before it is applied to the matrix?

<p>Brayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A relief print is made by carving away areas you want to be printed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'Artist Proof' in printmaking?

<p>It is a first print created as an experiment or test of the block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of making artwork by printing on paper is called __________.

<p>printmaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the tools with their usage in printmaking:

<p>Brayer = Used for inking the block Baren = Transfers images onto paper Gouge = Carves into the block Plexiglas = Rolls out the ink</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a linocut?

<p>A design cut into a soft block of linoleum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Registration guides are used to ensure accurate placement of the inked matrix and paper in printing.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the negative of your design in printmaking.

<p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in colored pencil drawing?

<p>Carving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sculpture in the round is meant to be viewed from only one side.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of color?

<p>Line Weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organic shapes are considered regular shapes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary materials were used in the earliest sculptures?

<p>clay, stone, ivory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ technique involves layering colored pencil to achieve a desired color saturation.

<p>burnishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of form in art?

<p>3D and enclosed space</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a line that describes the edge of an object.

<p>contour line</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of sculpture to its description:

<p>In the Round = A fully formed sculpture meant to be viewed from all sides Relief = A sculpture that comes out from a flat surface Abstract = Sculpture that is not easily recognizable Representational = Literally depicting recognizable subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of texture with their descriptions:

<p>Actual Texture = Physical surface of an object Visual Texture = Implied sense of texture created with line and shading</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves removing excess material from a medium?

<p>Carving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Middle Eastern region of Mesopotamia primarily used sculptures for decorative purposes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an armature used for in sculpture?

<p>Framework or skeleton that serves as a guide or base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive space refers to the areas around a subject in a composition.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a value scale?

<p>To show variations of a color from light to dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ___ drawing captures the essential gesture and pose of the model.

<p>gesture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of shading method?

<p>Contour drawing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the shading methods with their descriptions:

<p>Hatching = Drawing parallel lines to create shade Cross Hatching = Overlaying lines to intensify shadow Scribbling = Random lines to indicate texture Pointillism = Using dots to create an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pencil grade indicates the darkest mark?

<p>2B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contour lines are solid and continuous lines that define the shape of an object.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Line Weight

The way a line's thickness varies, from thin to thick. It can add emphasis or create shape.

Contour Lines

Lines that describe the outer edge of an object. They create outlines.

Cross-Contour Lines

Lines that move across the surface of an object, showing its shape and form. They are similar to contour lines.

Geometric Shape

A shape that is regular and predictable, like a triangle, square, or circle.

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Organic Shape

A shape that is curved, flowing, and can seem unpredictable, like a leaf or a cloud.

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One-Point Perspective

A type of perspective where all parallel lines appear to converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line.

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Perspective

A technique used in drawing and painting to create the illusion of depth and distance on a flat surface.

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In the Round (Freestanding)

A sculptural form that is fully three-dimensional and can be viewed from all sides.

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Relief Sculpture

A sculptural form that projects from a flat surface, creating a raised image.

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Modeling

A sculptural process where material is added to create a form.

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Carving

A sculptural process where material is removed to create a form.

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Casting

A sculptural process where liquid material is poured into a mold to solidify and take shape.

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Assembling (Constructing)

A sculptural process where multiple pieces are joined together to form a larger piece.

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Value

The lightness or darkness of a color or neutral tone. It's how much light or shadow a surface reflects.

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Value Scale

A range of variations within a single color or neutral tone, progressing from light to dark.

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Space

The areas surrounding, between, and within a composition (artwork). It's the space that holds the subject.

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Positive Space

The subject or areas of interest in a composition. It's what draws the viewer's attention.

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Negative Space

The areas surrounding and between the areas of interest in a composition. It's the background or empty areas.

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Blind Contour

A type of contour drawing where you focus ONLY on the subject, not looking at your drawing until you are done.

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Gesture Drawing

A quick sketch capturing the action, form, and pose of a model or figure. It's about showing movement.

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What is a reduction print?

A printing technique that uses a single matrix (like a woodblock) to create a multicoloured print. Each colour is applied to the matrix separately, with parts of the matrix being carved away between each colour application.

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What is burnishing?

A technique used to transfer an image to a surface without a printing press. It involves applying consistent and even pressure to the image to create a transfer.

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Who were the Group of Seven?

A group of seven Canadian artists who aimed to develop an artistic style that was distinctly Canadian. They focused on painting the landscapes of Canada.

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What is glazing in watercolour?

A type of watercolour technique that involves applying a thin, translucent layer of paint to the surface. The layer is allowed to dry before applying another layer.

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What is wet-on-wet in watercolour?

A type of watercolour technique where paint is applied to a wet surface. This creates a soft, blended effect.

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Printmaking

The process of creating artwork by printing on paper, allowing for multiple copies of the same image.

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Print

A picture or design printed from a block or plate, also known as an impression. Prints from the same block form an edition.

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Linocut

A design carved in relief on a block of linoleum, where the raised (uncarved) areas represent a mirror image of the design to be printed. The linocut is the matrix, the negative of your design, and the print is the positive.

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Relief Print

A type of print where ink is applied to the raised surface of a block or plate, creating an image when pressed onto paper.

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Gouge/Carving Tool

A tool used for carving into the linoleum block, shaping the design for the print.

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Baren

A smooth flat surface used for applying even pressure to transfer the image from the inked matrix onto paper when printmaking.

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Brayer

A roller used to spread ink evenly over the surface of the linoleum block or plate, preparing it for printing.

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Artist Proof

Usually the first print made by an artist to test the block before creating an edition. It's a trial run, allowing for adjustments to the design.

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Study Notes

Art Exam Notes - Elements and Principles

  • Elements: Spaceships Flying Through Space Look Very Cool (Line, Shape, Color, Texture, Form, Value, Space)
  • Principles: BRUCE PM (Emphasis, Rhythm, Pattern, Contrast, Unity, Balance, Movement)

Line

  • Types: Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Zigzag, Curved
  • Line Weight: Varying thickness of lines (thin to thick)
  • Contour Line: Follows the edges of an object
  • Cross-Contour Line: Describes the form of an object
  • Refer to GC (Graphic Construction) for more clarification.

Shape

  • Types: Geometric (triangle, square, circle) and Organic (irregular shapes).

Color

  • Properties: Hue (color name), Value (lightness/darkness), Intensity (brightness/dullness).

Texture

  • Types: Actual (physical feel of surface) and Visual (implied texture created with line, shading, and color)

Form

  • Definition: Three-dimensional, enclosed space (length, width, and depth)
  • Types: 3-dimensional (sculptures) and illusionary (2-dimensional forms created through value adjustments)

Value

  • Definition: Lightness or darkness of a color or neutral (creates changes in form)
  • Scale: Gradient from light to dark

Space

  • Definition: Areas around, between, and within a composition
  • Types: Positive (areas of focus) and Negative (areas surrounding focus)

Drawing Tools/Vocab

  • Kneaded Eraser
  • Blending Stomp
  • Pencil Grades: 2H, 2B, F, etc. (H=Hardness, B=Blackness)
  • F=Firm

Cast Shadow

  • First, locate the light source.
  • Draw lines extending from the light source through the edges of the object.
  • Create the shape of the shadow that touches the lines from the first step.

Angle

  • Closer light source = larger shadow.
  • Lower angle light source = longer shadows.
  • Higher angle light source = shorter shadows.

Shading Methods

  • Hatching
  • Cross Hatching
  • Scribbling
  • Pointillism/Stippling

Colour Harmonies

  • Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, Blue
  • Secondary Colors: Orange, Green, Purple
  • Tertiary Colors: Mixtures of primary and secondary colors.
  • Colour Schemes: Monochromatic, Analogous, Complementary, Split Complementary, Triadic, Tetradic, Square.

Contour Drawing

  • Outlines objects using continuous lines focusing on the edges.

Gesture Drawing

  • Capturing the action, form, and pose in a brief time period.

One-Point Perspective

  • Uses a single vanishing point on the horizon line to create depth.
  • Vanishing Point
  • Horizon Line
  • Frontal Planes

Coloured Pencil Techniques

  • Pressure
  • Layering
  • Pencil Angle
  • Sharpness of Pencil
  • Circling Technique
  • Burnishing Technique

Printmaking

  • Relief Print: Carve away areas; ink applied to raised areas.

  • Tools: Brayer, Block Printing Ink, Knife, Baren

  • Matrix: Surface etched/cut for printing (e.g., linoleum block)

  • Print: Impression from the matrix.

  • Edition: Number of prints from a single block.

Sculptural Process

  • Armature: Framework (e.g., wire, metal pipes)
  • Carving: Subtracting material.
  • Casting: Use of molds to form objects.
  • Modelling: Shaping materials (e.g., clay, wax).
  • Assembling: Combining various components.

Sculpture/History of Sculpture

  • In the Round: Freestanding sculptures.
  • Relief: Sculpture on a flat surface.
  • Closed Composition: Solid and opaque; no open spaces.
  • Open Composition: Uses negative space.

Acrylic Paint

  • Made through pigment mixing in liquid.
  • Dry darker acrylic = waterproof.
  • Suitable for various mediums including flexible surfaces, or rubbery surfaces.

Printmaking Vocabulary

  • Printmaking: Process of making art by printing onto paper, creating multiple copies of the image.
  • Print: A picture or design printed from a block or plate.
  • Linocut: Relief print made on linoleum using a sharp cutter.
  • Relief Print: Ink goes on top of raised areas of the matrix.

Types of Sculpture

  • Freestanding: Sculptures standing on their own separate base.
  • Relief: Sculptures that project outwards from a background plate; usually on a flat or almost flat surface.

Art Critique

  • Describe: Elements and composition
  • Analyze: How artists use the elements and principles.
  • Interpret: Understanding message/meaning.
  • Judge: Evaluate artistic merit and quality.

Watercolour

  • Prepare paper before use (stretch/avoid wrinkles by folding)
  • Thin layer of water is followed by drying with a hair dryer.
  • Water colour pigment is vibrant.

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Explore the essential elements and principles of art, including line, shape, color, and texture. Understand the types of lines, shapes, and their properties, which essential for creating impactful artworks. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge and prepare you for your upcoming exam.

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