ARA102 Topic 3 MCQs PDF

1) Some of the external factors that have been considered by some scholars to have greatly contributed to the decline of sciences in Islam included - The crusade invasion - The christian reconquista of al-andalus - Mongols’ destruction of Baghdad 2) Forgetting the Arabs: A writ...

1) Some of the external factors that have been considered by some scholars to have greatly contributed to the decline of sciences in Islam included - The crusade invasion - The christian reconquista of al-andalus - Mongols’ destruction of Baghdad 2) Forgetting the Arabs: A writer who stressed the importance of the Arabs in pulling the West out of the Dark Ages was: - Dante 3) From the 10th century onwards, the abbasid caliphate in Baghdad was challenged by - The umayyad caliphate in cordoba and the fatimid caliphate in cairo 4) Along with a few works on poetry, al-Idrissi’s work was the last great work to be written in Arabic in Europe - True 5) According to the film ‘From Arabic to Latin,’ from the 12th century onwards there was a shift in power between the christian and the islamic worlds - True 6) In an attempt to explain the decline of sciences in islam, scholars indicated some internal factors such as - The rise of the orthodox theology after Ghazzali (d. 1111) - The lack of institutionalization of the culture of science, which was essentially subject to the caliphs’ whims - The absence of real universities or institutions of higher education with an autonomous status 7) According to the author of the article, nidhal Guessoum, the reasons for the decline of science in Islam are most probably - A combination of both, internal and external factors 8) Forgetting the Arabs: The loss of Andalusia to King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castille: - Led to the persecution of Arabs and Muslims 9) Forgetting the Arabs: What does the documentary claim would happen, beginning in the 10th century? - The breakup of the Muslim world 10) From Arabic to Latin: Kitab-al-Shifa, which was translated into Latin in order to be used by Europeans, was authored by: - Ibn Sina 11) Forgetting the Arabs: According to the documentary, the Reconquista was followed by: - The capture of Al-Hambra 12) From Arabic to Latin: What is the primary purpose of the documentary? - An analysis of how the knowledge discovered by Arabs were slowly translated into Latin and then influenced the Renaissance 13) Forgetting the Arabs: According to the documentary, the decline of the Arabs’ power and knowledge was due partly to: - A decline in the interest of philosophy during the 11th century 14) From Arabic to Latin: The decline of the Arab Islamic powers in Andalusia occurred at approximately the same time as: - Pope Urban II’s attempt to capture Jerusalem in the first crusade 15) From Arabic to Latin: The main center of scientific translation from Arabic to Latin was - Toledo 16) After the fall of cordoba to the christians, the arabs moved their capital city to granada. - True 17) According to deen, the medieval islamic higher educational system, which consisted mainly of madrasas, largely contributed to the progress of various field of science in islam. - False 18) The “density” of major scientists and achievements was during - 10th and 11th centuries 19) The beginning of the decline that happened in the 12th century is accepted by all - False 20) Except the field of astronomy, after the 13th century, we find no scientific progress of note - True 21) Among the external factors of the decline that were considered by some scholars - The Spanish reconquista - The crusades - Monghol's invasion 22) Some believe that science in the arabic and islamic world never declined - False 23) Some argue that the rise of the orthodox after ghazzali - Resulted in the decline of sciences 24) Many muslim religious scholars adopted a selective stand with regard to - Sciences that were considered without direct benefit 25) Some conservative scholars have expressed hostility towards non-religious sciences - True 26) In the 12th century, the translation was the translation - From arabic to latin 27) The most important center of translation from arabic to latin was - Toledo 28) The most important prolific translator in the 12th century was - Gerard of cremona 29) The canon of medicine is a medical enclopedia written by - Ibn Sina 30) By the end of the 11th century the madrasas were established - They mainly taught Islamic religious sciences - They were established by Saljuk Turks - Al-Ghazali graduated from and taught in the madrasas 31) Petrarch mentioned at the end of the movie “forgetting the arabs” - Wanted to erase all traces of Arab influence on Europe 32) Forgetting the arabs movie shows how europe asserted itself by the exclusion of arab culture - True 33) Scholars unanimously agree on explaining the decline of sciences in Islam by indicating external factors only. - False 34) All scholars agree that the decline of scientific production in the Arabo-Islamic civilization started in the 11th century - False 35) The first European map was drawn by - Al-Idrissi 36) The Seljuq turks were hired by the Abbasids as mercenaries to maintain order but ended up seizing power for themselves - True 37) The Mongol invasion of the eastern side of the Islamic world happened in the - 13th century 38) After the 14th century the most important scientific contributions were in the field of - Astronomy 39) Women were not allowed to practice astronomy in Andalusia - False 40) After the 14th century, the most important scientific contributions were in the field of - Astronomy 41) According to John Freely, who was the first writer in any language to complain about discrimination against women? - Ibn Rushd 42) There is absolutely no doubt that the conservative religious scholar al-Ghazzali was the cause for a quick decline in Islamic science activity after the 11th century - False 43) The gap between the culture of the elites and the ordinary Muslims contributed to the fact that the masses were unaware of the importance of the non-religious scientific fields, which according to some scholars have contributed to the decline of sciences in Islam - True 44) According to some, Islamic civilization and science did not so much decline as simply get overtaken by the rapidly rising European civilization and more importantly that this western rise was almost entirely due to economic factors - True 45) Some observers downplay the presumed consequences of the destructions and losses that presumably led to the decline, pointing to the facts that major scientific works not only did occur after these cataclysms so works in Islam were produced during - None (9th and 11th centuries) - The options were 8th and 9th centuries, 7th century, 13th and 14th century 46) The Europeans stopped translating books on medicine at the beginning of the 13th century - True 47) The first great Andalusian city to be taken by the Catholics was: - Toledo 48) In the ____ century the word translation meant translation from Arabic to Latin - 12th 49) Which of the following is not a reason for an outburst in people's interest in Islamic science, particularly in the west? - An increase in the number of Qur'an copies 50) His work allowed Kepler to correctly take atmospheric refraction into account, and thus produce more accurate data and deduce correct planetary laws. - Ibn al-Haytham 51) He invented algebra and gave us the concept of and name of algorithm - Al-Khwarizmi 52) It is unclear whether that simple historical scenario which had been accepted by many and repeated in stereotypical fashion about the Islamic civilization having, for the most part, only "preserved and transmitted" the Greek heritage, sometimes with some "enrichments" is incorrect. - False 53) There is absolutely no doubt that the conservative religious scholar alGhazzali was the cause for a quick decline in Islamic science activity after the 11th century. - False 54) Why does the author of this article prefer to use the phrase "Islamic science" rather than "Arabic science"? - Because the civilization is almost invariably referred to as "Islamic civilization". 55) The "translation movement" started during the Umayyad caliphate, after the Abbassid period, although in the latter era it took on much greater dimensions and proceeded more systematically. - False 56) Muslims found their inspiration in the Qur'an and the Hadith where they found messages demonstrating the importance of knowledge and encouraging them to reflect on the elegance and beauty of creation and the order in nature as well as to observe and seek to understand the wisdom behind all that. the importance of scholarship is clearly presented - True 57) The development of science in the Islamic civilization was inevitable for there was the need for certain types of knowledge directly related to some religious practices, such as - prayer times and the direction of Mecca - the construction of an Islamic calendar for both holy occasions and civil purposes. - the division of lands and monies among heirs. 58) According to the reading, the first hospital was established by an Abbasid caliph. - False 59) When did the Islamic civilization reach its peak? - During the dual period of the Abbasid caliphate in the East (centered in Baghdad) and of the Andalusian (Umayyad) caliphate in the West. 60) Known as "the philosopher of the Arabs", being probably the first and only great philosopher of Arab ethnic origin, he is widely considered as one of the greatest minds of the Islamic civilization. He is - Al-Kindi 61) He is probably the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous in all of history. - Ibn Sina 62) He is one of the greatest Muslim philosophers and polymaths of all time and the first writer in any language to complain about discrimination against women. - Ibn Rushd 63) According to the reading, the density of major scientists and achievements (i.e. their number per decade or century) reached a high peak in the 10th-11th century and decreased to a very low level of activity by the - 16th century and beyond 64) There is a set of reasons that led to the decline of Islamic science, internal and external, amongst which is/are - the rise of the orthodox theology after Ghazzali. - invasions of the Mongols and the Christians. - the absence of real universities with and open and liberal curriculum. 65) Cordoba, the Muslim capital of al-Andalus, fell to the Christian reconquista in - 1236 66) In the article called “ A short history of islamic science,” Ibn rushd quoted saying: “Our society allows no scope for the development of women’s talent…” However, the author of the article criticized ibn rushd saying that this is the one place where a woman became a well-known scholar of astronomy… - True 67) The andalusian city that became known as “the brilliant ornament of the world” is - Cordoba 68) During the zenith of arab civilization arabic was so important as the language of science that European scholars had to learn it as they learned latin - True 69) Al ghazzali wrote a famous work attacking the philosophers and named it the incoherence of the philosophers and in turn received a repost by an andalusian scholar who wrote the incoherence of the incoherence. What is the name of the andalusian scholar? - Ibn rushd 70) A polymath who is regarded to be the father of the scientific method is - Ibn al haytham 71) While everyone agrees that there has been a decline of islamic science, strong… Select the correct statement in relation to the note above - There is a set of reasons that lead to the decline of islamic science…culture (OR ALL) 72) Who discovered the minor circulation of blood? - Ibn al nafis 73) According to the film, “ulema and philosophers”, to become one of the ulama one had to - Be recognized by his peers as someone who possesses a certain religious knowledge 74) A great arab astronomer and instrument-maker of andalusia who produced an improved astrolabe - Al zarqali 75) In the 13th century the chart of the sciences that was used by universities in europe belonged to - Ibn sina (not sure) 76) The abbasid caliph who made the house of wisdom a public institution is - Al ma’moun 77) If someone asked you about the golden age of islam and its significance, what would be the best answer? - The golden age of islam was parallel to the dark ages of europe. This was the best… - The golden age of islam spanned over 500 years, between 750 and 1258. This was the time… - The golden age of islam was the era of translation and scientific contributions… 78) As stated in the documentary the conflict between the ulema and the philosophers started in the… - 9th century 79) As early as the 12th century, spain attracted scholars from france, england, italy and germany - True 80) He is a physician and a philosopher famous for a novel called hayy ibn yaqdhan. Who is he? - Ibn tufayl 81) The presence of Arabs in Andalusia - Started in AD 711 - Ended in AD 1492 - Lasted for 781 years 82) According to the film ‘When the World Spoke Arabic: Everything under the sun: Astronomy, Mathematics and Islam’, all the geometrical models and the whole geometric system that Copernicus used was, in fact, that of Ibn Shatir apart from putting the sun at the center of the universe. - True 83) Bimaristan is the name - Muslims used for hospital 84) After the fall of Cordoba to the Spanish Christians, the Arabs moved their capital city to Granada. - True 85) The first translation of the holy Qur’an into a western language was made into Latin in 1143. - True 86) He crossed the strait from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula to conquer Spain and the strait was named after him. - Tariq b. Ziyad 87) According to the film "Ulema and Philosophers", the ulama were - mediators between those in power and the people - sometimes leaders of rebellions against those in power - sometimes sided completely with those in power 88) The fight for influence between the philosophers and the ulama began in the 9th century AD and continued until the end of the 12th century AD. - True 89) The philosophers were the guardians of religious knowledge.  - False 90) At the end of the 11th century the Madrasa was created for teaching - Qur'an and Islamic law 91) 'Caliph' is the English term for Arabic khalifa, which means (the Arabic term means) - successor 92) Abu Arrayhan al-burini created modern algebra and the arabic word al-jabr (or algebra in english) comes from the title of his book - False 93) The Azhar is - a mosque - a seminary (teaching institute or university) - built by the Fatimids 94) Al-Khawarizmi - created algebra - developed geometry - introduced 'zero' to the West 95) Granada was the last Arab kingdom in Andalusia. - True 96) In the 10th century Cordoba was the most civilized city in Europe. - True 97) Bayt al-Hikma was a translation institute established by the Fatimids in North Africa. - False 98) He is a great surgeon from Muslim Spain. - Al zahrawi 99) The Spanish Christians took over Cordoba from the Arabs in the : - 1236 100) The greatest medical authority in the entire Islamic civilization was : - Al razi 101) During the first half of the 11th century a monumental work on optics was made by - Ibn al haytham 102) Heritage, or turath in Arabic, is the full range of inherited traditions, monuments, objects, language, lineage, and culture; both tangible and intangible. - True 103) Ibn al-Nafis discovered - minor blood circulation 104) Europe’s first music conservatory was established in Cordoba by a musician from Baghdad called: - Ziryab 105) The Iberian Jews welcomed the Arab conquering army as a liberating force and joined it against the intolerant Germananic Visigoths. - True 106) After the Arabs were expelled from Spain many of their virtues disappeared, such as: - Religious tolerance - Racial tolerance - Personal and public hygiene 107) After the fall of Granada eventually all mosques were turned into Christian churches. - True 108) Known as "the philosopher of the Arabs", being probably the first and only great philosopher of Arab ethnic origin, he is widely considered as one of the greatest minds of the Islamic civilization. He is - Al kindi 109) Muslims found their inspiration in the Qur'an and the Hadith where they found messages demonstrating the importance of knowledge and encouraging them to reflect on the elegance and beauty of creation and the order in nature as well as to observe and seek to understand the wisdom behind all that. - True 110) What contributed to Granada’s decline? - The Christian kingdoms of the peninsula finally managed to solve their mutual and internal conflicts. - The 1469 marriage of Isabel of Castile and Fernando of Aragón  - With the end of Marinid hegemony in North Africa, Granada had lost its single source of military support. 111) The last Arab state in Andalusia ended in 1492 - True 112) lingua franca means the language of the Franks, that is Eurpean language - False 113) A famous name from Andalusia is - Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil 114) The andalusia era - Ended in 1942 115) The house of wisdom was in cordoba, andalusia - False 116) Madinat al-Zahra was and still is the jewel of Granada, the last Arab kingdom in Andalusia - False 117) Caliph Haroon ar-Rasheed ?(Harun al-Rashid) was so impressed by the gift-the clock- from the French King. - False 118) The state/kingdom that remained under Arab/Muslim rule till the end of their presence in The south of Spain is - Granada 119) al-Khwarizmi - Algebra is taken from the title of one of his books 120) Gerard of Cremona - an important person in the field of translation from Arabic 121) The capital of Andalusia before it broke into Taifa kingdoms was - Cordoba 122) According to the author of the contribution text , "the Europeans, who up to the 12th century used only parchment for writing, learned for the first time the art of manufacturing paper" - After the crusades 123) Madinat al-Zahra was and still is the jewel of Granada, the last Arab kingdom in Andalusia - False 124) He created modern algebra and the arabic word al-jabr (or algebra in english) comes from the title of his book - Al-Khwarizmi 125) It is said that the ulama played a role in the development as well as the decline of arabic… -