Apcvs Week 1 2024 Medical Terminology PDF

“Where Education Comes To Life” Course: APCVS Week: 1 Lesson Objectives Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to: 1. Define and spell the terms to learn for this chapter. 2. Identify and discuss medical terminology...

“Where Education Comes To Life” Course: APCVS Week: 1 Lesson Objectives Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to: 1. Define and spell the terms to learn for this chapter. 2. Identify and discuss medical terminology word parts. 3. Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words. “Where Education Comes To Life”  Word Parts Are the Key! O Four basic types of word parts are used to create complex medical terms: – Word roots – Combining forms – Suffixes – Prefixes “Where Education Comes To Life” Analyzing a medical term. “Where Education Comes To Life” Derivation of Healthcare Terms “Where Education Comes To Life” 2  Word Roots O Examples: O cardi = heart O gastr = stomach O hepat = liver O neur = nerve Note: Word roots do not means pertaining to or relating to; that meaning comes from the suffix. “Where Education Comes To Life” Some Word Roots and Their Combining Forms Word Roots Combining Forms O Arthr = joints Arthr/o O Cardi = heart Cardi/o O Gastr = stomach Gastr/o O Hepat = liver Hepat/o O Lingu = tongue Lingu/o O Oste = bone Oste/o O Pneum = Lung Pneum/o “Where Education Comes To Life” 14  Word Parts, continued O Suffixes: O Appear at the end of a term. O Usually, but not always, a pathologic condition, a diagnostic procedure, or a therapeutic intervention. O Examples: O cardiomegaly O gastralgia O neuritis “Where Education Comes To Life” 15  Some Suffixes O -itis = inflammation O -scopy = visual examination O -tomy = surgical incision O -ectomy = surgical removal, excision, resection O -ia, al, ic = pertaining to O -logy = study of O - megaly = enlargement O - stomy = create an artificial openining “Where Education Comes To Life” 16  Prefixes O Appear before a combining form. O Prefixes usually, but not always, indicate location, time, number, or status. O Give more information about a term O Examples: O Pericardium = surrounding the heart O Epigastric = pertaining to above the stomach O Polyneuritis = inflammation of many nerves “Where Education Comes To Life”  Some Prefixes O Sub = under O Hyper = above, increased O Hypo = below, decreased O Dys = difficult, painful O Ante = before O Anti = against O Pre = before O Peri = surrounding “Where Education Comes To Life” 18  The Power of Learning Medical Terminology O By memorizing the word parts and the rules to analyze and build terms, students can learn thousands of terms quickly. Combining form wheel “Where Education Comes To Life” 10  Analyzing Terms O Once a student memorizes prefixes, word roots (or combining forms) and suffixes, he or she can analyze an enormous number of terms. O Taking words apart will help you understand the word-building patterns and meanings in medical terminology O Electr = electricity O Cardi = heart O Gram = record O Electrocardiogram is a written record of the electrical activity of the heart “Where Education Comes To Life” 19  Analyzing Terms, continued O The term “sublingual” is composed of three word parts: O sub- (a prefix meaning under) O lingu (a word root meaning tongue) O al (a suffix meaning pertaining to) O A short definition for sublingual: pertaining to under the tongue. “Where Education Comes To Life” 20  Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts O Decipher these medical terms based on their word parts: O Cardiologist O Cardi/o = heart logist = specialist O Gastritis O Gastr/o = stomach itis = inflammation O Neuralgia O neur = nerves algia = pain “Where Education Comes To Life”  Building Healthcare Terms, continued O Combining forms are joined to suffixes by keeping the combining vowel if the suffix starts with a consonant. O arthr/o + -scopy = arthroscopy O gastr/o + -tomy = gastrotomy O Combining forms are joined to suffixes by dropping the combining vowel if the suffix starts with a vowel. O arthr/o + -itis = arthritis O gastr/o + -ectomy = gastrectomy “Where Education Comes To Life” 25 Building Healthcare Terms, continued Prefixes are joined directly to the beginning of the combining form. O hemi- + gloss/o + -ectomy = hemiglossectomy O pre- + nat/o + -al = prenatal O hypo- + therm/o + -ia = hypothermia “Where Education Comes To Life” 28  Singular/Plural Rules If a term ends in -a, O drop the -a and add -ae. O Example: O Singular: vertebra Plural: vertebrae OIf a term ends in -is, O drop the -is, and add –es (pronounced –eez) O Example: O Singular: diagnosis Plural: diagnoses “Where Education Comes To Life” 30  Singular/Plural Rules, continued O If a term ends in -nx, O drop the -nx and add –nges (pronounced jeez) O Example: O Singular: phalanx Plural: phalanges O If a term ends in -um, O drop the -um and add an –a (pronounced ah) O Example: O Singular: bacterium Plural: bacteria “Where Education Comes To Life” 32  Singular/Plural Rules, continued O If a term ends in -us, O drop the -us and add an –I (pronounced eye) O Example: O Singular: digitus Plural: digiti O If a term ends in -y, O drop the -y and add –ies (pronounced eez) O Example: O Singular: therapy Plural: therapies “Where Education Comes To Life” 34  Let’s Review O What does the Prefix or Suffix mean O -ITIS Inflammation/ O TACHY- infection O BRADY- Fast O HEM- Slow O -ECTOMY Blood O -ALGIA Surgical removal O MAL- Painful Bad “Where Education Comes To Life” Let’s Review “Where Education Comes To Life” Why Learn Anatomy O We need to communicate with other healthcare workers O We need a language that will reduce the chance of errors. O Anatomy = O Physiology = “Where Education Comes To Life” We need to communicate with other healthcare workers We need a language that will reduce the chance of errors. Anatomy = Physiology = Anatomical position: face forward, palms forward, standing erect, legs together “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Cavities O Dorsal cavities Describe the location and O Cranial (crani/o) functions of body parts using: Body cavities, Body regions, O Spinal (spin/o) and Body planes / Body directions O Ventral cavities O Thoracic (thorac/o) O Abdominal (abdomin/o) O Pelvic (pelv/i) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body cavities “Where Education Comes To Life”  Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Liver Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Stomach and spleen Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Appendix Left lower quadrant (LLQ) intestines “Where Education Comes To Life”  Abdominopelvic Regions O Nine regions “Where Education Comes To Life”  Planes of the Body OSagittal O Divides LEFT from RIGHT OMidsagittal O Divides body into two equal halves “Where Education Comes To Life”  Planes of the Body, continued OFrontal/Coronal O Divides ANTERIOR FROM POSTERIOR O Front and back “Where Education Comes To Life”  Planes of the Body, continued OTransverse O Divides SUPERIOR from INFERIOR “Where Education Comes To Life” Positional and Directional Terms, continued O Anterior (anter/o) O Ventral (ventr/o) O front O Posterior (poster/o) O Dorsal (dors/o) O back anterior posterior “Where Education Comes To Life” Positional and Directional Terms, continued O Superior (super/o) O Cephal (cephal/o) O Towards the head O Inferior (infer/o) O Caudal (caud/o) O Toward the tail(feet) inferior superior “Where Education Comes To Life”  Positional and Directional Terms, continued O Medial (medi/o) O Towards the middle O Lateral (later/o) O Away from midline O Towards the sides lateral medial “Where Education Comes To Life” Positional and Directional Terms, continued O Proximal (proxim/o) O Close, near O Distal (dist/o) O Far, farther proximal distal “Where Education Comes To Life” Positional and Directional Terms, continued O Supine O Supinate O Laying on back supine O Prone O Pronate O Laying face down prone “Where Education Comes To Life” Positional and Directional Terms, continued “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Systems: Structure and Function “Where Education Comes To Life”  Organization of the Human Body O Human organism – body as a whole O Body systems – group of organs O Organs - group of tissues O Tissues – group of cell O Cells – basic unit of life O Role of homeostasis O Home/o (same) + -stasis ( equilibrium, stable state) O Constant state of internal environment 39 “Where Education Comes To Life” Organization of the Human Body “Where Education Comes To Life” Organization of the Human Body, continued O Cells (cyt/o) O Energy conversion O Anabolism (ana-) = building up O Catabolism (cata-) = breaking down O Metabolism (meta) = anabolism + catabolism “Where Education Comes To Life” Organization of the Human Body, continued OCell components O Cell membrane O Cytoplasm O Gel-like substance O Contain organelle O Small organs O Nucleus – brain O Control center The Cell “Where Education Comes To Life” Organization of the Human Body, continued O Tissues (hist/o) O Four types of tissues O Epithelial – covers body and lines body organs O Connective – holds internal organs together O Muscular – movement (cardiac, skeletal, smooth) O Nervous – communication O Organs (organ/o, viscer/o) O Termed “viscera” (s. viscus) O Arrangements of various types of tissues O Heart, liver, kidney O May be instrumental in more than one system “Where Education Comes To Life”  Systems “Where Education Comes To Life” Body Systems: Structure and Function “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Systems: Structure and Function “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Systems: Structure and Function “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Systems: Structure and Function “Where Education Comes To Life”  Body Systems: Structure and Function O Muscular System O Aid bones in movement O Surrounded by fascia (tissues) O Muscle ( Heart is a muscle) O Nervous System O Enables the body to sense changes in the external and internal environments and to experience pain O Brain, spinal cord & nerves “Where Education Comes To Life”  Lets Recall Practice Practice Practice “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) PREFIX – at the beginning of the word “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Brain Teaser Define: Disease of the lungs resulting from inhalation of very fine silicon dust particles. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcan oconiosis Yes this is a real word!!! REMEMBER: you can’t learn every medical Pneumo  Lung ultra  Very word but you do need a solid working microscopic  Small silico  Silicon knowledge of medical volcano  Minerals from a volcano terminology coni  dust osis  condition of “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life”