Animal Tissues and Organ Systems PDF

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems I can… ✓ differentiate the different types of animal tissues; ✓ identify the different organ systems in the human body; and ✓ distinguish the differences between negative feedback and positive feedback in the body.  What are Tissues? Specialize...

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems I can… ✓ differentiate the different types of animal tissues; ✓ identify the different organ systems in the human body; and ✓ distinguish the differences between negative feedback and positive feedback in the body.  What are Tissues? Specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function in the body. Major Types of Animal Tissue  Epithelial Tissue Protection Absorption Epithelium forms a barrier, In the intestines, epithelial tissue protecting underlying tissues from absorbs nutrients from digested damage and infection. food. Secretion Excretion Glands, composed of epithelial In the kidneys, epithelial tissue tissue, release substances like filters waste products from the hormones and enzymes. blood. Simple Squamous Epithelium Structure Location Simple squamous It is found in the epithelium lining of blood consists of a vessels, the single layer of alveoli of the thin, flat cells. The lungs, and the cells are closely serous packed together. membranes. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Structure Location Simple cuboidal It is found in the epithelium is lining of kidney made up of a tubules, the ducts single layer of of glands, and the cube-shaped covering of the cells. ovary. Function It is involved in secretion and absorption. Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure Location Simple columnar It is found in the epithelium is characterized lining of the by a single layer of tall, stomach, the column-shaped cells. intestines, and the gallbladder. Function It plays a role in secretion, absorption, and protection. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1 Structure Stratified squamous epithelium consists of multiple layers of cells, with the outer layer being flat and squamous. 2 Location It is found in the lining of the mouth, the esophagus, the vagina, and the skin. 3 Function It provides a protective barrier against abrasion and infection. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Structure Stratified cuboidal epithelium is made up of multiple layers of cube-shaped cells. Location It is found in the ducts of sweat glands, the salivary glands, and the mammary glands. Function It is involved in secretion and absorption.  Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1 Structure 2 Despite its name, this epithelium is a single layer of cells. 3 It contains tall cells with nuclei located at different heights. 4 The arrangement of nuclei gives the appearance of multiple layers.  Transitional Epithelium 1 Structure Transitional epithelium is a 2 specialized type of epithelium. It has the ability to stretch 3 and change shape. It is found in the 4 lining of the urinary bladder and ureters.  Connective Tissue Fill spaces, attach epithelium to other tissues, protect and cushion organs, flexible and firm support.  Loose Connective Tissue Structure Function Loose connective It supports and tissue is a flexible, binds other web-like structure tissues, providing composed of cells cushioning and embedded in a flexibility for matrix of proteins. organs.  Dense Connective Tissue Structure Function Dense connective It provides tissue is structural support characterized by for tendons, densely packed ligaments, and collagen fibers, fascia, enabling forming a strong strength and and resilient resistance to network. stress.  Adipose Tissue Structure Function Adipose tissue is It serves as a composed of primary energy specialized cells reserve, insulates called adipocytes the body, and that store fat in cushions vital the form of organs. triglycerides. Blood 1 Red Blood Cells 2 White Blood Cells 3 Platelets Carry oxygen Fight infections Contribute to to the body's and diseases blood clotting cells and by destroying and wound remove carbon pathogens. healing. dioxide.  Cartilage Structure Function Cartilage is a firm, It provides flexible connective support and tissue composed cushioning for of chondrocytes joints, allowing embedded in a smooth matrix of collagen movement and fibers. reducing friction.  Bone Structure Function Bone is a rigid It provides connective tissue structural support composed of for the body, osteocytes protects vital embedded in a organs, and serves matrix of collagen as a reservoir for fibers and calcium calcium. phosphate.  Muscle Tissue 1 Skeletal Muscle Attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movement. 2 Smooth Muscle Found in organs like the stomach and intestines, responsible for involuntary contractions. 3 Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart, responsible for rhythmic contractions to pump blood.  Skeletal Muscle Tissue Structure Function Skeletal muscle is It enables composed of long, movement of the cylindrical muscle skeleton, allowing fibers with us to walk, run, striations, allowing and perform daily for voluntary activities. movement.  Smooth Muscle Tissue Structure Function Smooth muscle is It controls the composed of contraction and spindle-shaped relaxation of internal muscle cells lacking organs, such as the striations, allowing stomach, intestines, for involuntary and blood vessels. movements.  Cardiac Muscle Tissue Structure Function Cardiac muscle is It forms the walls composed of of the heart, branched muscle enabling the fibers with rhythmic pumping intercalated discs, of blood ensuring throughout the coordinated body. contractions.  Nervous Tissue 1 Neurons Specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. 2 Neuroglia Supporting cells that provide nutrients and protection to neurons. 3 Nervous System Controls and coordinates all body functions, including movement, thought, and sensation. Functions of Animal Tissues Protection Support and Epithelial tissue Structure acts as a barrier Connective tissue against infection provides framework and injury. and support for the body. Movement Communication Muscle tissue and Control allows for Nervous tissue locomotion and transmits information and internal organ coordinates bodily function. activities.  Regeneration and Repair of Animal Tissues Injury 1 Damage to tissue triggers a repair process. Inflammation 2 Blood vessels dilate, bringing in immune cells and nutrients. Regeneration 3 New cells are formed from stem cells or existing cells. Scar Formation 4 Fibrous connective tissue fills in gaps, restoring structure.  Disorders and Diseases Affecting Animal Tissues 1 2 Cancer Inflammation Uncontrolled cell Chronic inflammation growth in various can damage tissues tissues. over time. 3 4 Degenerative Diseases Infections Progressive loss of Pathogens can tissue function, like damage tissues, arthritis. causing illness. The Nervous System Uses electrical impulses to send messages from brain throughout the body. Controls activity, learning, memory. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System  Brain – soft tissues that The Nervous coordinates all aspects of System animal function. Spinal Cord – main “highway” for nerve impulses to travel from brain to rest of body. Nerves – branch out and reach rest of the body. The Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System The brain and spinal Nerves carry signals cord control everything throughout the body, from breathing to relaying information to thought. and from the brain. Skeletal System Support Protection Blood Cell Mineral Storage Provides a Protects vital Production Stores calcium and framework for the organs like the Bones contain phosphorus, crucial body, allowing for brain, heart, and marrow, which for bone strength movement and lungs. produces and other bodily red blood cells. stability. functions. The Skeletal System Bones Cartilage 50% water, Soft, tough tissue 26%minerals, 20% found between protein, 4% fat bones that cushions joints Ligaments Long stretchy tissue that holds joints together Circulatory System Transportation Waste Removal Temperature Immune Response Delivers oxygen, Carries carbon Regulation Transports white nutrients, dioxide and other Helps maintain blood cells and hormones, and waste products body temperature antibodies to fight other essential away from cells to by distributing heat infections and substances to organs like the throughout the diseases. cells throughout lungs and kidneys body. the body. for elimination.  Circulatory System 3 1 Heart Blood Vessels Powerful pump that Network of arteries, circulates blood veins, and capillaries throughout the body. that transport blood. 2 Blood Carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. The Muscular System Movement Stability Heat Production Muscles contract to Muscles help to Muscle contraction move the bones, stabilize joints and generates heat, allowing us to walk, maintain posture. helping to regulate run, and jump. body temperature. The Muscular System Muscles Tendons Fibrous cells that are Long, thin, stretchy design to contract tissues that attach and relax in pairs. muscles to bones. - Voluntary Muscles pull against - Involuntary bone when they contract which causes movement.  The Urinary System Filtration of Blood The kidneys filter waste products, excess water, & other substances from the blood to form urine. Urine Formation The nephrons in the kidneys perform a complex process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to produce urine. Storage of Urine The bladder stores urine until it is convenient to eliminate it. Elimination of Urine The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.  The Urinary System Kidneys Urinary Bladder Filter waste products Stores urine until it from the blood and can be eliminated. produce urine. Ureters Urethra Connect bladder to Carries urine from the Urethra. bladder to the outside Of the body.  The Respiratory System - responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, a process essential for life. ✓ Gas Exchange ✓ Air Filtration ✓ Air Warming and Humidification ✓ Voice Production ✓ Sense of Smell The Digestive System 1 Mouth 2 Pharynx (throat) 3 Esophagus 4 Stomach 5 Small Intestine 6 Large Intestine 7 Rectum 8 Anus 9 Accessory Organs The Endocrine System 1 2 Hormones Glands Chemical messengers Produce and secrete that regulate various hormones into the bodily functions. bloodstream. 3 Growth, Metabolism, Reproduction Hormones play a crucial role in these essential processes. Integumentary System Skin 1 Largest organ, provides a protective barrier, regulates temperature, and senses the environment. Hair 2 Provides insulation and protection, helps with sensory perception. 3 Nails Protect fingertips and toes, aid in grasping and scratching.