Anatomy Test 5 Question Set 2 PDF

**Section: Reproductive System Functions** **1. What is the primary function of reproductive hormones in the body?**\ A) Maintain blood sugar levels\ B) Regulate reproductive organ development and function\ C) Control the immune response\ D) Aid in digestion\ E) Promote bone resorption\ **Correct A...

**Section: Reproductive System Functions** **1. What is the primary function of reproductive hormones in the body?**\ A) Maintain blood sugar levels\ B) Regulate reproductive organ development and function\ C) Control the immune response\ D) Aid in digestion\ E) Promote bone resorption\ **Correct Answer:** B **2. How does the male reproductive system contribute to fertilization?**\ A) Producing oocytes for fertilization\ B) Transporting sperm through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct\ C) Forming the placenta\ D) Supporting embryonic development in the uterus\ E) Providing nutrients for the fetus\ **Correct Answer:** B **3. What structure in females transports the oocyte to the site of fertilization?**\ A) Ovary\ B) Uterine tube\ C) Uterus\ D) Cervix\ E) Vagina\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Meiosis and Gamete Formation** **4. What is a key feature of meiosis that contributes to genetic diversity?**\ A) Formation of diploid gametes\ B) Mitosis of chromosomes\ C) Crossing over during Prophase I\ D) Cloning of homologous chromosomes\ E) Reduction of cell size\ **Correct Answer:** C **5. At what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?**\ A) Prophase I\ B) Anaphase I\ C) Anaphase II\ D) Metaphase II\ E) Telophase I\ **Correct Answer:** C **6. What type of cell is formed at the end of meiosis II?**\ A) Diploid somatic cell\ B) Haploid gamete\ C) Polar body\ D) Zygote\ E) Stem cell\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Male Reproductive Anatomy** **7. What is the function of the Leydig cells?**\ A) Produce sperm\ B) Protect sperm from immune attack\ C) Secrete testosterone in response to LH\ D) Facilitate motility of sperm\ E) Transport sperm to the epididymis\ **Correct Answer:** C **8. Which part of the male urethra passes through the penis?**\ A) Prostatic urethra\ B) Membranous urethra\ C) Spongy (penile) urethra\ D) Vas deferens\ E) Ejaculatory duct\ **Correct Answer:** C **9. What is the role of the cremaster muscle?**\ A) Wrinkle the scrotal skin\ B) Regulate testicular temperature by elevating the testes\ C) Produce sperm cells\ D) Secrete seminal fluid\ E) Protect the seminiferous tubules\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Female Reproductive Anatomy** **10. Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?**\ A) Ovary\ B) Cervical canal\ C) Uterine tube, ampulla\ D) Endometrium\ E) Vaginal canal\ **Correct Answer:** C **11. What part of the uterus undergoes significant changes during the menstrual cycle?**\ A) Myometrium\ B) Endometrium functional layer\ C) Perimetrium\ D) Cervix\ E) Uterine isthmus\ **Correct Answer:** B **12. Which ovarian structure produces estrogen and progesterone after ovulation?**\ A) Primary follicle\ B) Graafian follicle\ C) Corpus luteum\ D) Secondary oocyte\ E) Theca cells\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Spermatogenesis** **13. What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte?**\ A) Haploid\ B) Diploid\ C) Tetraploid\ D) Monoploid\ E) Polyploid\ **Correct Answer:** B **14. Which structure provides nutrients and support to developing sperm cells?**\ A) Leydig cells\ B) Sertoli cells\ C) Spermatogonia\ D) Epididymis\ E) Rete testis\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Hormonal Control** **15. Which hormone stimulates ovulation?**\ A) FSH\ B) LH\ C) Estrogen\ D) Progesterone\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** B **16. What is the role of inhibin in males?**\ A) Stimulate spermatogenesis\ B) Inhibit testosterone production\ C) Suppress FSH to regulate sperm production\ D) Enhance LH secretion\ E) Trigger seminal fluid production\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Fertilization and Embryonic Development** **17. What prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the same oocyte?**\ A) Acrosomal reaction\ B) Slow and fast blocks to polyspermy\ C) Zona pellucida expansion\ D) Cortical granule exocytosis\ E) All of the above\ **Correct Answer:** E **18. What is the first structure to form after a zygote undergoes cell division?**\ A) Blastocyst\ B) Morula\ C) Gamete\ D) Placenta\ E) Oocyte\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Genetics** **19. What does a Punnett square predict?**\ A) Number of chromosomes in a zygote\ B) Genetic trait combinations in offspring\ C) Timing of fertilization events\ D) Expression of dominant traits only\ E) Rate of meiosis completion\ **Correct Answer:** B **20. How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?**\ A) 23\ B) 46\ C) 69\ D) 92\ E) 13\ **Correct Answer:** A **Advanced Topics** **21. What triggers the formation of the placenta during pregnancy?**\ A) Fertilization of the oocyte\ B) Implantation of the blastocyst\ C) Hormonal release by the hypothalamus\ D) Zygote cleavage into blastomeres\ E) Completion of meiosis II\ **Correct Answer:** B **22. What is the role of the chorion during pregnancy?**\ A) Protect the fetus from amniotic fluid\ B) Facilitate nutrient and gas exchange with maternal blood\ C) Form the neural crest\ D) Produce hormones for uterine contractions\ E) Develop into the umbilical cord\ **Correct Answer:** B **23. What triggers the first breath in a newborn?**\ A) Fetal adrenal hormone secretion\ B) Cortical development in the brain\ C) Increase in oxygen demand and drop in amniotic pressure\ D) Closing of the ductus arteriosus\ E) Stretching of the diaphragm\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Pregnancy and Development** **24. What structure secretes hCG to maintain the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?**\ A) Trophoblast\ B) Endometrium\ C) Corpus albicans\ D) Chorion\ E) Amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** A **25. During which stage does the neural tube form?**\ A) Gastrulation\ B) Cleavage\ C) Implantation\ D) Neurulation\ E) Fertilization\ **Correct Answer:** D **26. What is the role of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?**\ A) Protect the fetus from amniotic fluid\ B) Provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus\ C) Initiate uterine contractions\ D) Maintain the temperature of the fetus\ E) Produce amniotic fluid\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Oogenesis** **27. What phase is an oocyte in at birth?**\ A) Prophase I\ B) Metaphase I\ C) Anaphase II\ D) Prophase II\ E) Telophase I\ **Correct Answer:** A **28. When does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?**\ A) During ovulation\ B) After fertilization\ C) During puberty\ D) During cleavage\ E) Before implantation\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Labor and Birth** **29. What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?**\ A) Progesterone\ B) Oxytocin\ C) hCG\ D) Prolactin\ E) FSH\ **Correct Answer:** B **30. What occurs during the third stage of labor?**\ A) Cervical dilation\ B) Delivery of the baby\ C) Expulsion of the placenta\ D) Initiation of uterine contractions\ E) Separation of amniotic fluid\ **Correct Answer:** C **31. What is the primary trigger for true labor contractions?**\ A) Elevated progesterone levels\ B) Increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels\ C) Relaxation of the cervix\ D) Fetal movement in the uterus\ E) Activation of the sympathetic nervous system\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Neonatal Changes** **32. What causes the closure of the foramen ovale after birth?**\ A) Increased oxygen levels in the blood\ B) Sudden drop in amniotic pressure\ C) Increased heart rate of the newborn\ D) Decrease in maternal hormone levels\ E) Release of surfactant by the lungs\ **Correct Answer:** A **33. What is the Apgar score used to assess?**\ A) Fetal growth rate\ B) Placental development\ C) Newborn's physical health immediately after birth\ D) Risk of genetic disorders\ E) Maternal hormonal levels\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Embryonic Development** **34. What layer of the embryo develops into the digestive tract lining?**\ A) Ectoderm\ B) Mesoderm\ C) Endoderm\ D) Neuroectoderm\ E) Hypoblast\ **Correct Answer:** C **35. What is the primary role of the amniotic sac?**\ A) Transport nutrients to the embryo\ B) Cushion and protect the embryo\ C) Facilitate implantation\ D) Form the placenta\ E) Initiate uterine contractions\ **Correct Answer:** B **36. Which structure is derived from the trophoblast?**\ A) Neural tube\ B) Placenta\ C) Amniotic cavity\ D) Inner cell mass\ E) Mesoderm\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Lactation** **37. What hormone is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding?**\ A) Prolactin\ B) Oxytocin\ C) Estrogen\ D) Progesterone\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** B **38. How does prolactin influence lactation?**\ A) Stimulates milk production in alveoli\ B) Triggers milk ejection\ C) Inhibits ovulation during breastfeeding\ D) Stimulates nipple sensitivity\ E) Increases breast size during pregnancy\ **Correct Answer:** A **Section: Aging and Reproductive Decline** **39. What hormonal change contributes to the onset of menopause?**\ A) Decrease in FSH secretion\ B) Increased sensitivity to progesterone\ C) Decline in ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone\ D) Increased GnRH production\ E) Elevated testosterone levels\ **Correct Answer:** C **40. What is a common physical change in males due to aging?**\ A) Increase in testosterone production\ B) Reduction in prostate gland size\ C) Decrease in sperm production\ D) Enhanced sexual activity\ E) Increased spermatogenesis\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Genetics** **41. What type of inheritance involves the expression of both alleles equally?**\ A) Mendelian dominance\ B) Codominance\ C) Incomplete dominance\ D) Polygenic inheritance\ E) Sex-linked inheritance\ **Correct Answer:** B **42. Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome?**\ A) Down syndrome\ B) Sickle cell anemia\ C) Hemophilia\ D) Huntington's disease\ E) Cystic fibrosis\ **Correct Answer:** C **43. What term describes the genetic makeup of an individual?**\ A) Phenotype\ B) Allele\ C) Genotype\ D) Karyotype\ E) Genome\ **Correct Answer:** C **Miscellaneous Questions** **44. What prevents polyspermy during fertilization?**\ A) Depolarization of the oocyte membrane\ B) Release of cortical granules\ C) Hardening of the zona pellucida\ D) Formation of a perivitelline space\ E) All of the above\ **Correct Answer:** E **45. What embryonic structure eventually forms the spinal cord?**\ A) Neural crest\ B) Neural tube\ C) Mesoderm\ D) Ectoderm\ E) Somite\ **Correct Answer:** B **46. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum form?**\ A) Follicular phase\ B) Ovulation\ C) Luteal phase\ D) Menstrual phase\ E) Proliferative phase\ **Correct Answer:** C **47. Which embryonic germ layer forms the skin and nervous system?**\ A) Endoderm\ B) Mesoderm\ C) Ectoderm\ D) Hypoblast\ E) Chorion\ **Correct Answer:** C **48. What is the function of chorionic villi?**\ A) Transport nutrients and waste between mother and fetus\ B) Form the neural crest\ C) Develop into the amniotic sac\ D) Initiate uterine contractions\ E) Produce hormones for fetal growth\ **Correct Answer:** A **49. What is the primary function of the yolk sac in humans?**\ A) Nourish the embryo\ B) Facilitate gas exchange\ C) Produce blood cells during early development\ D) Form the placenta\ E) Protect the embryo from mechanical injury\ **Correct Answer:** C **50. Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the endometrial lining?**\ A) Progesterone\ B) Estrogen\ C) FSH\ D) LH\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** B