Anatomy Test 5 Question set 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of reproductive hormones in the body?

  • Promote bone resorption
  • Regulate reproductive organ development and function (correct)
  • Control the immune response
  • Maintain blood sugar levels
  • Aid in digestion

    • How does the male reproductive system contribute to fertilization?

  • Transporting sperm through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct (correct)
  • Supporting embryonic development in the uterus
  • Providing nutrients for the fetus
  • Producing oocytes for fertilization
  • Forming the placenta

    • What structure in females transports the oocyte to the site of fertilization?

  • Uterine tube (correct)
  • Uterus
  • Ovary
  • Cervix
  • Vagina

    • What is a key feature of meiosis that contributes to genetic diversity?

    <p>Crossing over during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is formed at the end of meiosis II?

    <p>Haploid gamete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Leydig cells?

    <p>Secrete testosterone in response to LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the male urethra passes through the penis?

    <p>Spongy (penile) urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cremaster muscle?

    <p>Regulate testicular temperature by elevating the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterine tube, ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the uterus undergoes significant changes during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrium functional layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ovarian structure produces estrogen and progesterone after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte?

    <p>Diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides nutrients and support to developing sperm cells?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates ovulation?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibin in males?

    <p>Suppress FSH to regulate sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the same oocyte?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first structure to form after a zygote undergoes cell division?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Punnett square predict?

    <p>Genetic trait combinations in offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the formation of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Implantation of the blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorion during pregnancy?

    <p>Facilitate nutrient and gas exchange with maternal blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the first breath in a newborn?

    <p>Increase in oxygen demand and drop in amniotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure secretes hCG to maintain the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

    <p>Trophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the neural tube form?

    <p>Neurulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?

    <p>Provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase is an oocyte in at birth?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

    <p>After fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the third stage of labor?

    <p>Expulsion of the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary trigger for true labor contractions?

    <p>Increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the closure of the foramen ovale after birth?

    <p>Increased oxygen levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Apgar score used to assess?

    <p>Newborn's physical health immediately after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the embryo develops into the digestive tract lining?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the amniotic sac?

    <p>Cushion and protect the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the trophoblast?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prolactin influence lactation?

    <p>Stimulates milk production in alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormonal change contributes to the onset of menopause?

    <p>Decline in ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical change in males due to aging?

    <p>Decrease in sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance involves the expression of both alleles equally?

    <p>Codominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the genetic makeup of an individual?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents polyspermy during fertilization?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What embryonic structure eventually forms the spinal cord?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum form?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic germ layer forms the skin and nervous system?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chorionic villi?

    <p>Transport nutrients and waste between mother and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the yolk sac in humans?

    <p>Produce blood cells during early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the endometrial lining?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive System Functions

    • Reproductive hormones' primary function: Regulate reproductive organ development and function.
    • Male reproductive system's role in fertilization: Transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct.
    • Female structure for oocyte transport: Uterine tube.

    Meiosis and Gamete Formation

    • Key feature of meiosis for genetic diversity: Crossing over during Prophase I.
    • Phase where sister chromatids separate: Anaphase II.

    Male Reproductive Anatomy

    • Leydig cells' function: Secrete testosterone in response to LH.
    • Part of male urethra passing through the penis: Spongy (penile) urethra.
    • Cremaster muscle's role: Regulates testicular temperature by elevating the testes.

    Female Reproductive Anatomy

    • Location of typical fertilization: Uterine tube, ampulla.
    • Uterine part undergoing significant changes during menstrual cycle: Endometrium.
    • Ovarian structure producing estrogen and progesterone after ovulation: Corpus luteum.

    Spermatogenesis

    • Ploidy of primary spermatocyte: Diploid.
    • Structure supporting developing sperm cells: Sertoli cells.

    Hormonal Control

    • Hormone stimulating ovulation: LH.
    • Role of inhibin in males: Suppress FSH to control sperm production.

    Fertilization and Embryonic Development

    • Mechanism preventing polyspermy: Cortical granule exocytosis.
    • First structure forming after zygote division: Morula.

    Genetics

    • Prediction of a Punnett square: Genetic trait combinations in offspring.
    • Chromosome number in a human gamete: 23.

    Advanced Topics

    • Placenta formation trigger: Implantation of the blastocyst.
    • Chorion's role: Facilitates nutrient and gas exchange with maternal blood.

    Pregnancy and Development

    • Trigger for first breath in newborn: Increase in oxygen demand and drop in amniotic pressure.

    Further Topics (Page 6-11)

    • Structure secreting hCG for corpus luteum maintenance: Trophoblast.
    • Neural tube formation stage: Gastrulation.
    • Umbilical cord's role: Provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
    • Oocyte phase at birth: Prophase I.
    • Secondary oocyte meiosis II completion time: During ovulation.
    • Hormone stimulating uterine contractions: Oxytocin.
    • Third stage of labor event: Expulsion of the placenta.
    • Primary cause of true labor contractions: Increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels.
    • Closure of foramen ovale reason: Increased oxygen levels in the blood.
    • Apgar score purpose: Assess newborn's physical health immediately after birth.
    • Digestive tract lining's embryonic layer: Endoderm.
    • Amniotic sac's primary role: Cushion and protect the embryo.
    • Structure derived from trophoblast: Placenta.
    • Hormone for milk ejection: Oxytocin.
    • Prolactin's role in lactation: Stimulates milk production in alveoli.
    • Menopause contributing hormonal change: Decline in ovarian estrogen and progesterone production.
    • Common physical change in aging males: Reduction in prostate gland size.
    • Inheritance displaying equal allele expression: Codominance.
    • Genetic disorder from X chromosome mutation: Hemophilia.
    • Genetic makeup description: Genome.
    • Structure preventing polyspermy: Oocyte membrane depolarization and cortical granule release.
    • Structure forming spinal cord: Neural tube.
    • Menstrual cycle phase for corpus luteum formation: Luteal phase.
    • Embryonic layer forming skin/nervous system: Ectoderm.
    • Chorionic villi function: Transport nutrients and waste.
    • Yolk sac's human function: Nourish the embryo.
    • Hormone thickening endometrial lining: Progesterone.

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    Anatomy Test 5 Question Set 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions and anatomy of the human reproductive system. This quiz covers key aspects of male and female reproductive systems, including hormone functions, gamete formation, and reproductive organs. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these critical biological concepts.

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