Anatomy Test 5 Set 2 PDF

**Section: Reproductive System Overview** **1. What is the primary function of reproductive hormones in males and females?**\ A) Support gamete transportation\ B) Initiate fertilization\ C) Regulate development of gender-specific body forms\ D) Promote milk production\ E) Facilitate implantation\ *...

**Section: Reproductive System Overview** **1. What is the primary function of reproductive hormones in males and females?**\ A) Support gamete transportation\ B) Initiate fertilization\ C) Regulate development of gender-specific body forms\ D) Promote milk production\ E) Facilitate implantation\ **Correct Answer:** C **2. How does the male reproductive system enhance fertilization?**\ A) By producing acidic secretions\ B) By storing mature sperm in the testes\ C) By transporting sperm to the fertilization site through the duct system\ D) By protecting sperm with enzymes\ E) By stimulating oocyte maturation\ **Correct Answer:** C **3. Which structure provides nourishment to a newborn after birth?**\ A) Ovary\ B) Mammary glands\ C) Uterine tube\ D) Corpus luteum\ E) Placenta\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Meiosis** **4. What is the role of crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis?**\ A) To separate sister chromatids\ B) To condense chromosomes for division\ C) To increase genetic variation\ D) To form haploid cells\ E) To duplicate DNA\ **Correct Answer:** C **5. In which phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles?**\ A) Prophase I\ B) Metaphase I\ C) Anaphase I\ D) Anaphase II\ E) Telophase II\ **Correct Answer:** C **6. Why is meiosis essential for gamete production?**\ A) To create diploid gametes\ B) To preserve genetic material across generations\ C) To form identical daughter cells\ D) To produce primary oocytes\ E) To stimulate sperm motility\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Male Reproductive Anatomy** **7. What is the primary function of the tunica albuginea in the testis?**\ A) Produce sperm cells\ B) Protect and structure the testis\ C) Transport sperm to the vas deferens\ D) Secrete testosterone\ E) Facilitate temperature regulation\ **Correct Answer:** B **8. Which gland secretes an alkaline fluid rich in fructose to nourish sperm?**\ A) Prostate gland\ B) Bulbourethral gland\ C) Seminal vesicle\ D) Epididymis\ E) Tunica albuginea\ **Correct Answer:** C **9. Which muscle regulates the temperature of the testes by contracting?**\ A) Vas deferens\ B) Cremaster muscle\ C) Seminiferous tubule\ D) Tunica albuginea\ E) Dartos muscle\ **Correct Answer:** E **Section: Female Reproductive Anatomy** **10. What part of the uterine tube is responsible for capturing the oocyte after ovulation?**\ A) Isthmus\ B) Infundibulum\ C) Ampulla\ D) Interstitial part\ E) Endometrium\ **Correct Answer:** B **11. Which uterine layer undergoes cyclical shedding during menstruation?**\ A) Myometrium\ B) Perimetrium\ C) Endometrial functional layer\ D) Cervical canal\ E) Basal layer\ **Correct Answer:** C **12. What structure in the ovary produces hormones like estrogen and progesterone?**\ A) Graafian follicle\ B) Corpus luteum\ C) Primordial follicle\ D) Secondary follicle\ E) Tunica albuginea\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Hormonal Regulation** **13. What triggers the LH surge during the ovarian cycle?**\ A) High levels of FSH\ B) Elevated estrogen levels\ C) Increased progesterone secretion\ D) Ovulation\ E) Decrease in GnRH\ **Correct Answer:** B **14. Which hormone maintains the uterine lining during the luteal phase?**\ A) Estrogen\ B) Progesterone\ C) LH\ D) FSH\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** B **15. What is the function of inhibin in the female reproductive system?**\ A) Stimulate estrogen production\ B) Promote ovulation\ C) Suppress FSH release\ D) Trigger progesterone secretion\ E) Initiate GnRH secretion\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis** **16. Where does spermatogenesis occur?**\ A) Vas deferens\ B) Epididymis\ C) Seminiferous tubules\ D) Prostate gland\ E) Rete testis\ **Correct Answer:** C **17. What distinguishes spermiogenesis from spermatogenesis?**\ A) Spermiogenesis produces haploid gametes\ B) Spermatogenesis involves flagellum formation\ C) Spermiogenesis refers to final sperm maturation\ D) Spermatogenesis occurs in the epididymis\ E) Spermiogenesis includes meiosis\ **Correct Answer:** C **18. At what stage does oogenesis pause until puberty?**\ A) Prophase I\ B) Metaphase I\ C) Telophase I\ D) Metaphase II\ E) Anaphase II\ **Correct Answer:** A **Section: Fertilization and Early Development** **19. What prevents polyspermy after sperm penetration?**\ A) Formation of the male pronucleus\ B) Enzymes from the acrosome\ C) Zona pellucida hardening\ D) Sperm motility inhibition\ E) Increased uterine contractions\ **Correct Answer:** C **20. What forms the embryonic portion of the placenta?**\ A) Endometrium\ B) Cytotrophoblast\ C) Syncytiotrophoblast\ D) Chorionic villi\ E) Inner cell mass\ **Correct Answer:** D **Section: Genetics** **21. Which type of genetic inheritance involves both alleles being expressed equally?**\ A) Dominance\ B) Codominance\ C) Incomplete dominance\ D) Polygenic inheritance\ E) X-linked inheritance\ **Correct Answer:** B **22. What does a Punnett square calculate?**\ A) Phenotypic traits\ B) Genotypic combinations of offspring\ C) Dominant allele ratios\ D) Chromosomal mutations\ E) X-linked inheritance probabilities\ **Correct Answer:** B \[**Questions continue, tailoring to different topics such as pregnancy, parturition, hormonal changes during aging, embryonic development, and more detailed mechanisms in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Let me know how you\'d like to proceed with structuring these or emphasizing specific areas.**\] 4o **You said:** continue **ChatGPT said:** ChatGPT **Section: Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes** **23. Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?**\ A) Progesterone\ B) Estrogen\ C) hCG\ D) FSH\ E) LH\ **Correct Answer:** C **24. What is the primary function of the placenta?**\ A) Protect the embryo from mechanical injury\ B) Provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus\ C) Store hormones for fetal development\ D) Prevent uterine contractions\ E) Facilitate sperm capacitation\ **Correct Answer:** B **25. Which structure secretes progesterone during the second trimester of pregnancy?**\ A) Corpus luteum\ B) Placenta\ C) Ovary\ D) Hypothalamus\ E) Uterine lining\ **Correct Answer:** B **26. What marks the transition from embryo to fetus?**\ A) Fertilization\ B) Implantation\ C) Formation of germ layers\ D) Completion of organ system development\ E) Beginning of the 9th week of development\ **Correct Answer:** E **Section: Parturition and Labor** **27. What initiates uterine contractions during true labor?**\ A) High levels of progesterone\ B) Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary\ C) Increased LH levels\ D) Placental estrogen production\ E) Cervical dilation\ **Correct Answer:** B **28. During which stage of labor does the placenta get expelled?**\ A) First stage\ B) Second stage\ C) Third stage\ D) Fourth stage\ E) Pre-labor\ **Correct Answer:** C **29. What fetal structure secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) before labor?**\ A) Placenta\ B) Fetal hypothalamus\ C) Fetal adrenal gland\ D) Chorion\ E) Syncytiotrophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Lactation and Postnatal Development** **30. What hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?**\ A) Prolactin\ B) Oxytocin\ C) Estrogen\ D) Progesterone\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** A **31. What triggers the milk ejection reflex?**\ A) Increase in prolactin secretion\ B) Suckling stimulation by the infant\ C) High levels of progesterone\ D) Decrease in estrogen levels\ E) FSH release from the anterior pituitary\ **Correct Answer:** B **32. What is the role of oxytocin in lactation?**\ A) Initiates milk production\ B) Maintains mammary gland development\ C) Stimulates milk ejection from alveoli\ D) Promotes follicular development\ E) Prevents ovulation during breastfeeding\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Development and Newborn Adaptations** **33. What marks the closure of the foramen ovale after birth?**\ A) Increased maternal hormone levels\ B) Separation of pulmonary and systemic circulations\ C) First cry of the newborn\ D) Clot formation in umbilical vessels\ E) Expansion of the amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **34. Which system undergoes the most rapid development during the first year after birth?**\ A) Digestive system\ B) Immune system\ C) Nervous system\ D) Muscular system\ E) Circulatory system\ **Correct Answer:** C **35. What is meconium?**\ A) A substance that forms the amniotic sac\ B) The baby's first stool, composed of amniotic fluid and cells\ C) A fluid secreted by the alveoli of mammary glands\ D) The hardened portion of the placenta\ E) A protective fetal skin coating\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Aging and Reproductive Decline** **36. What hormonal change is associated with menopause?**\ A) Increase in estrogen production\ B) Decrease in GnRH release\ C) Increased sensitivity to LH and FSH\ D) Decline in ovarian estrogen and progesterone production\ E) Increase in testosterone secretion\ **Correct Answer:** D **37. What happens to the uterine size within 15 years after menopause?**\ A) Increases due to hormone imbalance\ B) Remains the same\ C) Decreases by approximately 50%\ D) Becomes more muscular\ E) Enlarges due to endometrial thickening\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Fertilization and Implantation** **38. What is the role of the zona pellucida in fertilization?**\ A) Facilitate sperm binding and prevent polyspermy\ B) Provide nutrients to the zygote\ C) Protect the sperm from enzymatic attack\ D) Trigger sperm motility\ E) Secrete hormones for implantation\ **Correct Answer:** A **39. At what stage of development does the blastocyst implant in the uterine lining?**\ A) Day 1\ B) Day 3-4\ C) Day 5-7\ D) Day 10-12\ E) Day 15\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Genetics and Inheritance** **40. How are polygenic traits determined?**\ A) By a single pair of alleles\ B) Through expression of multiple genes on different chromosomes\ C) By dominant allele interactions only\ D) Exclusively through maternal inheritance\ E) By incomplete dominance of alleles\ **Correct Answer:** B **41. What is the purpose of a karyotype?**\ A) Analyze gene sequences\ B) Map chromosomal structure and identify abnormalities\ C) Detect mitochondrial DNA mutations\ D) Measure genetic expression patterns\ E) Calculate inheritance probabilities\ **Correct Answer:** B **42. What is a typical phenotype ratio for a Mendelian monohybrid cross?**\ A) 1:2:1\ B) 3:1\ C) 9:3:3:1\ D) 1:1\ E) 2:1\ **Correct Answer:** B **Additional Questions to Reach 70** \[Continue to create questions focusing on niche or advanced topics, such as genetic disorders, embryonic layer derivatives, hormonal feedback mechanisms during pregnancy, cellular-level changes in fertilization, and developmental adaptations in neonates. Let me know if you\'d like me to proceed or narrow the focus further!\] 4o **You said:** continue **ChatGPT said:** ChatGPT **Section: Advanced Fertilization and Embryonic Development** **43. What is the primary function of the trophoblast during early development?**\ A) Differentiate into germ layers\ B) Form the embryonic nervous system\ C) Invade the endometrium to aid implantation\ D) Produce gametes for fertilization\ E) Develop into the fetal brain\ **Correct Answer:** C **44. What happens during cleavage in embryonic development?**\ A) The zygote becomes a blastocyst\ B) Cells divide rapidly without growth, forming smaller blastomeres\ C) The placenta begins forming\ D) The germ layers differentiate\ E) Organ systems develop\ **Correct Answer:** B **45. Which structure eventually forms the embryo proper?**\ A) Trophoblast\ B) Inner cell mass\ C) Chorion\ D) Blastocyst cavity\ E) Yolk sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Developmental Biology** **46. Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?**\ A) Endoderm\ B) Mesoderm\ C) Ectoderm\ D) Chorion\ E) Trophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** C **47. What is the main function of the yolk sac during early development?**\ A) Provide nutrients to the embryo\ B) Form the amniotic cavity\ C) Develop into the neural tube\ D) Produce blood cells\ E) Generate muscle tissue\ **Correct Answer:** D **48. What is the primitive streak?**\ A) A structure forming the placenta\ B) A band of cells that establishes the body axis and initiates gastrulation\ C) A precursor to the neural crest\ D) A cavity in the blastocyst\ E) A structure derived from the chorion\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Hormonal Feedback in Pregnancy** **49. How does hCG support early pregnancy?**\ A) It inhibits estrogen secretion\ B) It stimulates uterine contractions\ C) It maintains the corpus luteum to sustain progesterone production\ D) It promotes endometrial sloughing\ E) It enhances follicular growth\ **Correct Answer:** C **50. What hormonal shift occurs as pregnancy progresses into the second trimester?**\ A) Placental progesterone production replaces the corpus luteum\ B) hCG levels increase exponentially\ C) FSH levels rise to support follicular growth\ D) LH secretion increases to sustain ovulation\ E) GnRH release from the hypothalamus increases\ **Correct Answer:** A