Anatomy Review #2 PDF

**Anatomy** **Review \#2** 1\. How many named bones are in the skeleton? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. What attaches bones to bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*What attaches muscle to bone? **[tendon]** 3\. What makes bones hard? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4\. What are bon...

**Anatomy** **Review \#2** 1\. How many named bones are in the skeleton? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. What attaches bones to bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*What attaches muscle to bone? **[tendon]** 3\. What makes bones hard? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4\. What are bone cells called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5\. What are the functions of bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6\. What are the 2 types of bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7\. Compact bone is comprised of units called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*Cells that deposit bone? **[Osteoblasts]** 8\. What is the central tube in the osteon that contains the blood vessels and nerves? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 9\. What are the concentric rings (layers) of matrix? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 10\. What are cavities containing bone cells? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 11\. What are the passageways between bone cells that transport nutrients and wastes? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 12\. What is the organic part of bone matrix? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 13\. What are the thin plates in cancellous bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 14\. Where are red blood cells produced? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*Red bone marrow/\*spongy bone marrow produces? **[Produces all types of blood cells]** 15\. What are the functions of the Skeletal System? 1\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 16\. What type of bones have a shaft & enlarged ends? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 17\. What type of bone is the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 18\. What type of bones contain an inner & outer layer of compact bone with spongy bone in between? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 19\. What type of bone is a cranial bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 20\. What type of bones are cube-shaped with an outer layer of compact bone and a core of spongy bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 21\. What type of bones are the carpals? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 22\. What bones are unclassified and develop within tendons? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 23\. What type of bone is the patella? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 24\. What types of bones vary in shape? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 25\. The vertebrae and auditory ossicles are examples of what type of bones? 26\. What sesamoid bones (unclassified) vary in number and are found in the sutures of the skull? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 27\. What is the shaft of the long bone called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 28\. What part of the bone contains the yellow bone marrow? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 29\. What is the membrane around the yellow bone marrow (lines the medullary cavity of long bones)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 30\. What is the membrane surrounding the shaft of long bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 31\. What are the enlarged ends of long bones called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 32\. What is the layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Could also be asked: What covers the ends of long bones? 33\. What divides the cartilage cells between the epiphysis and the diaphysis and produces longitudinal growth in bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [Questions 34 -- 40 are projections on long bones for muscle attachment]: [Questions 41 -- 44 are projections on long bones that form joints:] 41\. What is the rounded articular projection? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 42\. What is smooth, nearly flat articular surface? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 43\. What is the rounded end of a bone supported by a narrow neck? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 44\. What is the arm-like bar of bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [Questions 45 -- 50 are depressions and openings in long bones:] 45\. What is a narrow, slit-lit opening? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 51\. What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 52\. How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 53\. How many bones make up the pelvic girdle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 54\. How many bones make up the lower limbs? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 55\. How many bones make up the upper extremities? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 56\. How many bones make up the pectoral girdle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 57\. What are the long curved bones at the base of the neck? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 58\. What is the name for the shoulder blades? (flat bones on the posterior thorax) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 59\. What is the superior lateral process that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 60\. What is the superior anterior process for muscle attachment? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 61\. What is the (cavity) depression (socket) that forms the shoulder joint? (Articulates with the head of the humerus) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 62\. What are the long bones of the arms? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 63\. What is the rounded proximal end of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid fossa? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 64\. What is the medial pulley-shaped condyle that fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna forming a major part of the elbow? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 65\. What articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 66\. What is the medial and lateral eminences above the 2 condyles at the distal end of the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 67\. What is the medial bone of the forearm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What is the largest bone of the forearm? **[Ulnar]** 68\. What is the tip of the elbow called the funny bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 69\. What is the depression which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 70\. What is the rounded distal end of the ulna? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 71\. What is the thin posterior process on the distal end of the ulna? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 72\. What is the lateral bone of the forearm; head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 73\. What are the short bones that comprise the wrist? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 74\. How many bones comprise the carpals? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 75\. What are the long bones of the palm of the palm and back of each hand? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 76\. How many metacarpals are in the hands? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 77\. What are the bones of the finger and toes called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 78\. How many bones are in each finger? \_\_\_\_\_ How many bones in each thumb? \_\_\_\_\_ 79\. What is the large hip bone called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 80\. What is the superior portion of the pelvic girdle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 81\. The top of the hip is called the? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 82\. The posterior portion of the hip bone where one sits? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 83\. What is the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 84\. What is the socket of the hip joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 85\. What is the largest foramina in the body? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 86\. What is the large bone of the thigh called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 87\. What portion of the femur fits into the acetabulum (socket of the hip)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 88\. What are the large, blunt processes on the proximal end of the femur? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 89\. What articulates with the tibia forming the knee joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 90\. The kneecap is called the? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 91\. What is the medial bone of the leg? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 92\. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ articulates with the femur to form the knee joint. 93\. What is the prominence just below the knee? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 94\. What is the name for the inner ankle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 95\. The smaller, lateral bone of the leg? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 96\. What are the short bones of the ankle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 97\. What is the heel bone called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 98\. What tendon attaches to the heel bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 99\. What are the (5) long bones that form the top and sole of the foot? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 100\. How many phalanges are in the feet? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Each great toe has how many phalanges? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ How may bones are in the other toes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 101\. How many bones are in the axial skeleton? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 102\. How many bones make up the skull? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 103\. How many auditory ossicles are in the ears? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 104\. How many hyoid bones are there? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 105\. How many bones are in the chest (including the sternum and ribs)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 106\. How many cranial bones protect the brain? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 107\. What is the large bone of the forehead? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 108\. What is the superior border of the eye orbit? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 109\. What is the ridge above the eye orbit? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 110\. What is the flat portion of the frontal bone between the eyebrows? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 111\. What are the cavities called that open into the nasal cavities? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 112\. What bones form the top and upper sides of the cranium? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 113\. Which bones contain the ear canals? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 114\. What is the flat portion of the temporal? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 115\. What is another name for the ear canal? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 116\. What is the process behind the ear lobe? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 117\. What part of the temporal bone contains the ear bones (ossicles) and inner ear? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 118\. Which bone contains the socket of the jaw joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 119\. What bones form the eye orbit? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 120\. What is the opening in the temporal bone for the internal carotid artery? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 121\. What cranial bone contains the foramen magnum? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 122\. What is the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 123\. What articulates with the 1^st^ cervical vertebra? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 124\. What is the name of the 1^st^ cervical vertebra? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 125\. What is the tubercle on the posterior surface of the occipital bone called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 126\. What is the bat-shaped bone that forms the anterior cranial floor and lateral eye orbits? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 127\. Where is the pituitary gland located? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 128\. Which bone forms the superior nasal septum? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 129\. What is the superior median ridge of the ethmoid bone called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 130\. What bone does the olfactory nerves pass through? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 131\. What is the median plate of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 132\. What is the top of the skull called that is removed in an autopsy? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 133\. Depressions that surround and protect the eyes? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 134\. What forms the bridge of the nose? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 135\. What bone contains grooves for the tear ducts? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 136\. What are the cheek bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 137\. Which suture is located between the parietal bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 138\. Which suture is located between the frontal and the parietals? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 139\. Which sutures are located between the parietal and the temporal bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 140\. Which suture is located between the occipital and the parietal bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 141\. What bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum, dividing the internal nose into 2 cavities? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 142\. Which bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 143\. What are the bones of the upper jaw? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 144\. What forms the anterior hard palate? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 145\. What part of the maxillae contain the sockets for the teeth? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 146\. Which are the largest paranasal sinuses? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 147\. Which bones contain paranasal sinuses? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 148\. What is the large bone of the lower jaw? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 149\. What is the thick horizontal portion of the mandible that contains the sockets for the lower teeth called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 150\. What is the vertical portion of the mandible that contains the condyles that fit into the sockets of the jaw joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 151\. Which bone contains the socket of the jaw joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 152\. What is the portion of the mandible called where the ramus and the body meet? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 153\. What bone is the ear canal located in? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 154\. What are the 3 pair of very small bones of the inner ear called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 155\. What is the auditory ossicles that are shaped like a hammer? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 156\. What are the auditory ossicles that shaped like an anvil? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 157\. What are the auditory ossicles that are shaped like the stirrup of a saddle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 158\. What bone does not articulate with another bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 159\. Called the spine? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 160\. How many bones protect the spinal cord? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 161\. What are the thick anterior portions of the vertebra separated by discs (fibrocartilage)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 162\. What is the opening that the spinal cord passes through? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 163\. What is the bony ring surrounding the foramen? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 164\. What are the lateral projections from the vertebral arch? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 165\. How many cervical vertebrae? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 166\. What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The name of the first cervical vertebra? **[Atlas]** 167\. Cervical vertebra have a **[Transverse foramen]** 168\. Which vertebrae have ribs articulating with them? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 169\. What are the vertebrae of the lower back called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 170\. What is the large bone comprising the posterior pelvis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 171\. What is the small triangular bone of the posterior pelvis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 172\. What is the breastbone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 173\. What is the superior portion of the sternum (breast bone) (articulates with the collarbone and 2 ribs)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 174\. What is the part of the sternum resembling the blade of a sword or dagger? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 175\. What is the bottom tip of the sternum? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 176\. How many ribs in the body? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 177\. Which ribs are attached individually to the sternum by costal cartilage? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 178\. What are the last 5 pair of ribs called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 179\. How many pair of floating ribs (vertebral) are there? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 180\. What is the organic part of bone matrix? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 181\. What makes bones hard? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*What comprises most of the hydroxyapatites in bones? **[Calcium phosphate]** 182\. What are the cells that deposit bone called (found in the osteogenic periosteum & endosteum)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 183\. What are the large bone cells that function in bone reabsorption needed for repair and remodeling? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 184\. What are the mature bone cells called that is found in bone tissue; they are the most numerous cells and maintain bone tissue? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 185\. What is the term for "formation of bones?" \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 186\. Ossification where mesenchyme in membranes is converted to bone; ex: cranial bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 187\. The process by which **[hyaline cartilage]** is converted to bone; (makes most of the bones in the skeleton) how most bones are formed? **[Endochondral Ossification]** 188\. The baby's skull where ossification is incomplete? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 189\. How many fontanels are in the baby's skull? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 190\. The fontanels close by what age and are replaced by? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 191\. What type of bone growth is due to division of cells (chondrocytes) in the epiphyseal plates? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 192\. At what age does longitudinal growth end for females? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ males? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 193\. What is the addition of new layers of bone on the surface of bones called (continues throughout life)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 194\. What produces a growth spurt due to elongation of long bones? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*What comprises most of the hydroxyapatite in bones? **[Calcium phosphate]** 195\. What is the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 196\. What is the decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen level after menopause? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 197\. What is a break in a bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 198\. The type of fracture where the break extends all the way across the bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 199\. The type of fracture where the break extends part way across the bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 200\. The type of fracture where the break is only in the bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 201\. The type of fracture where the broken bone protrudes through the skin? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 202\. The type of fracture where the broken ends are moved out of position? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 203\. The realignment of the broken ends of a bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 204\. The type of fracture where the bone bends on one side and breaks on the opposite side? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 205\. The type of fracture where the bone is broken into several pieces? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 206\. What is the study of the joints of the body called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 207\. The site where 2 or more bones meet permitting the movement of bones in the skeleton (also called articulations and arthroses? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 208\. What is the term for an immovable joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 209\. What type of tissue is between the surfaces of synarthrosis joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 210\. What type of joints are cranial sutures and sternocostal joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 211\. What is the term for a slightly movable joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 212\. What are examples of amphiarthroses joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 213\. What is the term for a freely movable (**[synovial]**) joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 214\. The structure of [synovial] ([diarthroses]) joints: \*1. **[Articular Cartilage -- covers surfaces]** \*2. **[Joint Cavity]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*3. **[Joint Capsule]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4\. \_**[Synovial Fluid]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 215\. Examples of diarthroses (synovial) joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 216\. Which joints permit only slipping and sliding movements; for example, between the carpal and tarsals? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 217\. Which joints permit only flexion and extension; for example, the elbow joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 218\. Which joints permit only rotation; for example, the atlas -- axis and proximal radioulnar joint? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 219\. Which type of joint is the most freely movable? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 220\. What are sacs lined by synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid to reduce friction around joints? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 221\. What is inflammation of the bursae? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 222\. What is the study of muscles? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 223\. What is the term for muscle cells? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 224\. Which type of muscles are voluntary and striated? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 225\. What type of muscle is connected by intercalated discs? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 226\. Which type of muscles are non-striated and involuntary? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 227\. What are the functions of muscles? 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 228\. Bundles of muscle (cells) fibers that comprise skeletal muscle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 229\. What is the fleshy part of the muscle that has the largest diameter? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 230\. What is the thick layer of white fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 231\. Tough fibrous connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 232\. What is the tough connective tissue around each fascicle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 233\. What is the tissue that connect a muscle to a bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 234\. What is a sheet of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 235\. What is a modified smooth ER that stores calcium needed for contraction? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 236\. What are the cylindrical organelles found in muscle tissue? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 237\. Muscle fibers contract together in groups called? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*A single motor neuron and several muscle fibers make up a **[motor unit]** \*Contractile structures within muscle cells: **[Muscle fibers]** 238\. What stimulates the muscle fibers within a motor unit? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_& \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 239\. What is one motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 240\. What is a jerky contraction in response to a single strong stimulus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 241\. What is the delay between the receiving of a nerve impulse and the beginning of the contraction? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 242\. Which part of a twitch contraction usually involves the muscle getting shorter? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 243\. Which part of a twitch contraction does the muscle return to its resting length? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 244\. What are the results of contraction of a muscle caused by alternation of motor units in the muscle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*245. What type of contraction is responsible for posture? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 246\. What is the term for the time during which a muscle cannot respond to another stimulus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 247\. What is the term for a contraction where there is partial or no relaxation? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 248\. What is the contraction where the tension on the muscle remains constant as the muscle shortens? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 249\. What is the contraction where the tension on a muscle increases while its length remains constant? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 250\. Characteristics used in naming muscles: 1\. Examples of muscles named according to shape? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_& \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. Examples of muscles named according to their location? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) 3\. Examples of muscles named according to their attachments? \*The more fixed or immovable attachment? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*The more movable attachment? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Example - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4\. Example of muscles named according to the direction of their fibers? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5\. Muscles named according to Size: Name that indicates a large muscle: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name that indicates a small muscle: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6\. Muscles named by the number of divisions: Biceps means: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Triceps means: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7\. Examples of muscles named according to whether they are superficial or deep: Deep: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Superficial: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 8\. What is an example of a muscle that is named by the type of action produced? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 251\. What is the muscle action that reduces the angle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 252\. What is the muscle action that increases the angle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 253\. What is the muscle action that moves a bone away from the midline? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 254\. What is the muscle action that moves a bone toward the midline? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 255\. What is the muscle action that turns the palm upward? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 256\. What is the muscle action that turns the palm downward? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 257\. What is the muscle action that turns the sole of the foot inward? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 258\. What is the contraction of a circular muscle (sphincter) closing a body opening? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 259\. What is the muscle actions that widens or opens a body orifice? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 260\. What is the raising of a body part? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 261\. What is the lowering of a body part? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 262\. The distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stationary? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 263\. A bone twists and pivots upon its axis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 264\. A muscle of the head that contains an aponeurosis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 265\. Muscles of mastication include: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 266\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a chewing muscle. 267\. Large muscle on the lateral cranium, extends from the temporal bone to the mandible? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 268\. The muscle located between the nose and the eyebrows? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 269\. The muscle that extends across the nasal bone and flares the nostrils? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 270\. Sphincter muscle that closes the eye / encircles the eye orbit? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 271\. The muscle that pulls the eyebrow downward and wrinkles the skin of the forehead as in f frowning? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 272\. What muscle raises the eyelid? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 273\. What sphincter muscle closes and puckers the lips? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 274\. What muscle raises the upper lip? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 275\. What muscle is between the cheek bones to the corner of the mouth and draws the mouth upward as in smiling? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 276\. What muscle is between the cheek bones (zygomatic) and the upper lip and pulls the lip upward and backward in sad facial expressions? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 277\. What major muscle compresses the cheeks? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 278\. What muscle pulls the angles of the mouth laterally? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 279\. Which muscle is involved in frowning? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 280\. Which muscle draws the lower lip downward? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 281\. Which muscle protrudes the lower lip? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 282\. Which muscle extends up each side of the neck (cylindrical muscle on each side of the neck)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*283. Which muscle is attached to the hyoid bone? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*The **[Temporal]** bone contains the auditory meatus. 284\. Which muscle is between the clavicle, mandible & lower lip producing an expression of horror? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 285\. What is the large muscle of the anterior chest? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 286\. Which muscles are used to inhale air? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 287\. Which muscles are used to exhale air? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 288\. The large muscle of the lower back that extends and adducts the humerus (arm)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 289\. What is the large muscle of the upper back (shrugs the shoulders)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 290\. What are the anteriolaterial muscles of the abdominal wall? \*1. **[External Oblique -- Outer Layer]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 291\. The muscle between the pubis and the xiphoid process? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 292\. The line of white fibrous connective tissue between the rectus abdominis muscles? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 293\. Which muscle is between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur that flexes the thigh? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 294\. The large muscle that contract during breathing? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 295\. What is the triangular muscle between the clavicle, scapula and the humerus: (extends across the shoulder to the arm)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 296\. Which muscle is between the scapula and the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 297\. Which muscle is the main flexor of the forearm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 298\. What assists the prime mover? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 299\. The muscle between the scapula and the humerus? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 300\. Located below the biceps brachii; between the humerus and the ulna; flexes the forearm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 301\. What is the action of the muscles of the posterior arm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 302\. Large muscle of the posterior arm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*The **[Humerus]** contains the trochlear notch 303\. What is the action of the muscles of the anterior forearm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 304\. Which muscle is located on the anteriomedial surface of the forearm? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 305\. Which muscle is just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 306\. Which muscle flexes the fingers? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 307\. [Large muscle of the anterior arm]; [extends from the lateral elbow to the wrist]? \_\_\_\***[Brachioradialis]**\_\_ 308\. Muscle located just medial to the brachioradialis? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 309\. Which muscle pronates the hand (turns the palm down)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 310\. Which muscle supinates the hand (turns palm upward)? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 311\. Muscles that move the hand backward? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 312\. Which muscle extend from the [lateral ilium to the proximal medial tibia]; [longest muscle in the body]? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 313\. Muscles that [extends the leg]; [located in the anterior thigh]? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 314\. Which muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 315\. Muscle that adducts the thigh? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 316\. What is the large muscle of the buttocks? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 317\. [Three muscles of the posterior thigh] that **[flex the leg]**? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1\. \_**[Biceps femoris]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_**[Semitendinous]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_**[Semimembranous]**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 318\. Which muscle of the anterior leg flexes the foot? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 319\. The large calf muscle? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 320\. Which muscle is located below the calf muscle but has the same action? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Anatomy Review \#2 Answer Key 1\. 206 2\. Ligaments 3\. Calcium salts 4\. Osteocytes 5\. Support and Protection 6\. Compact bone and Cancellous or Spongy bon 7\. Osteons 8\. Haversian canal 9\. Lamellae 10\. Lacunae 11\. Canaliculi 12\. Osteoid 13\. Trabeculae 14\. Red Bone Marrow & (Spongy bone) 15\. 1. Support 2\. Protection 3\. Movement -- sites of muscle attachment 4\. Hemopoiesis -- produces blood cells -- in the red bone marrow 5\. Storage 16\. Long bones 17\. a long bone 18\. Flat bones 19\. Flat bone 20\. Short bones 21\. Short bones 22\. Sesamoid bones 23\. Sesamoid bone 24\. Irregular bones 25\. Irregular bones 26\. Wormian bones 27\. Diaphysis 28\. Medullary cavity 29\. Endosteum 30\. Periosteum 31\. Epiphyses 32\. Articular cartilage 33\. Epiphyseal plate 34\. Crest 35\. Epicondyle 36\. Line 37\. Spine 38\. Trochanter 39\. Tubercle 40\. Tuberosity 41\. Condyle 42\. Facet 43\. Head 44\. Ramus 45\. Fissure 46\. Fossa 47\. Foramen 48\. Groove 49\. Meatus 50\. Sinus 51\. Appendicular & Axial 52\. 126 53\. 2 54\. 60 55\. 60 56\. 4 (2 scapula & 2 clavicles) 57\. Clavicles 58\. Scapula 59\. Acromion Process 60\. Coracoid Process 61\. Glenoid fossa (Cavity) 62\. Humerus 63\. Head 64\. Trochlea 65\. Capitulum 66\. Epicondyles 67\. Ulnar 68\. Olecranon Process 69\. Trochlear (Semilunar) Notch 70\. Head 71\. Styloid Process 72\. Radius 73\. Carpals 74\. 16 (8 in each hand) 75\. Metacarpals 76\. 10 (5 in each hand) 77\. Phalanges 78\. 3 in each finger; 2 in each thumb 79\. Os Coxa 80\. Ilium 81\. Crest 82\. Ischium 83\. Pubis 84\. Acetabulum 85\. Obturator foramen 86\. Femur 87\. Head of the femur 88\. Trocanters 89\. Condyles 90\. Patella 91\. Tibia 92\. Tibia 93\. Tibial tuberosity 94\. medial malleolus 95\. Fibula 96\. Tarsals 97\. Calcaneus 98\. Achilles 99\. Metatarsals 100\. 28, 2, 3 101\. 80 102\. 28 103\. 6 104\. 1 105\. 25 106\. 8 107\. Frontal bone 108\. Supraorbital margin 109\. Supercillary arch 110\. Glabella 111\. Frontal sinuses 112\. Parietals 113\. Temporals 114\. Squama 115\. External auditory meatus 116\. Mastoid 117\. Petrous portion 118\. Temporal (the socket is the Mandibular fossa) 119\. ethmoid, sphenoid, & zygomatic 120\. Carotid Canal (the opening is a foramen) 121\. Occipital 122\. Foramen Magnum 123\. Occipital Condyles 124\. Atlas 125\. External Occipital Protuberance 126\. Sphenoid 127\. Sella Turcica (Turk's Saddle) of the Sphenoid bone 128\. Ethmoid 129\. Crista galli (Cock's comb) 130\. Cribiform Plate 131\. Perpendicular Plate 132\. Calvaria 133\. eye orbits 134\. Nasal bones (2) 135\. Lacrimal bones 136\. Zygomatic bones 137\. Sagittal suture 138\. Coronal suture 139\. Squamosal sutures 140\. Lambdoidal suture 141\. Vomer 142\. Palatine bones 143\. Maxillae 144\. Palatine Processes 145\. Alveolar Processes 146\. Maxillary Sinuses 147\. Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, & Maxillae 148\. Mandible 149\. Body 150\. Ramus 151\. Temporal Bone 152\. Angle 153\. Temporal bone 154\. Auditory ossicles 155\. Malleus 156\. Incus 157\. Stapes 158\. Hyoid 159\. Vertebral Column 160\. 26 161\. Body 162\. Vertebral foramen 163\. Vertebral arch 164\. Transverse processes 165\. 7 166\. Axis 167\. Transverse Foramen 168\. Thoracic Vertebrae (12) 169\. Lumbar (5) 170\. Sacrum 171\. Coccyx (Tailbone) 172\. Sternum 173\. Manubrium 174\. Body (Gladiolus) 175\. Xyphoid process 176\. 24 (12 pair) 177\. True ribs (vertebrosternal) 178\. False ribs 179\. 2 pair (4) 180\. Osteoid 181\. Hydroxyapatites (calcium salts; calcium phosphate) 182\. Osteoblasts 183\. Osteoclasts 184\. Osteocytes 185\. Ossification (Osteogenesis) 186\. Intramembranous Ossification 187\. Endochondral Ossification 188\. Fontanels 189\. 6 190\. 18 mo. / sutures 191\. Longitudinal growth 192\. females 18; males 21 193\. Appositional growth 194\. Estrogen and testosterone 195\. Remodeling 196\. Osteoporosis 197\. Fracture 198\. Complete fracture 199\. Partial fracture 200\. Simple fracture 201\. Compound fracture 202\. Displaced fracture 203\. Reduction 204\. Greenstick fracture 205\. Comminuted fracture 206\. Arthrology 207\. Joint 208\. Synarthroses 209\. Cartilage 210\. Synarthroses 211\. Amphiarthroses 212\. pubic symphysis, sacroiliac articulation, intervertebral joints 213\. Diarthroses 214\. 1. Articular cartilage covers the surfaces 2\. the joint cavity is found between the articular surfaces 3\. has a joint capsule surrounding the surfaces 4\. synovial fluid lubricates the joint 215\. shoulder, elbow, and wrist 216\. Gliding joints 217\. Hinge joints 218\. Pivot joints 219\. Ball -- and -- Socket (shoulder and hip) 220\. Bursae 221\. Bursitis 222\. Myology 223\. Muscle fibersw 224\. Skeletal muscle 225\. Cardiac muscle 226\. Smooth muscle 227\. 1. Movement 2\. Production of heat -- shivering is a reflex that generates body heat 3\. Maintaining posture 4\. Stabilizing joints 228\. fascicles 229\. Belly 230\. Fascia 231\. Epimysium 232\. Perimysium 233\. Tendon 234\. Aponeurosis 235\. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 236\. Myofibrils 237\. Motor units 238\. A single motor neuron and several muscle fibers 239\. Motor unit 240\. Twitch contraction 241\. Latent period 242\. Contraction period 243\. Relaxation 244\. Tonic contraction 245\. Tonic contraction 246\. Refractory period of contraction 247\. Tetanic contractions 248\. Isotonic contractions 249\. Isometric contractions 250\. 1. Deltoid (triangular) & trapezius (trapezoid) 2\. Rectus abdominis (abdomen) 3\. Origin Insertion Sternocleidomastoid 4\. External Oblique (diagonal) 5\. Maximus or magnus Minimus 6\. two heads Three heads 7\. Internal oblique External oblique 8\. Flexor (producing flexion) 251\. Flexion 252\. Extension 253\. Abduction 254\. Adduction 255\. Supination 256\. Pronation 257\. Inversion 258\. Constriction 259\. Dilation (Dilatation) 260\. Elevation 261\. Depression 262\. Circumduction 263\. Rotation 264\. Occipitofrontalis 265\. Masseter, Lateral Pterygoid, Medial Pterygoid, Temporalis 266\. Masseter 267\. Temporalis 268\. Procerus 269\. Nasalis 270\. Obicularis Oculi 271\. Corrugator supercilli 272\. Levator palpebrae superioris 273\. Obicularis Oris 274\. Levator labia superioris 275\. Zygomaticus major 276\. Zygomaticus minor 277\. Buccinator 278\. Risorius 279\. Depressor Anguli Oris 280\. Depressor Labii Inferioris 281\. Mentalis 282\. Sternocleidomastoid 283\. Digastricus 284\. Platysma 285\. Pectoralis Major 286\. External Intercostals 287\. Internal Intercostals 288\. Latissimus Dorsi 289\. Trapezius 290\. 1. External Oblique (Outer Layer) 2\. Internal Oblique -- (Middle Layer) 3\. Transversus Abdominis (Inner Layer) 291\. Rectus Abdominis 292\. Linea Alba 293\. Psoas Major 294\. Diaphragm 295\. Deltoid 296\. Teres Major 297\. Biceps brachii 298\. Antagonist 299\. Coracobrachaialis 300\. Brachialis 301\. Extension of the forearm 302\. Triceps brachii 303\. Flex the hand and wrist 304\. Flexor carpi ulnaris 305\. Palmaris longus 306\. Flexor digitorium superficialis 307\. Brachioradialis 308\. Flexor carpi radialis 309\. Pronator teres 310\. Supinator 311\. Extensors (ex: extensor carpi ulnaris) 312\. Sartorius 313\. Quadriceps femoris 314\. Adductor longus 315\. Adductor magnus 316\. Gluteus maximus 317\. Hamstring muscles 1\. Biceps femoris 2\. Semitendinous 3\. Semimembranous 318\. Tibialis anterior 319\. Gastrocnemius 320\. Soleus.