The Skeletal System Overview
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The Skeletal System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the bones of the fingers and toes called?

  • Tarsals
  • Phalanges (correct)
  • Carpals
  • Metatarsals

    • How many bones are in each finger?

  • 3 (correct)
  • 4
  • 2
  • 5

    • What is the large hip bone called?

  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Pelvis (correct)
  • Femur

    • What articulates with the tibia forming the knee joint?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the kneecap called?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones make up the skull?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heel bone is known as what?

    <p>Calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prominence just below the knee called?

    <p>Tibial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen level after menopause?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a term used to describe a break in a bone?

    <p>Fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture extends all the way across the bone?

    <p>Complete fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture occurs where the break is only in the outer layer of the bone?

    <p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call a fracture where the broken bone protrudes through the skin?

    <p>Compound fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the realignment of the broken ends of a bone?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is immovable?

    <p>Synarthrosis joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture involves the bone being broken into several pieces?

    <p>Comminuted fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones make up the pectoral girdle?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long curved bones at the base of the neck called?

    <p>Clavicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the shoulder blades?

    <p>Scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint?

    <p>Capitulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medial bone of the forearm?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?

    <p>Trochlear notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones comprise the carpals?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long bones of the arms called?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the large muscle that contracts during breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts as the main flexor of the forearm?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers?

    <p>Flexor digitorum superficialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the triangular muscle located between the clavicle, scapula, and humerus?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is located just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris?

    <p>Flexor carpi radialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur that flexes the thigh?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists the prime mover in muscle actions?

    <p>Synergists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle pronates the hand (turns the palm down)?

    <p>Pronator teres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found at the proximal end of the femur?

    <p>Head of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of carpal bones in a human hand?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones comprises the elbow joint?

    <p>Humerus, Radius, and Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is located at the distal end of the tibia?

    <p>Medial malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the vertebral column?

    <p>It contains 26 individual vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone structure serves as the connection point for the clavicle and scapula?

    <p>Acromion process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the foramen in bones?

    <p>To serve as passageways for nerves and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not a component of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Skeletal System

    • Pectoral Girdle: Comprised of 4 bones: 2 scapulas and 2 clavicles.
    • Clavicle: Long, curved bones found at the base of the neck.
    • Scapula: Flat bones located on the posterior thorax (shoulder blades).
    • Acromion Process: Superior lateral process that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
    • Coracoid Process: Superior anterior process for muscle attachment.
    • Glenoid Fossa: Depression (socket) that forms the shoulder joint; articulates with the head of the humerus.
    • Humerus: Long bone of the arm.
    • Head of the Humerus: Rounded proximal end of the humerus, articulates with the glenoid fossa.
    • Trochlea: Medial pulley-shaped condyle that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna, forming a major part of the elbow joint.
    • Capitulum: Articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint.
    • Epicondyles: Medial and lateral eminences located above the 2 condyles at the distal end of the humerus.
    • Ulnar: Medial bone of the forearm; largest bone of the forearm.
    • Olecranon Process: Tip of the elbow, also known as the funny bone.
    • Trochlear (Semilunar) Notch: Depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
    • Head of the Ulna: Rounded distal end of the ulna.
    • Styloid Process: Thin posterior process located on the distal end of the ulna.
    • Radius: Lateral bone of the forearm; head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.
    • Carpals: Short bones that comprise the wrist; 8 bones total (4 in each hand).
    • Metacarpals: Long bones of the palm and back of the hand; 5 in each hand.
    • Phalanges: Bones of the fingers and toes.
    • Fingers: Each finger contains 3 phalanges; each thumb contains 2 phalanges.
    • Os Coxa: The large hip bone.
    • Ilium: Superior portion of the pelvic girdle; top of the hip is called the crest.
    • Ischium: Posterior portion of the hip bone; where one sits.
    • Pubis: Anterior portion of the pelvic girdle.
    • Acetabulum: Socket of the hip joint.
    • Obturator Foramen: Largest foramen in the body.
    • Femur: Largest bone of the thigh.
    • Head of the Femur: Portion that fits into the acetabulum (socket of the hip).
    • Trocanters: Large, blunt processes on the proximal end of the femur.
    • Condyles of the Femur: Articulate with the tibia, forming the knee joint.
    • Patella: Kneecap.
    • Tibia: Medial bone of the leg; articulates with the femur to form the knee joint.
    • Tibial Tuberosity: Prominence just below the knee.
    • Medial Malleolus: Inner ankle.
    • Fibula: Smaller, lateral bone of the leg.
    • Tarsals: Short bones of the ankle.
    • Calcaneus: Heel bone.
    • Achilles Tendon: Tendon that attaches to the heel bone.
    • Metatarsals: Long bones of the foot; 5 in each.
    • Phalanges of the Feet: Total of 28, 2 in the big toe, and 3 in each of the other toes.

    Additional Notes:

    • Body: The main part of a bone
    • Ramus: A branch of a bone
    • Fissure: A narrow cleft or groove
    • Fossa: A shallow depression
    • Foramen: An opening through a bone
    • Groove: A furrow or channel
    • Meatus: A tube-like passageway
    • Sinus: An air-filled cavity within a bone

    Skeletal System Divisions

    • Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
    • Axial Skeleton: Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
    • Total Bone Count: The human skeleton has 206 bones.
    • Auditory Ossicles: (3) Three small bones in each ear (6 total), responsible for hearing.
    • Hyoid Bone: A single bone located in the neck beneath the tongue, essential for speech.
    • Chest Bones: 25 bones comprise the bony chest, including the sternum and ribs.

    Bone Disorders

    • Osteoporosis: Decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen levels after menopause.
    • Fracture: A break in a bone.
    • Complete Fracture: Break extends all the way across the bone.
    • Incomplete Fracture: Break extends partway across the bone.
    • Greenstick Fracture: Bone bends on one side and breaks on the opposite side.
    • Comminuted Fracture: Bone is broken into several pieces.
    • Open (Compound) Fracture: Broken bone protrudes through the skin.
    • Displaced Fracture: Broken bone ends are moved out of position.
    • Reduction: Realignment of broken bone ends.

    Joint Functions

    • Arthrology: The study of the joints of the body.

    • Joint: The site where two or more bones meet, permitting the movement of bones in the skeleton. Also known as articulations and arthroses.

    • Synarthrosis: Immovable joint.

    • Fibrous Connective Tissue: Connects the surfaces of synarthrosis joints.

    • Cranial Sutures & Sternocostal Joints: Examples of synarthrosis joints.

    • Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joint.

    • Examples of Amphiarthrosis Joints: Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

    • Diarthrosis (Synovial Joint): Freely movable joint; characterized by:

      • Articular Cartilage: Covers the surfaces of the bones.
      • Joint Cavity: Space between the bones filled with synovial fluid.
      • Joint Capsule: Fibrous connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity.

    Muscles

    • Linea Alba: The line of white fibrous connective tissue between the rectus abdominis muscles.
    • Iliopsoas Muscle: Located between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur; flexes the thigh.
    • Diaphragm: Large muscle that contracts during breathing.
    • Deltoid Muscle: Triangular muscle between the clavicle, scapula, and humerus; extends across the shoulder to the arm.
    • Supraspinatus Muscle Located between the scapula and humerus.
    • Biceps Brachii Muscle: Main flexor of the forearm.
    • Synergist: Assists the prime mover.
    • Infraspinatus Muscle: Located between the scapula and humerus.
    • Brachialis Muscle: Muscle located below the biceps brachii; between the humerus and the ulna; flexes the forearm.
    • Triceps Brachii: Large muscle of the posterior arm; extends the forearm.
    • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle: Located on the anteriomedial surface of the forearm.
    • Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle: Located just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris.
    • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle: Flexes the fingers.
    • Brachioradialis Muscle: Large muscle of the anterior arm; extends from the lateral elbow to the wrist.
    • Pronator Teres Muscle: Muscle located just medial to the brachioradialis.
    • Pronator Quadratas Muscle: Pronates the hand (turns the palm down).

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    Anatomy Review #2 PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate details of the skeletal system, focusing on the pectoral girdle and major arm bones. This quiz covers essential structures such as the scapula, clavicle, humerus, and their articulations. Test your knowledge and understanding of bone anatomy in this engaging quiz.

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