Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the bones of the fingers and toes called?
What are the bones of the fingers and toes called?
How many bones are in each finger?
How many bones are in each finger?
What is the large hip bone called?
What is the large hip bone called?
What articulates with the tibia forming the knee joint?
What articulates with the tibia forming the knee joint?
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What is the kneecap called?
What is the kneecap called?
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How many bones make up the skull?
How many bones make up the skull?
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The heel bone is known as what?
The heel bone is known as what?
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What is the prominence just below the knee called?
What is the prominence just below the knee called?
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What is the decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen level after menopause?
What is the decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen level after menopause?
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What is a term used to describe a break in a bone?
What is a term used to describe a break in a bone?
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Which type of fracture extends all the way across the bone?
Which type of fracture extends all the way across the bone?
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Which type of fracture occurs where the break is only in the outer layer of the bone?
Which type of fracture occurs where the break is only in the outer layer of the bone?
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What do you call a fracture where the broken bone protrudes through the skin?
What do you call a fracture where the broken bone protrudes through the skin?
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What is the term used for the realignment of the broken ends of a bone?
What is the term used for the realignment of the broken ends of a bone?
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What type of joint is immovable?
What type of joint is immovable?
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Which type of fracture involves the bone being broken into several pieces?
Which type of fracture involves the bone being broken into several pieces?
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How many bones make up the pectoral girdle?
How many bones make up the pectoral girdle?
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What are the long curved bones at the base of the neck called?
What are the long curved bones at the base of the neck called?
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What is the name for the shoulder blades?
What is the name for the shoulder blades?
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What articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
What articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
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What is the medial bone of the forearm?
What is the medial bone of the forearm?
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What is the depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?
What is the depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?
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How many bones comprise the carpals?
How many bones comprise the carpals?
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What are the long bones of the arms called?
What are the long bones of the arms called?
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What is the large muscle that contracts during breathing?
What is the large muscle that contracts during breathing?
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Which muscle acts as the main flexor of the forearm?
Which muscle acts as the main flexor of the forearm?
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Which muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers?
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What is the triangular muscle located between the clavicle, scapula, and humerus?
What is the triangular muscle located between the clavicle, scapula, and humerus?
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Which muscle is located just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Which muscle is located just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris?
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Which muscle is between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur that flexes the thigh?
Which muscle is between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur that flexes the thigh?
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What assists the prime mover in muscle actions?
What assists the prime mover in muscle actions?
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Which muscle pronates the hand (turns the palm down)?
Which muscle pronates the hand (turns the palm down)?
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Which structure is found at the proximal end of the femur?
Which structure is found at the proximal end of the femur?
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What is the total number of carpal bones in a human hand?
What is the total number of carpal bones in a human hand?
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Which of the following bones comprises the elbow joint?
Which of the following bones comprises the elbow joint?
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What feature is located at the distal end of the tibia?
What feature is located at the distal end of the tibia?
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Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the vertebral column?
Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the vertebral column?
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Which bone structure serves as the connection point for the clavicle and scapula?
Which bone structure serves as the connection point for the clavicle and scapula?
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What is the primary function of the foramen in bones?
What is the primary function of the foramen in bones?
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Which of these is not a component of the pelvic girdle?
Which of these is not a component of the pelvic girdle?
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System
- Pectoral Girdle: Comprised of 4 bones: 2 scapulas and 2 clavicles.
- Clavicle: Long, curved bones found at the base of the neck.
- Scapula: Flat bones located on the posterior thorax (shoulder blades).
- Acromion Process: Superior lateral process that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
- Coracoid Process: Superior anterior process for muscle attachment.
- Glenoid Fossa: Depression (socket) that forms the shoulder joint; articulates with the head of the humerus.
- Humerus: Long bone of the arm.
- Head of the Humerus: Rounded proximal end of the humerus, articulates with the glenoid fossa.
- Trochlea: Medial pulley-shaped condyle that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna, forming a major part of the elbow joint.
- Capitulum: Articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint.
- Epicondyles: Medial and lateral eminences located above the 2 condyles at the distal end of the humerus.
- Ulnar: Medial bone of the forearm; largest bone of the forearm.
- Olecranon Process: Tip of the elbow, also known as the funny bone.
- Trochlear (Semilunar) Notch: Depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
- Head of the Ulna: Rounded distal end of the ulna.
- Styloid Process: Thin posterior process located on the distal end of the ulna.
- Radius: Lateral bone of the forearm; head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.
- Carpals: Short bones that comprise the wrist; 8 bones total (4 in each hand).
- Metacarpals: Long bones of the palm and back of the hand; 5 in each hand.
- Phalanges: Bones of the fingers and toes.
- Fingers: Each finger contains 3 phalanges; each thumb contains 2 phalanges.
- Os Coxa: The large hip bone.
- Ilium: Superior portion of the pelvic girdle; top of the hip is called the crest.
- Ischium: Posterior portion of the hip bone; where one sits.
- Pubis: Anterior portion of the pelvic girdle.
- Acetabulum: Socket of the hip joint.
- Obturator Foramen: Largest foramen in the body.
- Femur: Largest bone of the thigh.
- Head of the Femur: Portion that fits into the acetabulum (socket of the hip).
- Trocanters: Large, blunt processes on the proximal end of the femur.
- Condyles of the Femur: Articulate with the tibia, forming the knee joint.
- Patella: Kneecap.
- Tibia: Medial bone of the leg; articulates with the femur to form the knee joint.
- Tibial Tuberosity: Prominence just below the knee.
- Medial Malleolus: Inner ankle.
- Fibula: Smaller, lateral bone of the leg.
- Tarsals: Short bones of the ankle.
- Calcaneus: Heel bone.
- Achilles Tendon: Tendon that attaches to the heel bone.
- Metatarsals: Long bones of the foot; 5 in each.
- Phalanges of the Feet: Total of 28, 2 in the big toe, and 3 in each of the other toes.
Additional Notes:
- Body: The main part of a bone
- Ramus: A branch of a bone
- Fissure: A narrow cleft or groove
- Fossa: A shallow depression
- Foramen: An opening through a bone
- Groove: A furrow or channel
- Meatus: A tube-like passageway
- Sinus: An air-filled cavity within a bone
Skeletal System Divisions
- Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
- Axial Skeleton: Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
- Total Bone Count: The human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Auditory Ossicles: (3) Three small bones in each ear (6 total), responsible for hearing.
- Hyoid Bone: A single bone located in the neck beneath the tongue, essential for speech.
- Chest Bones: 25 bones comprise the bony chest, including the sternum and ribs.
Bone Disorders
- Osteoporosis: Decreased bone mass often due to low estrogen levels after menopause.
- Fracture: A break in a bone.
- Complete Fracture: Break extends all the way across the bone.
- Incomplete Fracture: Break extends partway across the bone.
- Greenstick Fracture: Bone bends on one side and breaks on the opposite side.
- Comminuted Fracture: Bone is broken into several pieces.
- Open (Compound) Fracture: Broken bone protrudes through the skin.
- Displaced Fracture: Broken bone ends are moved out of position.
- Reduction: Realignment of broken bone ends.
Joint Functions
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Arthrology: The study of the joints of the body.
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Joint: The site where two or more bones meet, permitting the movement of bones in the skeleton. Also known as articulations and arthroses.
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Synarthrosis: Immovable joint.
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Fibrous Connective Tissue: Connects the surfaces of synarthrosis joints.
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Cranial Sutures & Sternocostal Joints: Examples of synarthrosis joints.
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Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joint.
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Examples of Amphiarthrosis Joints: Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.
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Diarthrosis (Synovial Joint): Freely movable joint; characterized by:
- Articular Cartilage: Covers the surfaces of the bones.
- Joint Cavity: Space between the bones filled with synovial fluid.
- Joint Capsule: Fibrous connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity.
Muscles
- Linea Alba: The line of white fibrous connective tissue between the rectus abdominis muscles.
- Iliopsoas Muscle: Located between the lumbar vertebrae and the femur; flexes the thigh.
- Diaphragm: Large muscle that contracts during breathing.
- Deltoid Muscle: Triangular muscle between the clavicle, scapula, and humerus; extends across the shoulder to the arm.
- Supraspinatus Muscle Located between the scapula and humerus.
- Biceps Brachii Muscle: Main flexor of the forearm.
- Synergist: Assists the prime mover.
- Infraspinatus Muscle: Located between the scapula and humerus.
- Brachialis Muscle: Muscle located below the biceps brachii; between the humerus and the ulna; flexes the forearm.
- Triceps Brachii: Large muscle of the posterior arm; extends the forearm.
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle: Located on the anteriomedial surface of the forearm.
- Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle: Located just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris.
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle: Flexes the fingers.
- Brachioradialis Muscle: Large muscle of the anterior arm; extends from the lateral elbow to the wrist.
- Pronator Teres Muscle: Muscle located just medial to the brachioradialis.
- Pronator Quadratas Muscle: Pronates the hand (turns the palm down).
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the skeletal system, focusing on the pectoral girdle and major arm bones. This quiz covers essential structures such as the scapula, clavicle, humerus, and their articulations. Test your knowledge and understanding of bone anatomy in this engaging quiz.
