Anatomy Questions Head & Neck - PDF

Clinical Case: A patient with severe facial pain is diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. The nerve involved passes through which fossa? A. Temporal fossa B. Infratemporal fossa C. Pterygopalatine fossa D. Submandibular fossa Correct Answer: B Q4. Which layer of the scalp contains the blood ve...

Clinical Case: A patient with severe facial pain is diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. The nerve involved passes through which fossa? A. Temporal fossa B. Infratemporal fossa C. Pterygopalatine fossa D. Submandibular fossa Correct Answer: B Q4. Which layer of the scalp contains the blood vessels and nerves? A. Skin B. Connective tissue C. Aponeurosis D. Loose areolar tissue Correct Answer: B 1\. Cranial Nerves Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing. On examination, there is loss of sensation in the pharynx and impaired gag reflex. Which cranial nerve is likely affected? A. Vagus nerve (CN X) B. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D. Facial nerve (CN VII) Correct Answer: B Clinical Scenario: A patient exhibits facial asymmetry, inability to close the eye on one side, and drooping of the corner of the mouth. These findings suggest damage to which nerve? A. Trigeminal nerve (CN V) B. Facial nerve (CN VII) C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D. Vagus nerve (CN X) Correct Answer: B 2\. Temporomandibular Joint and Muscles of Mastication Clinical Scenario: A patient complains of pain and clicking sounds in the temporomandibular joint during jaw movements. Which muscle is most likely involved in the disorder? A. Masseter B. Temporalis C. Lateral pterygoid D. Medial pterygoid Correct Answer: C Q1. The movements of the temporomandibular joint include all EXCEPT: A. Protrusion B. Retraction C. Flexion D. Depression Correct Answer: C 3\. Pharyngeal Apparatus Clinical Scenario: A neonate presents with a midline neck swelling that moves with swallowing. This condition is most likely related to which embryological structure? A. Second pharyngeal pouch B. Thyroglossal duct C. First pharyngeal arch D. Fourth pharyngeal cleft Correct Answer: B Clinical Scenario: A patient with a lateral neck mass anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle is diagnosed with a branchial cyst. This anomaly is due to incomplete obliteration of which structure? A. First pharyngeal pouch B. Second pharyngeal cleft C. Third pharyngeal pouch D. Fourth pharyngeal cleft Correct Answer: B 4\. Face and its Neurovascular Supply Clinical Scenario: A patient undergoes surgery for parotid gland tumor. Post-operatively, they are unable to smile symmetrically. Which nerve was likely injured? A. Trigeminal nerve B. Facial nerve C. Glossopharyngeal nerve D. Hypoglossal nerve Correct Answer: B Q1. The artery that primarily supplies the face is the: A. Facial artery B. Maxillary artery C. External carotid artery D. Superficial temporal artery Correct Answer: A 5\. Orbit and Extraocular Muscles Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with diplopia and inability to abduct their right eye. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged? A. Oculomotor nerve (CN III) B. Trochlear nerve (CN IV) C. Abducens nerve (CN VI) D. Optic nerve (CN II) Correct Answer: C Clinical Scenario: A patient with ptosis, a dilated pupil, and a downward-and-outward gaze is diagnosed with damage to which cranial nerve? A. CN II B. CN III C. CN IV D. CN VI Correct Answer: B 6\. Development of Face Clinical Scenario: A neonate is diagnosed with unilateral cleft lip. This condition arises due to failure of fusion between which two structures? A. Maxillary and mandibular prominences B. Maxillary and medial nasal prominences C. Lateral nasal and medial nasal prominences D. Lateral nasal and maxillary prominences Correct Answer: B Q1. The philtrum of the upper lip is formed by the: A. Lateral nasal prominence B. Medial nasal prominence C. Maxillary prominence D. Mandibular prominence Correct Answer: B 7\. Salivary Glands Clinical Scenario: A patient with a history of recurrent parotitis presents with pain and swelling over the parotid region. Examination shows a stone in the duct. Which duct is affected? A. Stensen's duct B. Wharton's duct C. Rivinus duct D. Bartholin's duct Correct Answer: A Clinical Scenario: A tumor in the submandibular gland causes swelling in the floor of the mouth. Which nerve is at risk during surgery for excision of this gland? A. Lingual nerve B. Hypoglossal nerve C. Mandibular nerve D. Facial nerve Correct Answer: A 8\. Thyroid Gland and Development Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with a midline swelling in the neck that moves upward on swallowing. Ultrasound confirms a thyroglossal cyst. From which embryological structure does this arise? A. Second pharyngeal pouch B. Thyroglossal duct C. Foramen cecum D. Ultimobranchial body Correct Answer: B Q1. The thyroid gland develops from which embryological germ layer? A. Ectoderm B. Mesoderm C. Endoderm D. Neural crest cells Correct Answer: C 9\. Triangles of the Neck Clinical Scenario: A trauma patient has a stab wound in the posterior triangle of the neck. Which structure is most likely injured? A. Subclavian artery B. Brachial plexus C. Common carotid artery D. Internal jugular vein Correct Answer: B Q1. The carotid sheath contains all EXCEPT: A. Common carotid artery B. Internal jugular vein C. Vagus nerve D. Phrenic nerve Correct Answer: D 10\. Clinical Integration Questions Clinical Scenario: A patient with advanced oral carcinoma has metastasis to the neck nodes. Which group of lymph nodes is most likely involved first? A. Deep cervical nodes B. Submandibular nodes C. Submental nodes D. Occipital nodes Correct Answer: A Clinical Scenario: A patient has difficulty swallowing, and imaging shows compression of the esophagus by an enlarged thyroid gland. Which anatomical structure is at risk during thyroidectomy? A. Recurrent laryngeal nerve B. Internal carotid artery C. External jugular vein D. Hypoglossal nerve Correct Answer: A 1\. Oral Cavity and Muscles Clinical Scenario: A patient complains of difficulty in chewing and speaking. On examination, there is atrophy of the tongue muscle on one side. Which muscle is most likely affected? A. Genioglossus B. Hyoglossus C. Styloglossus D. Palatoglossus Correct Answer: A Q1. The mucosa of the oral cavity is lined by: A. Simple columnar epithelium B. Stratified squamous epithelium C. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium D. Transitional epithelium Correct Answer: B 2\. External Ear and Middle Ear Clinical Scenario: A patient complains of earache, fever, and hearing loss. Otoscopic examination reveals a bulging tympanic membrane with signs of infection. Which condition is most likely? A. Otitis externa B. Otitis media C. Tympanic membrane perforation D. Acoustic neuroma Correct Answer: B Q1. The stapedius muscle, which dampens loud sounds, is innervated by: A. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) B. Vagus nerve (CN X) C. Facial nerve (CN VII) D. Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Correct Answer: C 3\. Scalp and Neurovascular Supply Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with a scalp laceration. You notice that the bleeding is profuse, despite the wound not being very large. What is the most likely reason for the excessive bleeding? A. Scalp is highly vascularized B. Veins in the scalp lack valves C. The arteries are fixed and do not constrict D. The scalp is poorly innervated Correct Answer: A Q1. The primary artery supplying the scalp is the: A. Superficial temporal artery B. Occipital artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery Correct Answer: A 4\. Pharyngeal Apparatus and Development Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with a cleft palate and bifid uvula. Which embryological structure failed to fuse properly during development? A. Lateral nasal processes B. Medial nasal processes C. Palatine shelves D. Maxillary processes Correct Answer: C Q1. The pharyngeal arches develop into all of the following EXCEPT: A. Muscles of facial expression B. Bones of the middle ear C. Muscles of mastication D. Muscles of the tongue Correct Answer: D 5\. Paranasal Sinuses and Nose Clinical Scenario: A patient with chronic sinusitis presents with pain over the cheek and nasal congestion. Radiographic imaging reveals an enlarged maxillary sinus. Which structure is at risk due to its proximity to the maxillary sinus? A. Nasolacrimal duct B. Inferior alveolar nerve C. Facial nerve D. Internal carotid artery Correct Answer: B Q1. The anastomoses at Little\'s area in the nasal cavity are clinically significant because they: A. Provide collateral circulation in cases of nasal congestion B. Facilitate drainage of the lacrimal fluid C. Are involved in olfaction D. Drain the paranasal sinuses Correct Answer: A 6\. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with a history of jaw clicking and pain while chewing. The clicking occurs when the jaw is moved in the lateral direction. Which muscle is most likely involved? A. Masseter B. Lateral pterygoid C. Temporalis D. Medial pterygoid Correct Answer: B Q1. The disc of the temporomandibular joint is stabilized by: A. Stylomandibular ligament B. Sphenomandibular ligament C. Lateral ligament D. Temporomandibular ligament Correct Answer: C 7\. Larynx and Voice Clinical Scenario: A patient with a history of chronic smoking presents with hoarseness and difficulty speaking. Laryngoscopy shows lesions on the vocal cords. Which nerve is responsible for innervating the vocal cords? A. Vagus nerve (CN X) B. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D. Accessory nerve (CN XI) Correct Answer: A Q1. The cricothyroid muscle, which alters tension of the vocal cords, is innervated by: A. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve C. Vagus nerve (CN X) D. Glossopharyngeal nerve Correct Answer: A 8\. TMJ and Muscles of Mastication Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with difficulty chewing and pain in the jaw. MRI reveals a displaced disc in the temporomandibular joint. Which muscle action is most likely compromised? A. Elevation of the mandible B. Protrusion of the mandible C. Depression of the mandible D. Lateral movement of the mandible Correct Answer: B Q1. The primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is: A. Elevation of the mandible B. Retraction of the mandible C. Protrusion of the mandible D. Depression of the mandible Correct Answer: C 9\. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Clinical Scenario: A patient with a history of neck surgery presents with symptoms of hypocalcemia, including tingling and muscle spasms. Which gland is most likely to have been injured during surgery? A. Thyroid gland B. Parathyroid gland C. Pituitary gland D. Adrenal gland Correct Answer: B Q1. The parathyroid glands develop from: A. First pharyngeal pouch B. Third and fourth pharyngeal pouches C. Thyroglossal duct D. Neural crest cells Correct Answer: B 10\. Cervical Vertebrae and Neck Muscles Clinical Scenario: A patient presents with restricted neck movement following trauma. Imaging reveals a fracture of the cervical vertebra. Which feature is characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra? A. Bifid spinous process B. Large body C. Short transverse process D. No transverse foramen Correct Answer: A Q1. The anterior scalene muscle attaches to the: A. First rib B. Second rib C. Clavicle D. Manubrium Correct Answer: A