Anatomy And Physiology Past Paper PDF

**ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY** 1\. The three articular surface of the calcaneus that joins with the talus: 1. Anterior facet 2. Lateral facet 3. Posterior facet a. 1 and 3 only b. **1 and 2 only** c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3 2. Which of the following states the correct rotator cuff mu...

**ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY** 1\. The three articular surface of the calcaneus that joins with the talus: 1. Anterior facet 2. Lateral facet 3. Posterior facet a. 1 and 3 only b. **1 and 2 only** c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3 2. Which of the following states the correct rotator cuff muscles insertion to the humerus? 1. Supraspinatus muscle is inserted to the anterior impressions of the greater tubercle 2. Teres Minor is inserted to the Posterior impression of the greater tubercle 3. Subscapularis is inserted to the lesser tubercle a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. **1, 2 and 3** 3. Which of the following correctly describe lamboidal suture? a. **The joint between the parietal bones and occipital bone** b. Located on the top of the head between two parietal bones and just behind the coronal suture c. The junction of the coronal and sagittal suture d. The joint between the temporal bones and the parietal bones 4. A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left? e. Longitudinal plane f. **Sagittal plane** g. Median plane h. Frontal plane 5. The total lung capacity in healthy adult male is approximately: i. 500 ml j. 5000 ml k. 6000 ml l. 6000 L 6. The three fat pad of associated to the elbow are: 1\. Pronator fat pad 2\. Supinator fat pad 3\. Posterior fat pad a\. 1 and 2 only b\. 1 and 3 only **c. 2 and 3 only** d\. 1, 2 and 3 7. Which of the following is NOT a branch of the right coronary artery? a. Right marginal b. Posterior interventricular c. AV nodal d. **Circumflex** 8. Which of the following may compress the esophagus? e. **Aortic arch** f. Right main bronchus g. Left vagus h. Right brachiocephalic vein 9. The precise site of gas exchange within the lungs occurs at: a. At nasal mucosa b. The bronchi c. The bronchioles d. **The alveoli** 10. Approximately. What is the maximum capacity of the gallbladder in storing bile? a. 10 ml b. **30 ml** c. 50 ml d. 70 ml 11. Approximately. What is the volume of infiltrate entering the glomerular capsule each day? a. 80 L b. 130 L c. **180 L** d. 230 L 12. Which of the following acts as filtration apparatus of the kidneys? a. The descending loop of henle b. **The glomerular capsule** c. The collecting dust d. The renal pelvis 13. The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of the a\. left pulmonary artery. b\. right pulmonary artery. **c. left coronary artery.** d\. right coronary artery. 14. During the period of ejection in the cardiac cycle, the atrioventricular valves are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the semilunar valves are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. closed, closed **b. closed, open** c\. open, closed d\. open, open 15. Arrange the following structures in the correct order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi: 1\. alveolar duct 2\. alveolus 3\. respiratory bronchiole 4\. terminal bronchiole a\. 1,2,3,4 b\. 2,3,4,1 **c. 3,4,1,2** d\. 3,1,2,4 16. The three connective tissue membranes covering and protecting CNS structures are collectively known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. **meninges** b\. dura mater c\. pia mater d\. arachnoid 17. What structure detects the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints? a\. proprioceptors b\. heat receptors c\. pain receptors d\. **pressure receptors** 18. In a typical long bone, spongy bone is found in the a\. **diaphysis** b\. epiphyses c\. periosteum d\. Medullary cavity 19. Name the canals that, in dense bone, are the communication from the outside of the bone to its interior central canals. a\. Haversian canals b\. **Volkmann\'s (perforating) canals** c\. Canaliculi d\. Concentric canals 20. Which one of the following substances does not normally pass through the glomerular capsule? a. **Albumin** b. Glucose c. Urea d. Sodium 21. The serous membrane on the surface of the lungs is called a\. parietal pericardium. b\. visceral pericardium. c\. parietal pleura. **d. visceral pleura.** 22. Which of these structures deliver(s) blood to the left atrium? a\. coronary sinus b\. aorta **d. pulmonary veins** e\. pulmonary arteries 23. It refers to any space within the body that helps protects, separates, and support organs. A. Planes and sections B. Directional terms C. **Body cavities** D. Body positions 24. Which of the following structures is located in the posterior mediastinum? m. Lungs n. Azygos vein o. Superior vena cava p. **Right coronary artery** 25. Which of the following structures is often referred to as the "abdominal policeman"? q. hepatoduodenal ligament r. gastrohepatic ligament s. **greater omentum** t. falciform ligament 26. The duodenojejunal junction is supported by the attachment of which of the following structures? u. **ligament of Treitz** v. falciform ligament w. hepatoduodenal ligament x. greater omentum 27. The main pancreatic duct and the bile duct unite to form which of the following structures? y. common bile duct z. hepatic duct a. accessory pancreatic duct b. **hepatopancreatic ampulla** 28. All of the following statements concerning the renal hilum are correct EXCEPT: c. the renal vein is anterior to the renal artery d. the renal artery is anterior to the renal pelvis e. \`it is located on the concave medial margin of the kidney f. **it contains the renal pyramids** 29. Which of the following muscles is considered to be the chief muscle of inspiration? g. internal intercostal h. external intercostal i. **diaphragm** j. sternocleidomastoid 30. The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta occurs at the level of which of the following structures? k. **crest of the ilium** l. inguinal ligament m. symphysis pubis n. obturator foramen 31. Digestion occurs mainly in which of the following structures? o. cecum and ascending colon p. transverse colon q. **stomach and duodenum** r. jejunum and ileum 32. Most reabsorption of water occurs in which of the following structures? s. Stomach t. Jejunum u. Sigmoid colon v. **Ascending colon** 33. All of the following structures provide boundaries for the pelvic inlet EXCEPT w. **Inferior ramus of the pubis** x. Sacral promontory y. Anterior border of the ala of the sacrum z. arcuate line of the ilium 34. The oocytes expelled from the ovaries usually are fertilized in which of the following areas of the uterine tubes? a. Infundibulum b. **Ampulla** c. Isthmus d. Fimbriae 35. Which of the following parts of the uterus protrudes into the uppermost vagina? e. Round ligament f. Fundus g. Isthmus h. **Cervix** 36. Which of the following structures is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system? i. Testes j. Seminal vesicles k. **Prostate** l. Bulbourethral glands 37. Which of the following statements correctly applies to genu valgum? m. The tibia is diverted medially. n. **The tibia is diverted laterally.** o. The medial side of the knee takes all the pressure. p. This deformity causes wear and tear of the medial meniscus. 38. Which of the following major joints is the most frequently injured? q. Shoulder r. Hip s. Knee t. **Ankle** 39. Which of the following is a separate bone? u. superior nasal concha v. middle nasal concha w. **inferior nasal concha** x. Crista galli 40. Which of the following best describes the landmark known as lambda? y. **point on calvaria at junction of sagittal and lambdoid sutures** z. point on calvaria at junction of sagittal and coronal sutures a. junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bones b. star-shaped landmark at junction of parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lambdoid sutures 41. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra? c. The body is small and wider from side to side than anteroposteriorly. d. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular. e. The transverse processes contain transverse foramina. f. **The articular processes contain superior facets directed inferoanteriorly.** 42. Which of the following is true regarding the intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae? g. Its annulus fibrosus is composed of concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage. h. It does not contain a nucleus pulposus as other intervertebral discs do. i. It is thicker than other intervertebral discs. j. **There is no intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae.** 43. The vertebral column does all of the following, *except:* k. protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves l. support the weight of the body m. play an important role in posture and locomotion n. **form the main part of the appendicular skeleton** 44. Which of the following statements is correct? o. The spinal cord is enlarged in the thoracic region for innervation of the upper limbs. p. **The spinal cord is enlarged in the lumbosacral region for innervation of the lower limbs.** q. In embryos, the spinal cord occupies only the superior two-thirds of the vertebral canal. r. In adults, the spinal cord occupies the full length of the vertebral canal. 45. Which of the following statements about kyphosis is true? s. **Kyphosis may result from developmental anomalies as well as from osteoporosis.** t. The vertebral column curves anteriorly. u. Kyphosis results in an increase in the lateral diameter of the thorax. v. It is also known as "swayback" or "hollow back." 46. Lordosis is characterized by which of the following? w. an abnormal increase in thoracic curvature x. **an anterior rotation of the pelvis** y. an abnormal lateral curvature z. rotation of the vertebrae 47. Scoliosis may be caused by which of the following? a. **asymmetrical weakness of intrinsic back muscles** b. difference in length of the upper limbs c. dehydrated intervertebral discs d. ipsilateral weakness in gluteal muscles 48. Which of the following is NOT included in the condyle of the humerus? e. radial, coronoid, and olecranon fossae f. trochlea g. capitulum h. **greater tubercle** 49. Which of the following is true regarding the carpus? i. The scaphoid articulates proximally with the ulna and has a tubercle. j. The lunate articulates with the ulna and is broader anteriorly than posteriorly. k. **The triquetrum articulates proximally with the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint.** l. The pisiform lies on the palmar surface of the trapezium. 50. Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the ulna and radius? m. The brachialis attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna. n. **The ulnar styloid process is much larger than the radial styloid process and extends farther distally.** o. The head of the ulna lies distally, whereas the head of the radius articulates with the humerus. p. The bodies of these bones are firmly bound together by the interosseous membrane. 51. Which of the following describes the correct order of the distal row of carpals from lateral to medial? q. triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate, hamate r. trapezoid, trapezium, capitate, hamate s. **trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate** t. trapezium, triquetrum, capitate, hamate 52. Which of the following is true in respect to the acromioclavicular joint? u. It is a saddle-type synovial joint. v. It is strengthened by the coracohumeral and transverse humeral ligaments. w. **When dislocated, it is often referred to as a "separated shoulder."\\** x. All are true 53. Which of the following is true in respect to the clavicle? i. The clavicle varies more in shape than most other long bones. ii. The right clavicle is stronger than the left and is usually shorter. iii. The clavicle is a compact bone a. **1 and 2 only** b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3 54. All carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints are plane types of synovial joints EXCEPT for y. **the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.** z. the carpometacarpal joint of the fifth metacarpal. a. the carpometacarpal joint of the third metacarpal. b. the intermetacarpal joint of the 4th and 5th metacarpals. 55. A patient receives a knife wound to the axilla. What problems do you expect? c. Damage to the axillary nerve d. **Paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis** e. inability to extend the wrist and digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints f. Loss of sensation on the medial surface of the arm 56. Syndactylyl involves: g. extra fingers or toes. h. absence of a digit or limb. i. **abnormal fusion of fingers and toes.** j. small hands or feet being attached to trunk by short bones instead of long bones. 57. The articular part of a rib tubercle articulates with which of the following structures? k. body of the vertebra l. costal cartilage m. adjacent rib n. **transverse process** 58. The pleural cavity contains which of the following? o. Lungs p. Bronchi q. **Serous pleural fluid** r. Lymph nodes 59. Which of the following statements concerning the sternal angle is correct? s. **It lies at the level of the intervertebral disk between T4/T5**. t. It is flanked by the costal cartilage of the 3rd pair of costal cartilages. u. It lies in the epigastric fossa. v. It is located 3 mm superior to the jugular notch. 60. All of the following statements correctly apply to the right atrium EXCEPT w. It receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. x. It forms the right side of the heart. y. It contains the crista terminalis. z. It contains the limbus fossae ovalis. a. **It contains trabeculae carneae.** 61. The interventricular septum contains which of the following structures? b. anterior papillary muscle c. fossa ovalis d. sinus venarum e. sinoatrial node f. **conus arteriosus** 62. Which of the following is the basic structural unit for gas exchange in the lung? g. terminal bronchioles h. respiratory bronchioles i. alveolar ducts j. **alveoli** k. bronchi 63. Which of the following structures carry highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? l. pulmonary arteries m. **pulmonary vein**s n. coronary arteries o. cardiac veins p. scending aorta 64. Which of the following structures is located in the posterior mediastinum? q. Lungs r. Heart s. **azygos vein** t. superior vena cava u. right coronary artery 65. Which of the following statements correctly applies to the tricuspid valve? v. It guards the left atrioventricular orifice. w. It guards the conus arteriosus. x. It is also known as the mitral valve**.** y. **Chordae tendineae attach to the free edges of the cusps.** z. The apex of each cusp attaches to the fibrous ring around the orifice 66. All of the following statements concerning the pericardium are correct EXCEPT a. The external layer of the sac is fibrous. b. The internal layer is reflected onto the heart as the visceral serous layer (epicardium). c. The internal layer of the fibrous sac is the partietal serous layer. d. The pericardial cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral serous layers. e. **The fibrous pericardium is attached to the sternum by the pericardiacophrenic ligament.** 67. All of the following statements concerning the sinoatrial node are correct EXCEPT f. **It is located near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis.** g. It is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. h. It is known as the pacemaker of the heart. i. It is specialized cardiac muscle fiber. j. It is avascular. 68. All of the following statements concerning the sinoatrial node are correct EXCEPT k. It is located near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis. l. It is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. m. It is known as the pacemaker of the heart. n. It is specialized cardiac muscle fiber. o. **It is avascular.** 69. Which of the following is correct? p. W**hile a person is supine, the arch of the aorta lies superior to the transverse thoracic plane**. q. While a person is supine, the bifurcation of the trachea lies at the level of the xiphisternal junction and T9. r. While a person is supine, the central tendon of the diaphragm is transected by the transverse thoracic plane. s. While a person is standing, the arch of the aorta lies inferior to the transverse thoracic plane. t. While a person is standing, the tracheal bifurcation is transected by the transverse thoracic plane. 70. Which of the following is NOT likely to contribute to chest pain? u. cardiac disease v. pulmonary disease w. **thyroid disorders** x. gallbladder disorders y. intestinal disorders 71. Which of the following is NOT part of the chest? z. 12 pairs of ribs a. Sternum b. Costal cartilages c. 12 thoracic vertebrae d. **Clavicle**