Anatomy Practice Questions PDF

Chapter 18 The Endocrine System 1. Which of the following endocrine glands is inferior in location to the rest? a) The thyroid b) The thymus c) The adrenal gland d) The pineal body e) The pituitary gland 2. ________ are chemical messengers secreted in the bloodstream and stimul...

Chapter 18 The Endocrine System 1. Which of the following endocrine glands is inferior in location to the rest? a) The thyroid b) The thymus c) The adrenal gland d) The pineal body e) The pituitary gland 2. ________ are chemical messengers secreted in the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in distant organs. 3. What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? a) The chemical properties of the hormone b) The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone c) The location of the gland that secretes the hormone d) The location of the target cells in the body e) The site where the hormone is secreted 4. TRUE or FALSE: Endocrine glands release their hormones into the blood via a duct system. 5. TRUE or FALSE: A chemical can serve as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the body. 6. Which hormone is transported to its target via the hypophysial portal system? a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) c) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone e) Prolactin 7. The infundibulum is a ________. a) mass of endocrine and neural cells b) portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland c) bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus d) depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland e) projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs 8. Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone? a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b) Luteinizing hormone (LH) c) Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) d) Somatostatin e) Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) 9. Which of the following hormones passes through the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract? a) Antidiuretic hormone b) Prolactin-inhibiting hormone c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone d) Luteinizing hormone e) Thyroid-stimulating hormone 10.What is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone? a) The thyroid gland b) The posterior pituitary c) The anterior pituitary d) The adrenal cortex e) The gonads 11. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by which of the following? a) The ovaries b) The testes c) The hypothalamus d) The adrenal gland e) The anterior pituitary 12. ________ hormones are so named because they stimulate other endocrine glands. 13. Which of the following hormones does not belong with the others? a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) c) Growth hormone (GH) d) Cortisol e) Prolactin 14. Which hormone stimulates the production of testosterone? a) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone b) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) c) Prolactin d) Luteinizing hormone (LH) e) Oxytocin 15. What structure does antidiuretic hormone target? a) The liver b) The pituitary gland c) The thyroid gland d) The kidney e) The adrenal gland 16. What hormone is responsible for the ejection of milk from the mammary glands? a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b) Estrogen c) Prolactin d) Progesterone e) Oxytocin 17. The posterior pituitary releases ________. a) prolactin (PRL) b) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) c) oxytocin (OT) d) thyroid hormone (TH) e) growth hormone (GH) 18. Neuroendocrine cells are best described as which of the following? a) They are neurons that regulate secretion by endocrine glands. b) They are neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream. c) They are neurons whose activity is regulated by hormones. d) They are endocrine cells that respond to neurotransmitters. e) They are endocrine cells that have evolved from neurons. 19. TRUE or FALSE: Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood. 20. Which hormone ultimately stimulates the activity of osteoclasts and promotes increased calcium absorption in the digestive tract? a) Triiodothyronine b) Calcitonin c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) d) Growth hormone (GH) e) Somatostatin Chapter 19 The Circulatory System I: Blood 1. Which of the following is not a formed element found in blood? a) Erythrocyte b) Platelet c) Antibody d) Eosinophil e) Lymphocyte 2. The ________ is the clear extracellular matrix of the blood. 3. Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat? a) Lymphocytes b) Granulocytes c) Erythrocytes d) Agranulocytes e) Platelets 4. Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains ________ and serum does not. a) platelets b) nitrogenous wastes c) fibrinogen d) glucose e) albumin 5. Antibodies belong to which class of plasma proteins? a) Albumins b) Fibrinogens c) Beta globulins d) Gamma globulins e) Hormones 6. What is the most abundant protein in plasma? a) Insulin b) Creatine c) Bilirubin d) Albumin e) Creatinine 7. Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of ________. a) fibrinogen b) nitrogenous wastes c) platelets d) glucose e) albumin 8. A ________ is a common clinical measurement that assesses the percentage of blood volume composed by erythrocytes. 9. The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of ________ than to any other factor. a) fibrin b) albumin c) sodium  d) erythrocytes e) nitrogenous wastes 10. How many molecules of oxygen can each molecule of hemoglobin carry? a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) Approximately 100 e) Approximately 280 million 11. The protein that gives a red color to erythrocytes is ________. 12. Where in the body are hematopoietic stem cells found? a) Yellow bone marrow b) Thymus c) Red bone marrow d) Spleen e) Liver 13. What determines whether a person has type A, B, or O blood? a) Antibodies in blood plasma that react against foreign red blood cells b) Antibody receptors on the surface of red blood cells c) Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells d) Variant structures of hemoglobin within red blood cells 14. Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin? a) Eosinophils b) Basophils c) Neutrophils d) Platelets e) Monocytes 15. Which formed element is not a true cell? a) Platelet b) Antibody c) Erythrocyte d) Neutrophil e) Monocyte Chapter 20 The Circulatory System II: The Heart 1. A drop of blood returning from the big toe would enter the heart through what vessel? a) Superior vena cava b) Inferior vena cava c) Coronary sinus d) Pulmonary veins e) Azygous vein 2. Pericardial fluid is found between the ________ and the ________. a) visceral layer of the serous pericardium; myocardium b) visceral layer of the serous pericardium; epicardium c) parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium d) myocardium; endocardium e) epicardium; myocardium 3. What is the superficial fibrous covering of the heart that is composed partly of dense irregular connective tissue? a) Myocardium b) Endocardium c) Epicardium d) Parietal layer of the serous pericardium e) Visceral layer of the serous pericardium 4. Where is the thickest part of the myocardium? a) The walls of the right ventricle b) The walls of the right atrium c) The walls of the left ventricle d) The walls of the left atrium e) The interventricular septum 5. The ________ is the layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue. 6. Which chamber makes up the apex of the heart? a) The right atrium b) The left atrium c) The right ventricle d) The left ventricle e) The right auricle 7. TRUE or FALSE: The anterior interventricular sulcus marks the division between the atria and ventricles. 8. Blood leaves the right ventricle through which valve? a) Pulmonary semilunar b) Pulmonary tricuspid c) Tricuspid d) Bicuspid e) Aortic semilunar 9. The ________ help to prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole. 10. TRUE or FALSE: Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract. 11. The ________ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs. a) right atrioventricular b) left atrioventricular c) aortic d) pulmonary e) mitral 12. If the tendinous cords (chordae tendinae) became slack, what would the most likely effect be? a) Valvular stenosis b) Valvular prolapse c) Fibrillation d) Heart block e) Myocardial infarction 13. Which of the following carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart? a) The great cardiac vein b) The superior vena cava c) The pulmonary arteries d) The pulmonary veins e) The coronary sinus 14. Through which of the following does blood return to the heart from the lungs? a) Superior vena cava b) Inferior vena cava c) Pulmonary arteries d) Pulmonary veins e) Coronary sinus 15. When are the semilunar valves closed? a) When the ventricles are contracting b) When the ventricles are relaxing c) When the atrioventricular valves are closed d) When the atria are relaxing e) When the pressure is greatest in the ventricles 16. Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to which chamber of the heart? a) Right atrium b) Right ventricle c) Left atrium d) Left ventricle e) Coronary sinus 17. Oxygen-poor blood passes through the ________. a) right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves b) right AV (tricuspid) valve only c) left AV (mitral) and aortic valves d) left AV (mitral) valve only e) pulmonary and aortic valves 18. ________ is a condition where fatty deposits form in an arterial wall. 19. Which part of the heart does the right vagus nerve primarily innervate? a) It innervates mainly the SA node. b) It innervates mainly the AV node. 20. Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has which of the following? a) A more extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum b) Numerous nuclei per cell c) More mitochondria d) Longer fibers e) Fewer junctions between cells 21. What feature of intercalated discs allows electrical signals to pass directly from one cell to the next? a) Interdigitating folds b) Gap junctions c) Desmosomes d) Fascia adherens e) Mechanical junctions 22. Which of the following ensures that cardiomyocytes do not pull apart during muscular contraction? a) Chordae tendinae b) Papillary muscles c) Gap junctions d) Desmosomes e) Trabeculae carneae 23. The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the ________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ________. 24. What is another name for the epicardium? a) The parietal layer of the serous pericardium b) The serous layer of the parietal pericardium c) The visceral layer of the serous pericardium d) The outer myocardium e) The serous endocardium 25. TRUE or FALSE: The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart. Chapter 21: Blood Vessels 1. Which layer of the vessel wall facilitates vasoconstriction and vasodilation? a) The tunica externa b) The tunica adventitia c) The tunica interna d) The tunica media 2. Which of the following is associated with veins but not arteries? a) A tunica media with abundant smooth muscle b) Continuous endothelium c) A tunica media with abundant elastic fibers d) Valves e) Fenestrations 3. Blood pressure is highest in which of the following vessels? a) Large veins b) Conducting arteries c) Distributing arteries d) Venules e) Capillaries 4. In which of the following are sinusoids found? a) Kidney and liver b) Kidney and choroid plexuses c) Bone marrow and kidney d) Bone marrow and liver e) Spleen and kidney 5. Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct? a) Heart → venule → medium vein → large vein → capillary → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → heart b) Heart → large vein → medium vein → venule→ capillary → arteriole → distributing artery → conducting artery → heart c) Heart → distributing artery → conducting artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → large vein → medium vein → heart d) Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart 6. An arteriovenous _________blank is a route by which blood flows from an artery to a vein without passing through capillaries. 7. At its inferior end, the aorta branches to right and left _________blank arteries. a) internal iliac b) external iliac c) common iliac d) femoral e) inguinal 8. The major deep veins of the forearm are the _________blank on the medial side and the _________blank on the lateral side. a) cephalic; basilic b) basilic; cephalic c) ulnar; radial d) radial; ulnar e) brachial; axillary 9. A blood vessel adapted to withstand great fluctuations in blood pressure would be expected to have _________blank. a) an elastic tunica media b) a thick tunica interna c) one-way valves d) a rigid tunica media 10. Plasma solutes enter the tissue fluid most easily from _________blank. a) continuous capillaries b) fenestrated capillaries c) arteriovenous anastomoses Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 1. Which lymph organ lies in the mediastinum? a) Spleen b) Appendix c) Tonsils d) Thymus e) Aggregated lymphoid nodules 2. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? a) It returns excess fluid from tissues to the blood. b) It returns proteins to the blood. c) It provides immunity. d) It transports nutrients to tissues. e) It absorbs dietary lipids. 3. Which type of lymphatic vessel is largest? a. Trunk b. Capillary c. Collecting vessel d. Duct e. Terminal lymphatics 4. Where does the thoracic duct terminate? a) Inferior vena cava b) Superior vena cava c) Left subclavian vein d) Right subclavian vein 5. Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? a) Thoracic duct b) Right lymphatic duct c) Lumbar trunk d) Bronchomediastinal trunk e) Cisterna chyli 6. The ________ duct is the lymphatic vessel that drains the lower body, left upper limb, head, neck, and thorax. 7. TRUE or FALSE: Skeletal muscle contraction aids in the flow of lymph. 8. What are the main antigen-presenting cells in the body? a) Neutrophils b) Fibroblasts c) Helper T cells d) Plasma cells e) Macrophages 9. Lymphatic tissue associated with body passages that are open to the exterior are called MALT for ________ associated lymphatic tissue. 10. Which lymphatic organ is located in the left hypochondriac region? a) Thymus b) Tonsils c) Appendix d) Spleen e) Liver 11. Which body region does not have a concentration of lymph nodes? a) Cervical region b) Gluteal region c) Axillary region d) Groin e) Popliteal region 12. Which lymph nodes are often surgically removed with a mastectomy? a) Cervical lymph nodes b) Thoracic lymph nodes c) Inguinal lymph nodes d) Axillary lymph nodes e) Abdominal lymph nodes 13. The ________ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age. a) lymph nodes b) thymus c) spleen d) pharyngeal tonsils e) appendix 14. Which lymphatic organs are smaller in an adult compared to a child? a) Spleen and red bone marrow b) Thymus and spleen c) Aggregated lymphoid nodules and spleen d) Red bone marrow and thymus e) Tonsils and spleen 15. What is the accumulation of excess fluid in loose connective tissue called? a) Leukemia b) Mononucleosis c) Hodgkin disease d) Filariasis e) Edema Chapter 23 The Respiratory System 1. What is the correct order of structures through which air flows into the respiratory tract? a) Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchioles; bronchi b) Pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles c) Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles d) Larynx; pharynx; bronchi; trachea; bronchioles e) Pharynx; trachea; larynx; bronchi; bronchioles 2. Which of the following is/are part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system? a) Bronchi b) Lungs c) Alveoli d) Pharynx 3. Where does the lower respiratory tract begin? a) The trachea b) The choanae c) The main (primary) bronchi d) The bronchioles e) The glottis 4. The airway from the nose to the larynx is classified as the ________ respiratory tract. 5. What are vibrissae? a) Nasal guard hairs b) Nasal cartilages c) Cilia of the nasal mucosa d) Folds in the larynx e) Air passages between the nasal conchae 6. What kind of tissue lines most of the respiratory tract? a) Simple squamous epithelium b) Stratified squamous epithelium c) Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium d) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium e) Ciliated squamous epithelium 7. Under normal circumstances, which passageway is capable of conducting air, food, or liquid? a) Nasopharynx b) Trachea c) Larynx d) Glottis e) Laryngopharynx 8. The ________ is the space found between the soft palate and root of the tongue. 9. Which structure is often referred to as the "Adam's apple"? a) Vocal cords b) Epiglottis c) Thyroid cartilage d) Thyroid gland e) Cricoid cartilage 10. Which structure receives the auditory (eustachian) tubes? a) Nasopharynx b) Oropharynx c) Larynx d) Laryngopharynx e) Glottis 11. The superior opening of the larynx is called the ________. 12. The nose is divided into right and left halves called the nasal ________. a) cavities b) fossae c) septa d) vestibules e) apertures 13. What are the air passages beneath the conchae that create turbulence within the nasal cavity called? a) Choanae b) Meatuses c) Nares d) Conchae e) Fossae 14. Which of the following is not true of the nasal conchae? a) They reduce turbulence inside the nasal cavity. b) They help warm the air. c) They moisten the air. d) They help cleanse the air. e) There are superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae. 15. ________ cells in the respiratory mucosa secrete mucus. 16. Which part of a lung lies on the diaphragm? a) Hilum b) Base c) Apex d) Costal surface e) Mediastinal surface 17. Where is the hilum of the lung found? a) On its cupola b) On its cardiac notch c) On its mediastinal surface d) On its costal surface e) On its base 18. Which of the following cell types is most numerous in the lung? a) Squamous (type I) alveolar cells b) Great (type II) alveolar cells c) Ciliated columnar epithelial cells d) Goblet cells e) Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) 19. Which of the following structures does not pass through the hilum of the lungs? a) Main (primary) bronchi b) Superior (lobar) bronchi c) Pulmonary trunk d) Pulmonary arteries e) Pulmonary veins 20. The heart indents into the ________ of the left lung. a) oblique fissure b) hilum c) apex d) cardiac impression e) base 21. The respiratory system contains a total of five ________. a) segmental bronchi b) choanae c) laryngeal cartilages d) lobes e) tracheal cartilages 22. Narrowing of the bronchioles is called ________. 23. What happens when the diaphragm contracts? a) The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air flows into the lungs. b) The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air pressure in the thorax drops. c) The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows out of the lungs. d) The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air pressure in the thorax increases. e) The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs. 24. Which muscle(s) is/are not involved with inspiration? a) Diaphragm b) Rectus abdominis c) External intercostals d) Pectoralis minor e) Sternocleidomastoid 25. Which muscle(s) contract(s) during forced expiration? a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis minor c) Diaphragm d) External intercostals e) Rectus abdominis Chapter 24 The Digestive System 1. The first part of the small intestine is the ________. 2. The distal section of the small intestine is the ________. 3. From the lower esophagus to the distal colon, the outermost tissue layer of the digestive tract is the ________. 4. Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in correct order, from lumen to external surface? A) Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa B) Serosa, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa C) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propria D) Mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria E) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa 5. What is a main function of the myenteric plexus? A) It sends sensory information to the CNS through glossopharyngeal nerves. B) It controls glandular secretion of the mucosa. C) It controls glandular secretion of the pancreas. D) It controls peristalsis. E) It stimulates bile production in the liver. 6. What is the source of most of the parasympathetic innervation of the digestive tract? A) Enteric nerves B) Glossopharyngeal nerve C) Splanchnic nerves D) Vagus nerve E) Phrenic nerve 7. A fatty membrane called the ________ hangs like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach. 8. The lingual ________ attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. 9. Which of the following regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum? a) Gastric rugae b) Esophageal sphincter c) Pyloric sphincter d) Ileal papilla e) Cardiac sphincter 10. What is the name for the partially digested fluid that passes from the stomach into the small intestine? a) Bile b) Mucus c) Saliva d) Feces e) Chyme 11. Which of the following is a function of the stomach? a) It absorbs most of the nutrients in food. b) It churns food into a paste by mechanical means. c) It stores food in the form of fat. d) Most chemical digestion takes place in the stomach. e) It digests lipids. 12. Prominent ridges on the inner wall of the stomach are called gastric ________. 13. TRUE or FALSE: Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach. 14. TRUE or FALSE: The large intestine is longer than the small intestine. 15. Which of the following statements about the duodenum is not true? a) It is longer than the jejunum. b) It receives bile from the liver. c) It receives chyme from the stomach. d) It contains a brush border. e) It receives secretions from the pancreas. 16. Where is most of the water that passes through the digestive tract reabsorbed? a) Cecum b) Ileum c) Colon d) Rectum e) Liver 17. Which of the following is true of the falciform ligament? a) It attaches the stomach to the diaphragm. b) It attaches the liver to the diaphragm. c) It attaches the liver to the abdominal wall. d) It attaches the gallbladder to the liver. e) It is a remnant of the umbilical vein. 18. Bile gets its yellow-green color mainly from which of the following? a) Cholesterol b) Bile salts c) Phospholipids d) Bilirubin e) Urobilinogen 19. If bile secretion was inhibited, which of the following would be affected? a) Protein digestion b) Starch digestion c) Fat digestion d) Glucose absorption e) Cholesterol production 20. The ________ stores excess glucose and releases it into the blood when needed. a) pancreas b) stomach c) liver d) spleen e) small intestine Chapter 25 The Urinary System 1. Starting in the abdominal cavity and progressing dorsally, which order would you cut through the layers in order to expose the kidney? a) Renal fascia, peritoneum, perirenal fat capsule, and fibrous capsule b) Peritoneum, fibrous capsule, renal fascia, and perirenal fat capsule c) Peritoneum, perirenal fat capsule, fibrous capsule, and renal fascia d) Peritoneum, renal fascia, perirenal fat capsule, and fibrous capsule e) Perirenal fat capsule, peritoneum, renal fascia, and fibrous capsule 2. Which structure conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder? a) Ureter b) Urethra c) Collecting duct d) Renal pelvis e) Mesonephric duct 3. TRUE or FALSE: The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below. 4. The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system. a) urethra b) liver c) ureter d) urinary bladder e) kidney 5. Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system? a) The kidneys are retroperitoneal. b) The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. c) The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females. d) The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity. e) The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney. 6. TRUE or FALE: A major role of the urinary system is the excretion of wastes. 7. What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste found in the blood? a) Urea b) Ammonia c) Uric acid d) Creatine e) Amino acids 8. Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney? a) Mediastinum b) Renal capsule c) Renal sinus d) Hilum e) Renal pelvis 9. A fibrous ________ surrounds each kidney, protecting it from trauma and infection. 10. What do the glomerular capsule and glomerulus together make up? a) A renal corpuscle b) A lobe of the kidney c) A lobule of the kidney d) A juxtaglomerular apparatus e) A nephron 11. What are the more than one million functional units found in each kidney called? a) Collecting ducts b) Nephrons c) Renal pyramids d) Major calyces e) Minor calyces 12. A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________. a) two calyces and a renal pelvis b) one pyramid and the overlying cortex c) one major calyx and all of its minor calyces d) a renal medulla and two renal columns e) one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it 13. A renal pyramid voids urine into a ________. a) minor calyx b) major calyx c) renal medulla d) renal papilla e) ureter 14. The mass of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the ________. 15. If we follow the ureter into the kidney, what is the first structure we find? a) A collecting duct b) The renal pelvis c) A renal pyramid d) A major calyx e) A minor calyx Chapter 26 The Reproductive System 1. Why are polar bodies produced during oogenesis? a) To lessen the amount of estrogen that is produced during the ovarian cycle b) To hasten ovulation c) To discard excess cytoplasm d) To discard excess chromosomes e) To increase the chances of sperm penetration 2. Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation? a) Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens b) Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra c) Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra d) Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra e) Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens 3. Which structure covers both the ovary and testes? a) Vaginal coat b) Parietal peritoneum c) Broad ligament d) Tunica albuginea e) Tunica intima 4. Which cells produce testosterone? a) Seminiferous cells b) Interstitial endocrine cells c) Cumulus cells d) Sustentacular cells e) Spermatogonia 5. What is the pampiniform plexus? a) A network of blood vessels that supplies the ovaries b) A network of blood vessels that supplies the uterus c) A network of blood vessels that facilitates maternal and fetal exchange d) A network of veins that helps cool the blood to the scrotum e) A network of veins that helps cool the blood to the penis 6. What is the function of the cremaster muscle? a) It contracts to draw the testes close to the body for warmth. b) It becomes engorged with blood during an erection. c) It contributes to voluntary control of urination. d) It contracts during ejaculation to assist in the movement of sperm through the spermatic cord. e) In most mammals, it serves to move the tail but has no purpose in humans. 7. In the testes, ________ cells provide nourishment for the germ cells. 8. Hypothetically, if the interstitial endocrine cells of a male were selectively killed off by an environmental toxin, which of the following would occur? a) His testosterone levels would decrease. b) He would experience increased hairiness (hirsutism). c) His voice would become deeper. d) He would experience increased virility. 9. Which gland produces most of the semen? a) The prostate b) The bulbourethral gland c) The vestibular gland d) The seminal vesicle e) The areolar gland 10. Which structure caps the head of a mature sperm and enables the sperm to penetrate an egg? a) Acrosome b) Nucleus c) Mitochondria d) Flagellum 11.Which of the following structures serves to store sperm? a) Prostate b) Seminiferous tubules c) Epididymis d) Spermatic cord e) Seminal vesicles 12. The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________. a) epididymis b) corpus spongiosum c) corpus cavernosum d) scrotum e) ductus (vas) deferens 13. The penile urethra is enclosed by the ________. a) corpus cavernosum b) corpus spongiosum c) trabecular muscle d) prepuce e) frenulum 14. The medial pole of the ovary is attached to the uterus by which ligament? a) Suspensory ligament b) Ovarian ligament c) Mesovarium d) Broad ligament 15. The anterior margin of the ovary is anchored by a peritoneal fold called the ________. a) broad ligament b) ovarian ligament c) suspensory ligament d) mesovarium 16. The ________ is a structure that forms when the follicle collapses after ovulation. 17. ________ cells produce estrogen in the ovaries. 18. How many functional eggs are produced from one germ cell (oogonium) by the process of oogenesis? a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 8 e) The number varies from month to month. 19. Which cells produce estrogens? a) Theca cells b) Sustentacular cells c) Oocytes d) Pyramidal secretory cells e) Polar bodies 20. Which of these is not found in the vestibule? a) Urinary orifice b) Mons pubis c) Vaginal orifice d) Labia minora e) Clitoris 21. What is the superior curvature of the uterus called? a) Fundus b) Body c) Isthmus d) Infundibulum 22. What is the constricted part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina called? a) Fundus b) Cervix c) Vestibule d) Body e) Internal os 23. Which glands open into the lower vagina and provide most of the lubrication for intercourse? a) Paraurethral b) Prostate c) Greater vestibular d) Endometrial e) Areolar 22. What structure leads from each ovary to the uterus? a) Uterine tube b) Vagina c) Urethra d) Vas deferens e) Copulatory duct 23.The ________ sometimes expels copious fluid similar to prostatic fluid, which constitutes the female ejaculate. a) prostate b) paraurethral glands c) bulbourethral glands d) vestibular bulb e) vaginal epithelium 24. Which female structure is homologous to the male scrotum? a) Labia minora b) Labia majora c) Clitoris d) Urethra e) Vagina 25. The female homologue of the penis is the ________.