Anatomy 38 PDF

Skull 1. The Skull · made up of 22 bones 8 cranial and- 14 facial · 3 small bones in each middle ear. All bones of the skull are...

Skull 1. The Skull · made up of 22 bones 8 cranial and- 14 facial · 3 small bones in each middle ear. All bones of the skull are immovable except · for the mandible.. Bones of the Cranium 2 · Enclose and protect the brain , provides attachments for muscles , and contains air- filled sinuses that reduce weight and vocal depth. Frontal bone · forms the anterior part of - the skull above the eyes · Parietal Bones (2) form the roof and sides - of the skull just behind the frontal bone , · Occipital Bone-forms the back of the skull and base of the cranium · Temporal Bones (2) - form parts of the sides base of the cranium and · Sphenoid bone-form the base of the cranium sides of the skull and portions , of the eye sockets · Ethmoid bone-located in front of the sphenoid bone. 3 Facial Skeleton · These bones form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for muscles  · Maxilla-upper jaw , houses upper teeth Palatine Dones-make up part of the nasal · carity and palate zygomatic bones-cheekbones · lacrimal bones forms part of the eye · - sockets of the nose nasal Bones-form the bridge · vomer bone-forms part of your septum · mandible-lower jaw only movable bone · , of the skull. Infantile Skull 4 · not completely developed at birth · Fontanels (soft spots) are membranous areas of incomplete ossification. · allows the skull to more As cranial bones during birth fontanels grow together · , will close  Vertebral Column * Thoracic Cage - Forms the vertical axis of the skeleton - Runs from skull to pelvis - supports the head and trunk and protects the spinal cord - composed of bony vertebrae , separated by cartilagediscs. Vertebrae are connected by ligaments - Cervical Vertebrae - 7 cervical vert. In the neck · supports head the unique characteristics · · a formen (hole) in the transverse process · vertebrae 2-6 have a bifid splits , , spinous process. · Cl Atlas = > - supports the head · C2 = Axis - has a tooth-like projection that pivots with the atlas Thoracic Vertebrae - 12 thoracic vert make up the thoracic region. larger and than cervical vert stronger ·. · long pointed spinous process-downward , Proceeding down the bodies become · , larger and bear more weight Lumbar Vertebrae 5 Lumbar vert - make up the small of the. back · support the weight of the body than thoracic and cervical much larger. vert · · adapted for weight-bearing Sacrum structure at the base of the A triangular · spine · composed of 5 fused vertebrae coccyx · tailbone · lowest part of the spine · composed of 4 fused vertebral Thoracic Cage - consits of the ribs , thoracic vert., sternum and costal cartilage shoulder and · supports our pectoral girdle , , upper limbs Ribs - Humans have pairs of 12 ribs · True Ribs-pairs 1-7 , have their costal cartilage directly connected to the sternum · False Ribs-pairs 8-12 , do not reach the sternum directly 11-12 Floating Ribs-pairs · Sternum · breastpone · located along the anterior midline of the Thoracic cage · consists of three parts Manubrium-upper part 1. 2 Body-middle/main part.. Xiphoid process-lower part 3  Pectoral Girdle & Arm - Pectoral Girdle (shoulder makes an incomplete ring · supports · the upper limbs , and is an attachment site for muscles Composed of a scapulae and a clavicles · (shoulder blade) (collarbone) - scapula · Broad , triangular bone on either side of the upper back · A spine divides the top and the bottom into unequal portions bottom is - bigger spine ends with · the acromion process , which articulates with the clavicle · The coracoid process provides attachment sites for muscles · The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus Upper Limb (Arm) - · Bones of forearm , wrist hand and shoulder. , · Also provide attachment sites for muscles. - Humerus long bone that extends from the scapula to · elbow. Only bone of the upper arm · Articulates with the scapula at the head, · and with the radius and ulna at the distal end - Radius · Located on the thumb lateral side of the forearm , ,. · Extends from the elbow to the wrist · The disc-like head of the radius articulates with thehumerus and unla - Vina · longer of the 2 bones of the forearm , Lateral to the radius · The trochlear notch articulates with the humerus (forms the elbow) · The distal end (head) articulates with the radius at the wrist. * the ulna is medial in anatomical position - The Hand · consists of wrist , palm and fingers · Wrist-8 carpal bones in 2 rows of 4 · Palm-5 metacarpal bones Fingers - 3 phalanges except for the thumb , 2 · Pelvic Girdle & Leg Pelvic Girdle - 2 hip bones consists of · the pelvis consists of the sacrum , coccyx and pelvic girdle Supports the trunk of the body on the - Lower limbs , provides attachments for the lower limbs and protects the organs within it. - Hip bone · made up of 3 bones : illium , ischium and pubis · the three bones are fused in the region of the acetabulum the , cuplike depression that articulates with the head of the femur · Ilium-the largest and upper-most portion of the hip bone · Ischium-forms the L-shaped , posterior portion , that supports · weight during sitting pubis-made up of the anterior portion of each hip bone · the a public bones join at the public symphysis Lower Limb consists of the - migh , Lower leg and Foot - Femur Thighbone · · extends from the hip to the knee longest bone in the body · · head articulates with the acetabulum · articulates with the tibia at the medial and lateral condyles - Tibia · shinbone only weight-bearing bone of the lower leg · of the 2 lower bones larger leg · · articulates With the femur - fibula · thin bone lateral to the tibia does not bear body weight · - Tarsals 7 total bones · the calcaneus · (heel bone) supports body weight - metatarsals · 5 total bones · Distal heads form the ball of the foot Also forms the arch of the foot · phalanges - · Each toe consists of 3 phalanges , except the big toe which has2