Human Skull Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the infantile skull?

  • Not completely developed at birth
  • Consists of 12 bones (correct)
  • Has fontanels
  • Allows for easier passage through the birth canal

    • The vertebral column supports the head and trunk, and protects the spinal cord.

    True

    What are the soft spots in the infantile skull called?

    Fontanels

    The vertebrae in the vertebral column are connected by ligaments and ______.

    <p>cartilaginous discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cervical vertebra supports the head and allows for its rotation?

    <p>C2 (Axis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of the vertebral column with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Cervical Vertebrae = Supports the head and allows for its rotation Thoracic Vertebrae = Larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae Fontanels = Soft spots in an infant's skull Cartilaginous Discs = Act as shock absorbers between vertebrae Ligaments = Connect vertebrae and provide stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thoracic vertebrae are smaller and weaker than cervical vertebrae.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fontanels in an infant's skull?

    <p>Allows for brain growth and easier passage through the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are ______ cervical vertebrae in the neck.

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is located medial in the anatomical position?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pelvis consists only of the sacrum and coccyx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges does each finger have?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wrist consists of ____ carpal bones.

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the body to their correct description:

    <p>Wrist = 8 carpal bones Palm = 5 metacarpal bones Fingers = 3 phalanges per finger Pelvic girdle = Supports and protects organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are part of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Clavicle and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the radius.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>To support upper limbs and serve as an attachment site for muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow.

    <p>humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process ends the spine of the scapula and articulates with the clavicle?

    <p>Acromion process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The radius is located on the medial side of the forearm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two bones that articulate with the humerus at its distal end.

    <p>Radius and ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scapula is a broad, __________ bone located on either side of the upper back.

    <p>triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Scapula = Shoulder blade Clavicle = Collarbone Humerus = Upper arm bone Radius = Lateral bone of forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What divides the scapula into unequal portions?

    <p>The spine of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in the human skull?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bones of the cranium?

    <p>Enclose and protect the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ forms the anterior part of the skull above the eyes.

    <p>frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the back of the skull and base of the cranium?

    <p>Occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal bones contribute to the upper jaw.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebral column is specifically adapted for weight-bearing?

    <p>Lumbar vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coccyx consists of five fused vertebrae.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?

    <p>To protect the organs of the thorax and support the upper limbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternum consists of three parts: Manubrium, ______, and Xiphoid process.

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of ribs with their descriptions:

    <p>True Ribs = Pairs 1-7 that connect directly to the sternum False Ribs = Pairs 8-12 that do not attach directly to the sternum Floating Ribs = Pairs 11-12 that are not connected to the sternum at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs do humans typically have?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sacrum is located at the top of the spine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the sternum?

    <p>Breastbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are ____ lumbar vertebrae in the spinal column.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature distinguishes lumbar vertebrae from thoracic and cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Larger size for weight-bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skull

    • The skull consists of 22 bones: 8 cranial and 14 facial.
    • There are also 3 small bones located in the middle ear.
    • All bones of the skull are fixed except the mandible.

    Cranium Bones

    • These bones protect and enclose the brain.
    • They provide attachment points for muscles.
    • They contain air-filled sinuses which reduce weight.
    • They affect vocal depth.
    • The frontal bone is at the front of the skull, above the eyes.
    • Parietal bones (two) form the top and sides behind the frontal bone.
    • The occipital bone forms the back and base of the skull.
    • Temporal bones (two) are part of the sides and base of the skull.
    • The sphenoid bone forms the base of the skull and parts of the eye sockets.
    • The ethmoid bone is located in front of the sphenoid bone.

    Facial Skeleton

    • These bones shape the face and provide muscle attachments.
    • Maxilla forms the upper jaw and holds upper teeth.
    • Palatine bones form part of the nasal cavity and palate.
    • Zygomatic bones are cheekbones.
    • Lacrimal bones are part of the eye sockets.
    • Nasal bones form the nose bridge.
    • Vomer forms part of the nasal septum
    • Mandible is the lower jaw, the only movable bone of the skull.

    Infantile Skull

    • At birth, the skull is not fully developed.
    • Fontanels (soft spots) are membranous areas of incomplete ossification.
    • These allow for movement during childbirth.
    • Fontanels close as the cranial bones grow together.

    Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage

    • The vertebral column is the body's vertical axis.
    • It runs from the skull to the pelvis and supports the head and trunk.
    • It protects the spinal cord.
    • The column consists of vertebrae separated by cartilage discs.
    • Vertebrae are connected by ligaments.

    Cervical Vertebrae

    • Seven cervical vertebrae support the head.
    • Unique features include foramens (holes) in transverse processes, and a bifid spinal process in vertebrae 3 to 6.
    • Atlas (C1) supports the head
    • Axis (C2) has a tooth-like projection that pivots with the atlas.

    Thoracic Vertebrae

    • Twelve thoracic vertebrae make up the thoracic region.
    • They are larger and stronger than the cervical vertebrae.
    • Their spinous processes are long and point downwards.
    • Their bodies become larger as one moves down the back.

    Lumbar Vertebrae

    • Five lumbar vertebrae form the lower back.
    • They support the body's weight, and are much larger than the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.
    • They are adapted for weight bearing.

    Sacrum

    • A triangular structure at the base of the spine.
    • Composed of five fused vertebrae.

    Coccyx

    • The tailbone.
    • Lowest part of the spine.
    • Composed of four fused vertebrae.

    Thoracic Cage

    • Formed by ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilage.
    • Supports the pectoral girdle, shoulders, and upper limbs.

    Ribs

    • Humans have 12 pairs of ribs.
    • True ribs (1-7) have costal cartilage directly connected to the sternum.
    • False ribs (8-10) do not reach the sternum directly.
    • Floating ribs (11-12) do not connect to the sternum.

    Sternum

    • Breastbone.
    • Located along the anterior midline of the thoracic cage.
    • Three parts: Manubrium (upper), Body (main), Xiphoid process (lower).

    Pectoral Girdle and Arm

    • The pectoral girdle is an incomplete ring that supports the upper limbs.
    • Made of two clavicles and two scapulae.
    • The scapula is broad and triangular, on either side of the upper back.
    • A spine divides the top and bottom of the scapula, with the acromion process at the end of the spine.
    • The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus.
    • The humerus is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow.

    Radius and Ulna

    • The radius is located on the thumb side of the forearm.
    • The ulna is longer and located on the pinky side of the forearm.
    • The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the humerus (elbow).
    • The distal end of the ulna articulates with the radius at the wrist.

    Hand

    • The hand consists of wrist (8 carpals), palm (5 metacarpals) and fingers (14 phalanges).
    • The thumb has two phalanges, while the other fingers have three.

    Pelvic Girdle and Leg

    • The pelvic girdle consists of hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis).
    • Fused in the region of the acetabulum.
    • Ilium is the large upper part of the hip bone.
    • Ischium forms the L-shaped posterior part of the hip bone, supporting weight.
    • Pubis is the anterior portion of the hip bone.
    • Pubic bones join at the pubic symphysis.

    Lower Limb

    • The lower limb includes the thigh and leg (and foot).
    • The femur is the thighbone, the longest bone in the body.
    • The tibia (shinbone) is the major weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
    • The fibula is located along side the tibia and does not bear weight.
    • Tarsals (7) form the ankle.
    • Metatarsals (5) form the foot sole.
    • Phalanges (14) form the toes.

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    Anatomy 38 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the structure and function of the human skull, detailing the 22 bones that form this critical part of the anatomy. It covers both cranial and facial bones, their functions, and relationships to the overall skeletal system. Test your knowledge on the bones of the skull and their importance in protecting the brain and shaping the face.

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