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‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ‪.‬ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬...

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ‪.‬ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻳُﻌﺮﻑ ﺑـ " ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ )‪ " (Big Bang‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﺍً‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‪.‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺍً ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺰﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﻠﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.5‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﻜﻼﻥ ﺟﺰﺀﺍً ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺗُﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺴﻮﻑ ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻧﺒﺎﺕ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺫﻳﻼً ﻻﻣﻌﺎً ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮﻧﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻧﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺭﺅﻯ ﺃﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‪.‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬