Al 1st term 2nd prep. docx NEW.docx

**Word** **Definition** **example** **2.consumer society** **consumer society (phr)** **الاستهلاكى المجتمع** a society that actively buys many products In a consumer society, people often buy more than they need. **shoe shop (n) محل أحذية** a shop that sells shoes \"I take a size 6.\" **c...

**Word** **Definition** **example** **2.consumer society** **consumer society (phr)** **الاستهلاكى المجتمع** a society that actively buys many products In a consumer society, people often buy more than they need. **shoe shop (n) محل أحذية** a shop that sells shoes \"I take a size 6.\" **clothes shop (n) محل ملابس** a shop that sells wearable garments \"Have you got this in a smaller size?\" **chemist\'s (n) صيدلى** a pharmacy; a drugstore \"I\'ve come to pick up my prescription.\" **bookshop (n) مكتبة** an establishment that sells books \"Excuse me, where are the biographies?\" **optician\'s (n) أخصائى عيون** a shop where we can get our eyes tested and buy glasses You can find trendy glasses at the optician's. \"I\'d like to get my eyes tested, please.\" **jeweller\'s (n) محل المجوهرات** a shop where sb sells, makes or repairs ornaments made of gold, silver. \"Can I try these earrings on, please?\" **post office (n) مكتب البريد** a building where parcels and letters are sent from \"Can I send this first class, please?\" **butcher\'s (n) جزار** a building where parcels and letters are sent from \"Four chicken breasts, please.\" **baker\'s (n) خباز** a business that produces and sells bread \"Are these rolls freshly baked?\" **florist\'s (n) بائع الزهور** a business that sells flowers \"Two bunches of daffodils, please.\" **hair salon (n)** **صالون تصفيف الشعر** a shop where people go to have their hair cut and styled \"I\'d like a cut and blow-dry, please.\" **chicken breast (n) صدور الدجاج** a fleshy part of a chicken I prefer to cook chicken breast for a healthier meal. **bunch (n) مجموعة** a collection of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together She bought a bunch of flowers for the living room. **try on (phr v) تجربة / يحاول على** to put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice He decided to try on the new suit before buying it. **blow-dry (n)تجفيف الشعر** the act of drying my hair with a hairdryer After washing her hair, she gave herself a quick blow-dry. **pick up (phr v) يلتقط / يأخذ** to collect She went to pick up her son from school. **prescription (n) وصفة طبية** the medicine ordered by a doctor for sb sick The doctor wrote a prescription for the antibiotics. **aisle (n) ممر / ممشى** a long narrow gap that people can walk along between rows of shelves \"Could you tell me which aisle the frozen foods are in?\" **frozen foods (n) الأطعمة المجمدة** products that are frozen to extend their consumable lifespan \"Could you tell me which aisle the frozen foods are in?\" **roll (n) لفافة** an individual portion of bread \"Are these rolls freshly baked?\" **freshly baked (phr)** **المخبوزة الطازجة** (of products from a bakery) that have recently been made I love buying a loaf of freshly-baked bread and eating it while it's still warm from the oven. **2.A** **fabric (n) نسيج / قماش** material (e.g. cotton, wool, linen, velvet) used for making clothes The dress was made from a fine silk fabric. **silk (n) حرير** a soft luxurious fabric made from the fine threads produced by a certain insect The bag is made of fabric. **wool (n) صوف** a fabric made from the hair of sheep Wool is often used to make warm sweaters. **develop textiles (phr)** **تطوير المنسوجات** to create new materials for making clothes Scientists are working to develop textiles that can repair themselves when they get ripped or torn. **generate electricity (phr) توليد كهرباء** to produce an electrical current to power items Solar panels can generate electricity to power appliances and light homes by using energy from the sun. **monitor fitness (phr)** **مراقبة اللياقة البدنية** to keep a record of the level of my fitness She uses a smartwatch to monitor her fitness levels. **spray-on fabric (n) قماش رذاذ** fabric sprayed out of a can directly onto an individual Spray-on fabric can be used to create temporary clothing. **minute fibres (phr)ألياف دقيقة** tiny threads impossible to see with the naked eye The scientist examined the minute fibres under a microscope. **dry instantly (phr)** **يجف بشكل فورى** (of sth wet) to lose moisture and become dry very quickly Spray-on clothes contain minute fibres which dry instantly. **turn into يتحول الى** (phr v) to change into Dr Torres has developed a fabric that can turn into any garment. **garment (n) ثوب** a piece of clothing The traditional garment was beautifully embroidered. **dissolve (v) يذوب / يتفكك** to mix a solid with a liquid and make it part of the liquid Some supermarkets are using plastic bags which dissolve in water, leaving no trace. Stir the coffee until the sugar dissolves **go on sale (phr) تذهب للبيع** (of a product) to begin to be sold The new printer will soon go on sale for about 100 pounds. **trendsetter (n) رواد الموضة** sb who establishes a new fashion Compared to the rest of the country, California is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture, innovation and politics **booth (n) كشك** a small compartment or box-like room We visited a booth at the fair to buy some souvenirs. **drop in (v) ينخفض في** to stop by somewhere without having arranged it The temperature tends to drop in the evening. **look into (phr v)** **يبحث / ينظر الى** to explore The manager promised to look into the complaint. **bandage (n) ضمادة** a long strip of cloth that is wrapped around a wound The nurse wrapped a bandage around the patient\'s arm. **furniture covering (n)** **تغطي مفروشات** a protective material placed over fumiture They bought a new furniture covering to protect the sofa. **fully-working machine (phr)** **الة يعمل بشكل كامل** a machine that operates to its full capacity The factory boasts several fully-working machines. **fully-functional (adj)** **تعمل بكامل طاقتها** working as best as it should The new software is fully-functional and ready for use. **lighter (adj) خفيف** weighing less than sth else The new material is much lighter than traditional fabrics. **no assembly required (phr)** **التجميع مطلوب** (of a product) fully built and ready to use The Air bike is ready to ride as it doesn\'t require any assembly. **endless possibilities (phr)** **احتمالات لا نهاية لها** a countless number of ways The possibilities of using the new spray are endless. **cartridge (n) خرطوش** a small container used to hold a substance The printer ran out of ink, so we replaced the cartridge. **skin graft (n) زراعة الجلد** a piece of skin from one part of the body to replace damaged skin in another area The patient's arm was badly burnt, but doctors used a skin graft from her leg to repair the damage. **dietary advice (phr)** **نصائح غذائية** advice given to a person regarding their consumption of food If you are worried about your weight; your doctor can give you some dietary advice about which foods to eat. **on demand (phr) عند الطلب** when sb asks for sth Tickets for her concerts are always in great demand. **instant (adj) فورى** happening immediately A touchscreen gives you instant access to the Internet. **voice-activated (adj)** **يعمل بالصوت** (of a device) that can be controlled by oral commands Mona has a voice-activated computer she doesn't have to press any keys, it just responds to the commands she gives. **[Exercise]** 1\. I need to buy a new pair of shoes, so I\'m going to the \[chemist\'s / shoe shop / bookshop / post office\]. 2\. My mother asked me to \[pick up / try on / blow-dry / turn into\] her prescription from the pharmacy. 3\. We\'re having a party tonight, so I\'m going to the \[butcher\'s / baker\'s / florist\'s / jeweller\'s\] to get a cake. 4\. I want to get my hair styled for the wedding. I should go to the \[optician\'s / hair salon / clothes shop / bookshop\]. 5\. For dinner, I\'m planning to cook \[bunch / aisle / roll / chicken breast\] with vegetables. 6\. Before buying new clothes, it\'s important to \[pick up / try on / blow-dry / turn into\] them first. 7\. The supermarket keeps its \[frozen foods / freshly baked / fabric / silk\] in a special refrigerated section. 8\. I need to mail this package at the \[butcher\'s / baker\'s / florist\'s / post office\]. 9\. The \[chemist\'s / shoe shop / bookshop / post office\] is the best place to find a wide variety of reading materials. 10\. My watch stopped working, so I\'m taking it to the \[jeweller\'s / optician\'s / baker\'s / florist\'s\] for repair. 11\. The bread in this bakery is always \[frozen foods / bunch / freshly baked / aisle\]. 12\. I bought a beautiful \[bunch / aisle / roll / chicken breast\] of flowers for my mother\'s birthday. 13\. The hairdresser used a special technique to \[pick up / try on / blow-dry / turn into\] my hair after washing it. 14\. In a \[consumer society / clothes shop / shoe shop / chemist\'s\], people tend to buy more than they actually need. 15\. The grocery store has a wide \[bunch / roll / chicken breast / aisle\] dedicated to cereals and breakfast foods. 16\. Scientists are working to \[develop textiles / generate electricity / monitor fitness / dissolve\] that can change color. 17\. Solar panels are used to \[develop textiles / generate electricity / monitor fitness / dissolve\] from sunlight. 18\. Many people use smartwatches to \[develop textiles / generate electricity / monitor fitness / dissolve\] throughout the day. 19\. The new \[spray-on fabric / minute fibres / cotton / garment\] can be applied directly to the skin. 20\. This shirt is made of 100% \[spray-on fabric / minute fibres / cotton / garment\], making it very comfortable to wear. 21\. The innovative material is made of \[spray-on fabric / minute fibres / cotton / garment\] that are barely visible to the naked eye. 22\. This coat will \[develop textiles / generate electricity / monitor fitness / dry instantly\] when exposed to air, making it perfect for rainy days. 23\. With the push of a button, this device can \[develop textiles / generate electricity / monitor fitness / turn into\] a fully-functional computer. 24\. The fashion designer created a unique \[garment / spray-on fabric / minute fibres / cotton\] for the runway show. 25\. Some plastics can \[develop textiles / dissolve /generate electricity / monitor fitness\] in certain chemicals, which is useful for recycling. 26\. The new clothing line is expected to \[go on sale / drop in / look into / turn into\] next month. 27\. Celebrities often act as \[trendsetters / booths / bandages / cartridges\] in the fashion industry. 28\. At the trade show, each company had a \[trendsetter / booth / bandage / cartridge\] to display their products. 29\. The scientists decided to \[go on sale / drop in / look into / turn into\] the possibility of creating self-cleaning fabrics. 30\. After the accident, the nurse applied a \[trendsetter / booth / bandage / cartridge\] to stop the bleeding. 31\. The new sofa came with a durable \[furniture covering / fully-working machine / skin graft / dietary advice\] to protect it from spills. 32\. The 3D printer is a \[furniture covering / fully-working machine / skin graft / dietary advice\] capable of producing complex objects. 33\. This robot is \[fully-functional / lighter / voice-activated / instant\], meaning it can perform all its intended tasks without issues. 34\. \[Oak / Pine / Aluminum / Nylon\] is a synthetic material often used in clothing and ropes. 35\. This suitcase is made of a \[nylon / oak / pine / aluminum\] frame, making it much \[fully-functional / lighter / voice-activated / instant\] than traditional luggage. 36\. The furniture came with \[no assembly required / endless possibilities / on demand / dietary advice\], saving us a lot of time and effort. 37\. With this new technology, there are \[no assembly required / endless possibilities / on demand / dietary advice\] for innovation. 38\. The printer needs a new ink \[trendsetter / booth / bandage / cartridge\] to continue working properly. 39\. Doctors performed a \[furniture covering / fully-working machine / skin graft / dietary advice\] to help heal the patient\'s burns. 40\. The nutritionist provided \[furniture covering / fully-working machine / skin graft / dietary advice\] to help improve the patient\'s health. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **2.B** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **aisle (n) ممر / | a long narrow gap | He walked down the | | ممشى** | that people can walk | aisle to find his | | | along between rows of | favorite cereal. | | | shelves | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **cashier (n) صراف / | sb who receives and | The cashier scanned | | كاشير** | pays out money in a | all the items | | | shop, bank, etc | quickly. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **supermarket section | a separate part of a | The dairy products | | (n)** | supermarket | are located in the | | | | back supermarket | | **متجر السوبر ماركت** | | section. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **customer (n) عميل / | sb who buys goods or | The customer asked | | زبون** | services from a shop | for a refund. | | | or business | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **tempt (v) يغرى** | to attract | The smell of | | | | freshly-baked bread | | | | tempts many | | | | customers. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **exposed (adj) مكشوف | not protected from a | The merchandise was | | / مفضوح** | cheat, a trick, etc | exposed to the | | | | elements without | | | | protection. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **overflow (v) يطفح / | to flow over the edge | The sink began to | | يفيض** | of sth because of | overflow because the | | | being too full | tap was left on. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **checkout (n) سحب / | a counter where goods | There was a long line | | خروج** | are paid for | at the checkout. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **the answer lies in | the answer can be | The answer lies in | | sth (phr)** | found in sth | understanding the | | | | customer's needs. | | **الجواب يكمن في** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **grab (v) ينتزع / | to take sth suddenly | He quickly grabbed a | | يلتقط** | and roughly; to | sandwich for lunch. | | | snatch | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **trolley (n) عربة** | a metal object with | She filled her | | | wheels that is used | trolley with | | | for carrying things | groceries. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sliding doors (n) | doom which slide | The supermarket has | | ابواب منزلقة** | together rather than | sliding doors at the | | | swinging on hinges | entrance. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **the smell hits me | I become aware of a | As soon as I enter | | (phr) الرائحة | particular smell | the bakery, the smell | | تضربنى** | | hits me. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **freshly-baked bread | bread recently | The bakery offers | | (phr)** | produced | freshly-baked bread | | | | every morning. | | **المخبوزات الطازجة** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **fresh produce | fresh fruit and | The fresh produce | | (phr)** | vegetables | section is always | | | | well-stocked. | | **المنتجات الطازجة** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **intentional (adj) | deliberate | Her choice to shop | | متعمد / مقصود** | | locally was | | | | intentional. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **resist (v) يقاوم / | to stop myself from | He couldn\'t resist | | يصمد** | doing sth although I | the temptation to buy | | | would like to do it | chocolate. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Sth goes to waste | sth is not consumed | Any food that goes to | | (phr)** | and left to spoil | waste is a shame. | | | | | | **يذهب إلى النفايات** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **bargain (n) صفقة / | good value for money | She found a great | | مفاوضة** | | bargain on winter | | | | coats. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **tend (v) يميل / | to be likely to | People tend to spend | | يتنزع** | behave in a certain | more when they shop | | | way | hungry. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **at eye level | where sth can be | Products at eye level | | (phr)** | easily seen | tend to sell faster. | | | | | | **على مستوى العين** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **brand (n) علامة | a trademark product | She always buys the | | تجارية** | | same brand of coffee. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **give my neck a | to look above eye | Browsing the top | | workout (phr)** | level | shelves gives my neck | | | | a workout. | | **أعط رقبتي تمرينا** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **strategy | a plan | Their marketing | | (n)إستراتيجية** | | strategy focused on | | | | online sales. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **pre-packaged | enclosed in a package | She bought | | (adj)** | or protective | pre-packaged salads | | | covering | for convenience. | | **مجهزة مسبقا / معبأه | | | | مسبقا** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **loose (adj)** | (of products) not | She bought loose | | | sold in packages | apples instead of | | | | pre-packaged ones. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **tempting display | the presentation of a | The bakery had a | | (n)** | product that makes it | tempting display of | | | desirable | pastries. | | **عرض مغرى** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **wait in line | to wait for my turm | We had to wait in | | (phr)** | | line for twenty | | | | minutes. | | **الانتظار فى | | | | الطابور** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sneaky (adj) متستر/ | doing sth in a secret | He devised a sneaky | | مخادع** | and suspicious way | plan to avoid doing | | | | his chores. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **loyalty card (n) | a card given by a | She uses her loyalty | | بطاقات ولاء** | supermarket or chain | card to collect | | | store to a customer, | points for discounts. | | | and used to record | | | | credit points awarded | | | | for money spent in | | | | the store | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **money-off coupons | vouchers that entitle | The store offers | | (phr)** | sb to a reduction in | money-off coupons in | | | the price of a | their weekly flyer. | | **كوبونات التخفيض** | product | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **address sb by name | to start speaking to | The manager made a | | (phr)** | sb by calling their | point to address each | | | name | customer by name. | | **عنوان حسب الاسم** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. As I entered the supermarket, the \[aisle / cashier / customer / tempt\] greeted me with a friendly smile. 2\. The fresh produce section was filled with colorful fruits and vegetables, \[exposed / overflow / grab / intentional\] on display for customers to choose from. 3\. I couldn\'t resist the smell of \[freshly-baked bread / sliding doors / trolley / strategy\] coming from the bakery area. 4\. The store manager made sure all products were placed \[at eye level / pre-packaged / loose / sneaky\] to catch customers\' attention. 5\. I needed to \[checkout / resist / scan / tend\] my loyalty card to earn points on my purchase. 6\. The \[supermarket section / customer / cashier / brand\] for dairy products was located at the back of the store. 7\. As I walked through the \[sliding doors / aisle / deal / bargain\], I noticed how neatly everything was arranged. 8\. The store had a special \[money-off coupons / strategy / loyalty card / tempting display\] for frequent shoppers. 9\. I tried to \[resist / tempt / grab / scan\] the urge to buy unnecessary items on sale. 10\. The \[cashier / aisle / customer / trolley\] behind me in line had a cart full of groceries. 11\. I found a great \[bargain / strategy / deal / checkout\] on my favorite cereal brand. 12\. The \[fresh produce / sliding doors / trolley / cashier\] squeaked as I pushed it through the store. 13\. I had to \[give my neck a workout / wait in line / address sb by name / the smell hits me\] to see items on the top shelf. 14\. The store\'s layout was \[intentional / exposed / loose / sneaky\], designed to maximize sales. 15\. I picked up some \[pre-packaged / loose / exposed / tempting\] fruits to save time on weighing them. 16\. The \[checkout / aisle / supermarket section / sliding doors\] area was busy with customers ready to pay. 17\. I realized I had forgotten my \[loyalty card / money-off coupons / trolley / bargain\] at home. 18\. The answer to saving money \[lies in sth / goes to waste / hits me / waits in line\] careful planning and smart shopping. 19\. I decided to \[grab / resist / scan / tempt\] a quick snack before leaving the store. 20\. The \[customer / cashier / aisle / brand\] efficiently scanned and bagged my items at checkout. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **2 C&D** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **wonder (v) يتساءل / | to ask myself about | I wonder how they | | يعجب** | sth | managed to solve the | | | | problem so quickly. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **the story goes back | the background events | The story goes back | | to (phr)** | date back to | to when he was a | | | | young boy. | | **تعود القصة إلى** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **durable cotton | cotton fabric | This shirt is made | | (phr) قطن متين** | designed to last a | from durable cotton | | | long time | and will last for | | | | years. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **manual worker (n) | sb who works with | The factory employs | | العامل اليدوى** | their hands | many manual workers. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **big hit (phr) نجاحا | sth very popular | The new movie was a | | كبيرا** | | big hit at the box | | | | office. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **generation (n) | a group of people of | This technology is | | جيل** | a similar age | designed for the | | | | younger generation. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **ban (v) يحظر / | to officially say | The government | | يمنع** | that sth must not be | decided to ban | | | done | smoking in public | | | | places. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **staple item (n) | a basic or necessary | Bread is a staple | | بندا اساسيا** | item of food | item in many | | | | households. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **take revenge on sb | to plan to hurt or | He vowed to take | | (phr) الانتقام من** | punish sb because | revenge on those who | | | they have insulted or | wronged him. | | | injured me | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **fussy diner (n)** | a person eating in a | The restaurant had a | | | restaurant who is | special menu for | | **المتعشى صعب | hard to satisfy | fussy diners. | | الارضاء** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **a batch of fries | a portion of potato | She ordered a batch | | (n)** | chips | of fries to go with | | | | her burger. | | **مجموعة من البطاطس | | | | المقلية** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **crispy (adj) مقرمش | firm and dry | The chicken was | | / متموج** | | perfectly crispy on | | | | the outside. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **fast-forward (v) | to move ahead in time | Let\'s fast-forward | | يتقدم سريعا** | quickly | to the part where | | | | they find the | | | | treasure. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **formula (n) صيغة / | a mixture of | The company developed | | معادلة** | ingredients that form | a new formula for | | | a certain substance | their product. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **serving (n) خدمة / | an amount of food | The waiter brought a | | تقديم** | enough for one person | generous serving of | | | | dessert. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sales rise (phr) | the number of | The sales rise was | | ارتفاع فى المبيعات** | products sold | due to the holiday | | | increases | season. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **ingredient (n) مكون | each of the several | Flour is a key | | / عنصر** | elements combined to | ingredient in making | | | make a food or drink | bread. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **trade secret | a secret (a method, a | The recipe for their | | (phr)أسرار تجارية** | device, a formula) | sauce is a closely | | | that gives a | guarded trade secret. | | | manufacturer an | | | | advantage over the | | | | competition | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. During his trip, Ahmed couldn\'t help but \[wonder / ban / staple / fussy\] at the beautiful scenery around him. 2\. The \[manual worker / ingredient / generation / formula\] worked tirelessly all day to complete the construction. 3\. My grandmother always told us stories that \[ban / big hit / sales rise / go back\] to her childhood. 4\. After a hard day's work, he enjoyed a \[generation / kettle / serving / staple item\] of homemade soup. 5\. The latest movie became a \[manual worker / fussy diner / big hit / durable cotton\] within weeks of its release. 6\. She bought a shirt made of \[crispy / brass / durable cotton / manual worker\] that lasted for years. 7\. The famous fast-food restaurant\'s \[trade secret / generation / ingredient / brass\] was finally revealed. 8\. He always had to prepare a special meal for the \[generation / fussy diner / sales rise / staple item\] who didn't like most foods. 9\. The new rule will \[generation / ban / staple item / trade secret\] smoking in public places. 10\. In the recipe, each \[manual worker / ingredient / serving / durable cotton\] plays a crucial role in the dish\'s flavor. 11\. The company noticed a significant \[sales rise / staple item / kettle / brass\] after launching the new product. 12\. Every morning, she boils water in her old \[serving / kettle / batch of fries / generation\] for tea. 13\. The children love a \[crispy / brass / fussy / durable\] snack of potato chips. 14\. The angry king wanted to \[fast-forward / take revenge on / ban / serve\] the neighboring kingdom for their betrayal. 15\. This type of \[batch of fries / brass / staple item / generation\] is often used in musical instruments. 16\. He decided to \[manual worker / batch of fries / fast-forward / ban\] through the boring parts of the lecture. 17\. The company was famous for its \[durable cotton / generation / formula / staple item\] of success. **2.E** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **rule (v) يحكم** | to control; to | The school has a | | | influence | strict rule against | | | | using phones in | | | | class. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **long to (v) يتشوق | to desire to do sth | he longed to travel | | الى** | | to faraway lands and | | | | try new foods. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **live in a time warp | to have not changed | This small town seems | | (phr)** | even though everyone | to live in a time | | | or everything else | warp, untouched by | | **لم يتغير رغم تغير | has | modern life. | | من حوله** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **era (n) عصر** | a time period with a | The era of dinosaurs | | | distinct character | ended millions of | | | | years ago. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **cherish (v) يعزز** | to regard sth as | She cherishes the old | | | important and love it | photographs that | | | very much | document her family | | | | history. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **time capsule (n) | a container filled | They buried a time | | كبسولة زمنية** | with things of the | capsule in the | | | present period, which | schoolyard to be | | | is buried so that | opened in 50 years. | | | future generations | | | | can find it | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **retro (adj) رجعى** | fashion inspired by | Her apartment is | | | styles from the past | decorated in | | | | a retro style, with | | | | furniture and | | | | accessories from the | | | | 1950s. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **decor(n) زينة** | the style in which a | She spent all | | | house or room is | afternoon choosing | | | famished | the perfect decor for | | | | her new room. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **second-hand (adj) | not new but owned by | He bought | | مستعمل** | sb else; used | a second-hand bicycle | | | | and fixed it up like | | | | new. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **vintage (adj) عتيق | the best and most | Her collection | | / قديمة** | typical of a kind; | of vintage clothing | | | classic | is truly | | | | one-of-a-kind. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **authentic (adj) | genuine; real; not | He insisted on using | | أصلي\\حقيقي** | fake | only authentic ingred | | | | ients | | | | in his recipes. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **tight (adj) ضيق** | (of clothes) very | My new shoes are a | | | small and fitting too | bit too tight, I need | | | close to the skin | to stretch them out. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Convention (n) | a large meeting of | She broke convention | | مؤتمر** | people who have a | by wearing sneakers | | | similar interest in | to the formal event. | | | sth | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **trilby hat (n)قبعة | men\'s soft hat | The detective wore a | | التريلبى** | | trilby hat pulled low | | | | over his eyes. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **bland (adj) | dull; unexciting | Her life felt bland | | باهت\\ممل** | | and repetitive, so | | | | she decided to make a | | | | change. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **values (pl n) قيم** | moral principles and | Honesty and integrity | | | beliefs | are important values | | | | to me. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **make do (phr) يتدبر | to make the best with | During the | | الامر** | what I have | war, people had to | | | | make do with very | | | | little. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **mend (v) يصلح** | to fix or repair sth | She learned to mend | | | | her clothes instead | | | | of throwing them | | | | away. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **throwaway fashion | cheap poor quality | She decided to buy | | (phr)** | clothing | fewer clothes of | | | | higher quality | | | | instead of following | | | | throwaway fashion | | | | trends. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **pension (n) معاش | retirement money | He\'s looking forward | | التقاعدى** | | to retiring and | | | | living off his | | | | pension. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **distressing (adj) | causing sorrow or | The news of the | | مؤلم / محزن** | suffering | accident was very | | | | distressing. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **conveniences (pl | things that make our | Modern technology has | | n)وسائل الراحة** | life comfortable | brought us many | | | | conveniences. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **out of sight (phr) | outside the area that | If you put your | | غير مرئى** | I can see | problems out of | | | | sight, they won\'t go | | | | away. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **spoil (v)يفسد / | to damage; to do harm | She doesn\'t want to | | يتلف** | | spoil her children by | | | | giving them | | | | everything they want. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **be in retreat from | to hide away from sth | The glaciers are in | | sth (phr)** | | retreat due to | | | | climate change. | | **يتسحب من شئ** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **violence (n) عنف** | actions which are | We must find ways to | | | intended to | reduce violence in | | | physically damage sth | our society. | | | or hurt sb | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **greed (n) جشع** | a strong desire for | His greed for power | | | more possessions than | led to his downfall. | | | needed | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **materialism | a desire for material | Materialism is the | | (n)مادية** | objects | worship of material | | | | possessions. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **shudder (v) يرتجف / | to tremble from fear | She shuddered at the | | يرتعش** | or disgust | thought of spiders. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. The old king continued to \[rule / long to / cherish / spoil\] the kingdom for many years. 2\. My grandmother often \[lives in a time warp / makes do / mends / shudders\], preferring things from her youth. 3\. The museum displayed artifacts from a bygone \[era / decor / convention / pension\]. 4\. Many people \[cherish / rule / spoil / shudder\] memories from their childhood. 5\. The antique shop was like a \[time capsule / trilby hat / greed / violence\] of the past. 6\. The cafe had a \[retro / authentic / bland / tight\] style that reminded me of the 1950s. 7\. The old house\'s \[decor / era / convention / pension\] hadn\'t been updated in decades. 8\. I found a great \[second-hand / retro / authentic / vintage\] book at the flea market. 9\. The \[vintage / second-hand / retro / authentic\] car was in perfect condition despite its age. 10\. The historian ensured all details in the reenactment were \[authentic / tight / bland / retro\]. 11\. The jeans were too \[tight / bland / vintage / authentic\] and uncomfortable to wear. 12\. The annual sci-fi \[convention / pension / era / decor\] attracted fans from all over the country. 13\. He wore a \[trilby hat / time capsule / throwaway fashion / pension\] to complete his detective costume. 14\. The restaurant\'s food was quite \[bland / tight / authentic / vintage\] and lacked flavor. 15\. Our school teaches important \[values / conveniences / pensions / eras\] like honesty and kindness. 16\. During tough times, people learned to \[make do / rule / cherish / spoil\] with what they had. 17\. It\'s important to \[mend / spoil / shudder / rule\] clothes instead of throwing them away. 18\. Modern \[throwaway fashion / time capsule / trilby hat / convention\] is harmful to the environment. 19\. Many people rely on their \[pension / era / decor / convention\] for financial security in old age. 20\. The news of the accident was \[distressing / bland / vintage / tight\] to hear. 21\. Modern homes have many \[conveniences / values / pensions / eras\] that make life easier. 22\. The secret meeting was held \[out of sight / in a time warp / at eye level / in retreat\] of the public. 23\. Too much sun can \[spoil / rule / mend / cherish\] fresh food quickly. 24\. Many people are \[in retreat from / out of sight / living in a time warp / making do\] the stress of city life. 25\. The movie depicted scenes of \[violence / materialism / pension / decor\] that were hard to watch. 26\. His \[greed / convention / era / pension\] for money led him to make unethical decisions. 27\. Some argue that \[materialism / violence / greed / convention\] is too prevalent in modern society. 28\. The loud noise made me \[shudder / rule / mend / cherish\] involuntarily. 29\. Many people \[long to / rule / spoil / mend\] visit exotic places they\'ve never been to. 30\. The old photograph \[cherished / ruled / spoiled / shuddered\] memories of happier times. **2.F** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **wonder (n) دهشة** | sth that makes people | The mystery of the | | | feel surprise and | lost city filled me | | | admiration | with wonder. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **lush (adj)خصبة** | (of vegetation) | The garden was | | | having many leaves | a lush oasis in the | | | and looking healthy | desert. | | | and strong | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **drain (v) يستنزف** | to use too much of | The stress | | | sth so there is | was draining my | | | almost none left | energy. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **soar (v) يرتفع / | to rise greatly and | My | | يصعد** | quickly | spirits soared when I | | | | heard the good news. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **equivalent (n) | sth having the same | Ten dollars is | | معادلة / متساوية** | effect | the equivalent of | | | | five euros. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **spring up (phr | to suddenly appear | The flower sprang | | v)يتشكل** | | up from the seed. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **challenge (n) صعوبة | a difficult situation | Learning a new | | / مشكلة** | that demands effort | language is | | | | a challenge, but | | | | it\'s rewarding. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **vertical farming | the idea whereby | Vertical | | (phr) الزراعة | organic produce is | farming grows crops | | العمودية** | grown upwards in | in stacked layers | | | buildings as opposed | indoors. | | | to the traditional | | | | method along the | | | | ground | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **nutrient (n) | each of the | Plants | | مغذيات** | substances needed in | need nutrients to | | | order to live | grow healthy. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **environmentally | not harmful to the | We need to find | | friendly (phr)** | environment | more environmentally | | | | friendly ways to | | **صديق للبيئة** | | live. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **transport costs | the financial cost of | Buying local produce | | (phr)** | moving sth from one | reduces transport | | | place to another | costs and is better | | **تكاليف النقل** | | for the environment. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **local produce | edible products grown | Supporting farmer's | | (phr)** | in the area | markets helps | | | | promote local | | **المنتجات المحلية** | | produce. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **permanent light | a source of light | Vertical farms use | | source (phr)** | that is constantly | LED lights to provide | | | available | a permanent light | | **مصدر ضوء دائم** | | source. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Industrial | a large greenhouse | Industrial | | greenhouse (phr)** | designed to produce | greenhouses are | | | food on a massive | large, controlled | | **صوبة صناعية** | scale | environments for | | | | growing crops. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **mankind (n) الجنس | all human beings | The future | | البشرى** | | of mankind depends on | | | | our ability to solve | | | | global problems. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **horizontally (adv) | situated along the | Most farms grow | | بشكل أفقي** | ground | crops horizontally ac | | | | ross | | | | large fields. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **consume (v) | to buy things or to | We consume too many | | يستهلك** | use facilities and | resources and create | | | services | too much waste. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **convert (v) يحول** | to change sth in | We can convert waste | | | order to use it for a | into useful products. | | | different purpose | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **wasteland (n)أرض | an area of land left | We need to find ways | | قاحلة** | unused | to | | | | restore wastelands an | | | | d | | | | make them productive | | | | again. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **long gone (phr)مضى | that has not existed | The dinosaurs | | زمنه** | for a long time | are long gone, but | | | | their fossils remain. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **power (v)يعطى | to supply energy | We need to find new | | طاقة** | | ways to power our | | | | homes and businesses. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **raise (v)يزداد** | to lift or increase | The | | | sth | farmer raised chicken | | | | s | | | | and cattle on his | | | | land. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **rise (v)يرتفع** | to become higher | The sun rises in the | | | | east and sets in the | | | | west. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **open up (phr | to start a business | The new bridge | | v)ينفتح** | | will open up new | | | | opportunities for | | | | trade. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **save on sth | to not waste | Taking the bus can | | (v)يحافظ على** | | help you save on gas | | | | money. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **conserve (v)يصون** | to protect sth from | We need | | | harm, loss or change | to conserve water and | | | | other resources. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **exhaust (v) | to make sb feel very | I was exhausted after | | يستنفد** | tired | a long day at work. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **outlet (n) مخرج** | a place where goods | The river provided | | | are sold or delivered | an outlet to the sea. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **advance (v)يتقدم** | to go forward | We need | | | | to advance our | | | | understanding of | | | | climate change. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **food shortage | limited supply of | Vertical | | (phr)** | food | farming could help | | | | solve the problem | | **نقص فى الغذاء** | | of food shortage. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. The garden was filled with \[wonder / lush / drain / soar\] green plants and colorful flowers. 2\. The long drought began to \[drain / wonder / lush / soar\] the town\'s water resources. 3\. We watched in awe as the rocket began to \[soar / wonder / lush / drain\] into the sky. 4\. The new building was the \[equivalent / spring up / challenge / vertical farming\] of 20 stories high. 5\. New businesses began to \[spring up / equivalent / challenge / vertical farming\] all over the city. 6\. Climate change presents a major \[challenge / equivalent / spring up / vertical farming\] for farmers. 7\. \[Vertical farming / Wonder / Lush / Drain\] could be a solution for growing food in urban areas. 8\. The soil was rich in \[nutrients / transport costs / local produce / permanent light source\] for healthy plant growth. 9\. The company aims to be more \[environmentally friendly / industrial greenhouse / mankind / horizontally\] by reducing waste. 10\. High \[transport costs / nutrients / local produce / permanent light source\] made imported goods expensive. 11\. The market specialized in selling \[local produce / transport costs / nutrients / permanent light source\] from nearby farms. 12\. The greenhouse used a \[permanent light source / local produce / transport costs / nutrients\] to grow plants year-round. 13\. The \[industrial greenhouse / environmentally friendly / mankind / horizontally\] produced tomatoes on a large scale. 14\. Throughout history, \[mankind / industrial greenhouse / environmentally friendly / horizontally\] has faced many challenges. 15\. The shelves in the store were arranged \[horizontally / mankind / industrial greenhouse / environmentally friendly\] along the walls. 16\. Modern societies \[consume / convert / wasteland / long gone\] more resources than ever before. 17\. Scientists are trying to \[convert / consume / wasteland / long gone\] solar energy into electricity more efficiently. 18\. The abandoned factory had become a \[wasteland / consume / convert / long gone\] of rusted machinery. 19\. The days of cheap fossil fuels are \[long gone / wasteland / consume / convert\], replaced by renewable energy. 20\. Solar panels \[power / raise / rise / open up\] the entire building with clean energy. 21\. Farmers had to \[raise / power / rise / open up\] prices due to increased production costs. 22\. We watched the sun \[rise / power / raise / open up\] over the horizon early in the morning. 23\. New technologies \[open up / power / raise / rise\] exciting possibilities for the future. 24\. By growing food locally, we can \[save on / conserve / exhaust / advance\] transportation costs. 25\. It\'s important to \[conserve / save on / exhaust / advance\] water during dry seasons. 26\. Overfarming can quickly \[exhaust / conserve / save on / advance\] the soil\'s nutrients. 27\. The store opened a new \[outlet / advance / food shortage / wonder\] in the shopping mall. 28\. Medical research continues to \[advance / outlet / food shortage / wonder\], finding new treatments for diseases. 29\. Many countries face a potential \[food shortage / outlet / advance / wonder\] due to climate change. 30\. The child looked at the night sky with \[wonder / lush / drain / soar\], amazed by the stars. 31\. The \[equivalent / spring up / challenge / vertical farming\] amount of sugar is needed for this recipe. 32\. Urban gardens \[spring up / equivalent / challenge / vertical farming\] in empty lots across the city. 33\. Reducing plastic waste is a major \[challenge / equivalent / spring up / vertical farming\] for environmentalists. 34\. \[Vertical farming / Wonder / Lush / Drain\] can produce more food in less space than traditional farming. 35\. A balanced diet should include various \[nutrients / transport costs / local produce / permanent light source\] for good health. 36\. The company invested in \[environmentally friendly / industrial greenhouse / mankind / horizontally\] packaging materials. 37\. Reducing \[transport costs / nutrients / local produce / permanent light source\] can make products more affordable. 38\. The restaurant prided itself on using fresh \[local produce / transport costs / nutrients / permanent light source\] in all its dishes. 39\. The \[industrial greenhouse / environmentally friendly / mankind / horizontally\] used advanced technology to control the climate. 40\. Scientists believe \[mankind / industrial greenhouse / environmentally friendly / horizontally\] originated in Africa. **2.G** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **teapot (n) إبريق | a container where tea | I use my | | الشاى** | is made and served | red teapot every | | | from | morning for tea. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **coffee mug (n) | a cup for hot coffee | I drink my coffee | | فنجان قهوة** | | from a large mug. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **cardigan (n)سترة | a knitted jacket or | I wear a | | صوفية** | sweater with buttons | cozy cardigan when | | | up the front | it\'s cold. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **shoulder bag | women\'s small bag | I carry my phone in | | (n)حقيبة كتف** | that is carried over | my green shoulder | | | the shoulder | bag. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **high-heeled shoes | not flat women\'s | She wears high-heeled | | (phr)** | shoes | shoes for special | | | | occasions. | | **الأحذية ذات الكعب | | | | العالى** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **digital camcorder | a device that can | I use a camcorder to | | (phr)** | capture moving images | record videos of my | | | and sound and store | family. | | **كاميرا الفيديو | them digitally | | | الرقمية** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **strap (n)حزام / | a narrow piece of | My bag has a | | شريط** | material used to | long strap. | | | fasten two things | | | | together or to carry | | | | sth | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **lens | a thin curved piece | I cleaned | | (n)منظار\\عدسة** | of glass or plastic | the lens with a | | | used in things such | cloth. | | | as cameras, | | | | telescopes and pairs | | | | of glasses | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **scratch (v)يخدش / | to make a small | There is a scratch on | | يفرك** | shallow cut on the | my phone screen. | | | skin or a surface | | | | with a sharp object | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **lid (n) غطاء** | the top of a box or | I lost the lid to my | | | other container which | water bottle. | | | can be removed or | | | | raised | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **crack (v) يكسر** | to break and make | The phone screen | | | lines on the surface | is cracked and needs | | | | to be replaced. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **chip (n) شرخ** | a small mark or hole | The plate has a | | | from which a broken | small chip on the | | | piece has come off | edge. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **hole (n)ثقبة / | a gap in a solid mass | There\'s a hole in | | فجوة** | | the sleeve of | | | | my cardigan. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sleeve (n)كم** | the part of a piece | Put on a | | | of clothing that | sweater, your sleeves | | | covers the arm |  are | | | | short. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **damaged (pp)ضرر/ | (of a product) faulty | My phone | | تالف** | | is damaged and I need | | | | to get it fixed. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **faulty (adj)تالفة | damaged; not working | I returned the | | \\معطل** | properly | product because it | | | | was faulty. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **refund (n)استرداد** | a sum of money paid | The store gave me a | | | back to sb | full refund for the | | | | damaged product. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **exchange | to replace sth with | I can exchange the | | (v)يتبادل** | sth else (usually | item for a different | | | better) | size. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **replacement | a thing used when | The company sent me a | | (n)استبدال** | another is broken or | free replacement for | | | lost | the damaged item. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. Grandmother poured tea from her favorite \[teapot / coffee mug / cardigan / shoulder bag\]. 2\. I start my day with a large \[coffee mug / teapot / high-heeled shoes / digital camcorder\] of hot coffee. 3\. She wore a warm \[cardigan / teapot / strap / lens\] over her dress on the chilly evening. 4\. The tourist carried a \[shoulder bag / coffee mug / high-heeled shoes / lid\] filled with souvenirs. 5\. She struggled to walk in her new \[high-heeled shoes / cardigan / teapot / scratch\]. 6\. The journalist used a \[digital camcorder / coffee mug / shoulder bag / hole\] to record the interview. 7\. The camera\'s \[strap / lens / lid / sleeve\] broke, causing it to fall and break. 8\. The photographer cleaned the camera \[lens / strap / chip / crack\] carefully before the shoot. 9\. Be careful not to \[scratch / crack / chip / exchange\] the surface of the new table. 10\. The \[lid / sleeve / strap / lens\] of the cookie jar was tightly sealed. 11\. The cup fell and \[cracked / scratched / chipped / damaged\], leaving a visible line on its surface. 12\. There was a small \[chip / hole / lid / sleeve\] on the edge of the plate. 13\. The \[hole / chip / lid / strap\] in his pocket caused him to lose his keys. 14\. The \[sleeve / lid / lens / strap\] of his shirt was torn and needed mending. 15\. The package arrived \[damaged / faulty / scratched / cracked\] due to poor handling during shipping. 16\. The new phone turned out to be \[faulty / damaged / scratched / cracked\] and wouldn\'t turn on. 17\. I asked for a \[refund / exchange / replacement / strap\] for the defective product. 18\. The store offered to \[exchange / refund / replacement / scratch\] the broken item for a new one. 19\. They sent a \[replacement / refund / exchange / chip\] part for the malfunctioning appliance. 20\. The \[digital camcorder / coffee mug / shoulder bag / high-heeled shoes\] captured high-quality video of the event. **2.H** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **bargain-hunting | shopping for a good | I\'m hitting the | | (n)** | deal on reduced items | thrift stores | | | | today, hoping to | | **البحث عن الصفقات | | score some hidden | | الجيدة** | | gems for a fraction | | | | of the price. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **quest (n) | a long and difficult | My quest for the | | بحث\\سعى** | search | perfect cup of coffee | | | | led me to a hidden | | | | cafe. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **awareness (n)وعى / | knowledge about what | Raising awareness | | إدراك** | is happening around | about climate change | | | us | is crucial for our | | | | planet\'s future. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **human rights | the basic rights that | Every human being | | (phr)حقوق الإنسان** | each human being | deserves to be | | | should have | treated with dignity | | | | and respect, | | | | regardless of their | | | | background or | | | | circumstances. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **green issues (phr) | topics related to the | Reducing our carbon | | القضايا البيئية** | environment | footprint and | | | | protecting endangered | | | | species are important | | | | green issues. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **hard-earned cash | money received after |  I value my | | (phr)** | a lot of effort | hard-earned cash and | | | | spend it wisely. | | **النقدية التي اكتسبت | | | | بشق الأنفس** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **ethical | morally correct | Choosing ethical | | (adj)الأخلاقية** | | brands ensures my | | | | purchases align with | | | | my values. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **policy (n)سياسة** | a set of ideas or | Effective policy is | | | plans used for making | essential for | | | decisions | protecting workers\' | | | | rights and the | | | | environment. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **manufacture goods | to produce items in | Understanding how | | (phr)** | large numbers by | goods are | | | using machines | manufactured helps us | | **تصنيع البضائع** | | make informed | | | | choices. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **treat (v)يعالج / | to behave towards or | After a long day, | | يعامل** | deal with sb | treating myself to a | | | | delicious meal is | | | | pure joy. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sweatshop (n) محل | a business that | The thought of | | عمل شاق** | employs workers at | clothes made in | | | low wages, for long | sweatshops is deeply | | | hours and under poor | concerning. | | | conditions | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **child labour (n) | hard work carried out | Eradicating child | | عمالة الأطفال** | by children | labor is a global | | | | responsibility. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **a mine of | a great source of | The internet is a | | information (phr)** | knowledge | vast mine of | | | | information, but | | **منجم من المعلومات** | | critical thinking is | | | | key. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **operate(v)يعمل** | to function | The | | | | factory operates 24/7 | | | | to meet the high | | | | demand for their | | | | products. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **guarantee (n)ضمان** | an assurance; a | This product comes | | | promise | with a guarantee of a | | | | full refund if | | | | you\'re not | | | | satisfied. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **natural resources | things that exist in | Solar panels harness | | (pl n)** | nature, such as | the power of the | | | minerals, coal, etc | sun, a clean and | | **موارد طبيعية** | which can be used by | renewable natural | | | people | resource. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **treasure trove | a great source of | he attic was | | (n)كنز دفين** | value for money | a treasure trove of | | | | forgotten | | | | belongings, holding | | | | memories from years | | | | past. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **purchase (n)شراء** | sth that we buy | She made | | | | a purchase online, ch | | | | oosing | | | | the expedited | | | | shipping option. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **seasonal retail | a change in the type | Black Friday marks | | shift (n) البيع | of product that is to | the beginning of the | | بالتجزئة الموسمية** | be sold due to the | holiday seasonal | | | weather/time of year | retail shift, with | | | | stores offering deep | | | | discounts. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **sell off (phr | to sell products at | To make space for new | | v)يصفي / يبيع** | reduced prices in | inventory, the store | | | order to get rid of | is having a sell | | | excess stock | off on all winter | | | | clothing. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **reduced prices | no longer charging | During the store\'s | | (phr)** | the full retail | anniversary | | | amount | sale, many items were | | **إنخفاض الأسعار** | | available at reduced | | | | prices. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **balance (n)توازن** | an equal situation | It\'s important | | | | to balance your | | | | budget to ensure you | | | | can cover all your | | | | expenses. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **money sense | spending money wisely | Investing in quality | | (n)الشعور بالمال** | | items that last shows | | | | good money sense in | | | | the long run. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. \[Bargain-hunting / Quest / Awareness / Policy\] is a popular activity for savvy shoppers. 2\. The explorer embarked on a \[quest / bargain-hunting / ethical / sweatshop\] to find ancient ruins. 3\. Increasing \[awareness / quest / hard-earned cash / green issues\] about climate change is crucial. 4\. The United Nations works to protect \[human rights / green issues / policy / treasure trove\] worldwide. 5\. Many people are concerned about \[green issues / human rights / hard-earned cash / sweatshop\] like deforestation. 6\. He was careful with his \[hard-earned cash / awareness / quest / ethical\], saving it for important purchases. 7\. The company claimed to follow \[ethical / policy / sweatshop / guarantee\] practices in all its operations. 8\. The government introduced a new \[policy / ethical / sweatshop / guarantee\] to reduce plastic waste. 9\. Large factories \[manufacture goods / treat / operate / sell off\] for global distribution. 10\. It\'s important to \[treat / manufacture goods / operate / sell off\] all employees with respect and fairness. 11\. The investigation revealed that the company used a \[sweatshop / ethical /policy / guarantee\] to produce cheap clothing. 12\. Many countries have laws against \[child labour / natural resources / seasonal retail shift / money sense\]. 13\. The library is \[a mine of information / bargain-hunting / quest / awareness\] for curious students. 14\. Modern machines \[operate / treat / manufacture goods / sell off\] using advanced technology. 15\. The product came with a one-year \[guarantee / policy / ethical / sweatshop\] against defects. 16\. Conserving \[natural resources / child labour / seasonal retail shift / money sense\] is vital for the planet\'s future. 17\. The antique shop was a \[treasure trove / bargain-hunting / quest / awareness\] of unique items. 18\. He made a significant \[purchase / balance / guarantee / policy\] of new equipment for his business. 19\. Shops often have a \[seasonal retail shift / natural resources / child labour / money sense\] in their inventory. 20\. The company decided to \[sell off / operate / treat / manufacture goods\] its old stock at discounted prices. **2.I** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **complain (v)يشتكى** | to express | The | | | dissatisfaction | customer complained a | | | | bout | | | | the broken toy. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **place an order | to make a request for | Can I place an | | (phr)يطلب** | sth to be delivered | order for pizza?  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **eventually (adv)** | finally | We will go to the | | | | park eventually. | | **فى نهاية المطاف** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **I would appreciate | I would be very | I would appreciate | | it (phr)** | grateful | it if you closed the | | | | door.  | | **يقدرذلك** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **delay (n)تأخير / | putting sth off to a | My flight | | تأجيل** | later time | was delayed for two | | | | hours. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **invoice (n)فاتورة** | a list of items that | Please pay | | | have been ordered and | the invoice as soon | | | their prices | as possible.  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **look forward to | can\'t wait for sth | I look forward | | (phr v)** | to happen | to seeing you soon.  | | | | | | **يتطلع إلى** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **prompt reply (n) رد | a speedy response | I received a prompt | | فورى** | | reply from the | | | | customer service. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **rude (adj)وقح / غير | behaving in a way | It is rude to talk on | | مهذب** | that is not polite | the phone in the | | | | library.  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **cancel (v)يلغى** | to call off | The concert | | | | was canceled due to | | | | bad weather. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **to make matters | to aggravate an | My phone | | worse (phr)** | already bad situation | broke, and to make | | | | matters worse, I lost | | **يزيد الطين بلة** | | my keys.  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **appalled | shocked or disgusted | The crowd | | (adj)مصدوم** | because sth is so | was appalled by the | | | unpleasant or bad | news.  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **amicably | in a friendly way |  hope we can resolve | | (adv)بطريقة ودية** | | this issue amicably.  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. The customer decided to \[complain / place an order / delay / cancel\] about the poor service he received. 2\. I\'d like to \[place an order / complain / invoice / cancel\] for three large pizzas, please. 3\. We waited for hours, but \[eventually / amicably / promptly / rudely\], the bus arrived. 4\. \[I would appreciate it / To make matters worse / Look forward to / Prompt reply\] if you could send the package as soon as possible. 5\. The \[delay / invoice / order / complaint\] in shipping caused many customers to be upset. 6\. Please find attached the \[invoice / delay / order / complaint\] for your recent purchase. 7\. We \[look forward to / complain / place an order / cancel\] hearing from you soon regarding our application. 8\. The manager\'s \[rude / prompt / appalled / amicable\] behavior shocked the customers. 9\. Due to unforeseen circumstances, we need to \[cancel / complain / invoice / delay\] tomorrow\'s meeting. 10\. \[To make matters worse / I would appreciate it / Look forward to / Prompt reply\], the electricity went out during the important presentation. **Language in use** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **do up يُزَرِّر | 1\) fasten | I can\'t go outside | | \\يُزَيِّن** | (clothes), | yet; I need to do | | | | up my jacket. | | | 2\) decorate (a | | | | room, a building) | They did up the | | | | living room with | | | | festive decorations | | | | for Christmas. | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **do sth over | repeat sth | She practiced her | | (again)يعيد** | | presentation several | | | | times to do it | | | | over perfectly. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **drop by/inيزور** | visit a place/person | Can I drop by your | | | | house later to borrow | | | | a book? | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **drop outيترك** | leave before the end | He dropped out of | | | (school, college) | college to pursue his | | | | music career. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **get | make sb understand, | He spoke slowly and | | acrossيوصل\\يتواصل** | communicate | clearly to get his | | | | message across to the | | | | audience. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **get along (with | be friendly with | My new classmates are | | someone)** | someone | friendly, and I get | | | | along well with them. | | **يتوافق** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **get aheadيتقدم** | do well in a career | She\'s working hard | | | | and studying to get | | | | ahead in her career. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1\. Can you help me \[do up / drop by / get across / get ahead\] my shirt buttons? 2\. They decided to \[do over / do up / drop out / get along\] the living room with new paint and furniture. 3\. I need to \[do over / drop by / get across / get ahead\] my homework because I made too many mistakes. 4\. Let\'s \[drop by / do up / get across / get ahead\] the new cafe on our way home. 5\. Some students choose to \[drop out / do up / get across / get along\] of school before finishing their degree. 6\. The teacher struggled to \[get across / do up / drop by / get ahead\] the complex concept to her students. 7\. It\'s important to \[get along / do up / drop out / get across\] with your coworkers in a professional environment. 8\. Working overtime helped him \[get ahead / do up / drop by / get across\] in his career. 9\. She likes to \[do up / drop by / get across / get along\] her hair in different styles each day. 10\. We need to \[do over / drop out / get across / get ahead\] the experiment to confirm our results. 11\. Feel free to \[drop by / do up / get across / get ahead\] anytime if you need help with your project. 12\. He decided to \[drop out / do up / get across / get along\] of the competition due to an injury. 13\. The speaker used simple language to \[get across / do up / drop by / get ahead\] his message effectively. 14\. It\'s essential to \[get along / do up / drop out / get across\] with your teammates to succeed in sports. 15\. She works hard to \[get ahead / do up / drop by / get across\] in her studies and achieve good grades. 16\. Can you \[do over / drop by / get across / get along\] the painting? The colors don\'t look quite right. 17\. I\'ll \[drop in / do up / get across / get ahead\] to see you when I\'m in town next week. 18\. He struggled to \[get along / do up / drop out / get across\] with his new roommate due to their different lifestyles. 19\. The company decided to \[do over / drop out / get across / get ahead\] their entire marketing strategy. 20\. She hopes to \[get ahead / do up / drop by / get across\] in the company by taking on additional responsibilities. **3. introduction** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Word& Translation** | **Definition** | **Example** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Pick up litter | To remove rubbish | Every Saturday, | | (phr)** | from the streets. | volunteers gather to | | | | pick up litter in the | | إزالة القمامة | | park. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Help the elderly | To give assistance to | She regularly visits | | (phr)** | aged people. | her grandmother to | | | | help the elderly with | | مساعدة كبار السن | | household chores. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Recycle old | To give a new use to | The company | | materials (phr)** | old objects. | encourages employees | | | | to recycle old | | إعادة تدوير المواد | | materials like paper | | القديمة | | and plastic. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Donate to charities | To give items or | During the holiday | | (phr)** | money to a needy | season, many people | | | cause. | donate to charities | | التبرع للجمعيات | | to help those in | | الخيرية | | need. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Look after stray | To take care of | The local animal | | animals (phr)** رعاية | animals that have no | shelter works hard to | | الحيوانات الضالة | owner. | look after stray | | | | animals and find them | | | | new homes. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Exercise]** 1. Every weekend, the community gathers to (help the elderly, pick up litter, donate to charities, recycle old materials) in the neighborhood park. 2. She volunteers at the nursing home to (look after stray animals, help the elderly, donate to charities, recycle old materials) by reading books and chatting with them. 3. They organized a campaign to (pick up litter, help the elderly, recycle old materials, donate to charities) by turning old bottles into new products. 4. He decided to (look after stray animals, help the elderly, donate to charities, pick up litter) to support local organizations that help people in need. 5. She has a kind heart and often stops to (pick up litter, donate to charities, help the elderly, look after stray animals) she encounters on the stret. **3 A** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Word& Translation** | **Definition** | **Example** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **The disabled (pl | People with mobility | The parking lot | | n)** | issues. | reserved spaces for | | | | the disabled. | | **المعاقين** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Abuse (v) يسيئ** | To insult somebody. | He was accused of | | | | abusing his | | | | authority. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Criticise (v) | To express | The teacher | | ينتقد** | disapproval of | criticized the | | | something or somebody | students\' behavior | | | by saying what I