Learning Styles & Strategies PDF

# Style of Learning (Modalities) - Visual learner - Auditory learner - Kinesthetic learner ## Combinations of Two Modalities - (Dominant) Visual + Auditory - (Dominant) Visual + Kinesthetic - (Dominant) Auditory + Kinesthetic # Style of Learning - **Visual** - watching, reading - **Auditory** -...

# Style of Learning (Modalities) - Visual learner - Auditory learner - Kinesthetic learner ## Combinations of Two Modalities - (Dominant) Visual + Auditory - (Dominant) Visual + Kinesthetic - (Dominant) Auditory + Kinesthetic # Style of Learning - **Visual** - watching, reading - **Auditory** - listening, speaking - **Kinesthetic** - touching, moving # Learning Strategies - **Strategies** - are behaviors associated with the cognitive process of learning - Ways that make the process of learning a foreign language easier - **Vary for each individual** # Two Types of Knowledge - **Declarative** or **theoretical** - **Procedural** or **practical** # Strategies according to Rebecca Oxford ## Direct Strategies - **Memorization** - learning by heart, memorizing - **Cognitive** - analyzing language data - **Compensatory** - Intelligence - for example, knowing the rule for conjugating a verb, so you try to conjugate an unfamiliar verb according to that rule. - Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing, for example, by switching to a language you speak better or using gestures. ## Indirect Strategies - **Metacognitive** - planning how you will learn, reflecting on learning - **Affective** - controlling emotions, managing stress, motivating yourself to learn - **Social** - interacting with others, asking for help, engaging in collaborative learning, collaborating with a partner ## Direct Strategies: Details - **Memorization** - **High workload** for the brain - **Creates associations** using the concept of thinking - **Uses visual and audible** images - **Cognitive** - **Uses various techniques** that make understanding texts and other additional resources easier - **Important to practice** and **organize knowledge** through notes - **Analyzing language data** ## Indirect Strategies: Details - **Metacognitive** - **Planning the learning processes** - **Organizing the learning process** - **Assessing the effects** of learning - **Affective** - **Reducing tension** and stress - **Using relaxation techniques** - **Motivating yourself** to learn - **Rewarding** yourself for progress - **Listening to your body**, taking breaks, getting sufficient sleep, and checking your emotions - **Social** - **Speaking with others**, asking if they have problems with something, asking for help, and explaining something # Collaborative work - **Working with others** in groups, for example, during a lesson or on projects. - **Exchanging knowledge** and insights, ideas, and notes together. - **Sharing understanding** of the culture and language you're learning # Student Autonomy - **Ability to be responsible** for your own learning - Taking responsibility for **decisions regarding learning**, **results**, and **consequences** ## Benefits of Autonomy - **Interpersonal** and **cognitive development**, for example, integrating new and old knowledge. - **Individualized learning process**, that gives the student the opportunity to choose their own **learning styles** and **strategies** - **Learning strategies** that work best for the student # Learning - **Process of acquiring** knowledge and skills ## Mnemonic Devices - tricks that are used for memorizing content - **Interlanguage** associations (different languages) - **Intralanguage** associations (the same language) - **Literal translations** into a different language - **Example:** green house = zielony domek # Method - **A planned action** that leads to a particular goal ## Types of Methods - **Conventional** - **Direct method** - focus is on the teacher - **Unconventional**