Psychology 144 Quiz PDF

TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Psychology 144 Term 3 Notice!!!!!!!!!!!!!! These multiple choice questions are AI Generated. It is imperative that you use these questions referring to your notes and credited...

TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Psychology 144 Term 3 Notice!!!!!!!!!!!!!! These multiple choice questions are AI Generated. It is imperative that you use these questions referring to your notes and credited sources to verify the answers. PSYCHOLOGY 144 QUIZ  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ A1 Information  The test is a total of 50 marks  50 Multiple Choice Questions.  The test is 1 hour long and will begin at 17:40pm.  The test covers only Week 1- 4 content Week Date Range Content 1 July 22nd - July 26th Developmental Psychology 2 July 29th - August 2nd Developmental Psychology 3 August 5th - August 9th Psychopathology 4 August 12th - August 16th Psychopathology  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Developmental Psychology 1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the prenatal stage of development? A. Rapid physical growth B. Cognitive development C. Socioemotional skills D. Language acquisition Answer: A. Rapid physical growth Explanation: During the prenatal stage, the fetus undergoes rapid physical growth and development, including the formation of organs, limbs, and other bodily structures. This period is marked by significant changes in the size and complexity of the developing organism. 2. Which of the following is a critical milestone in early childhood development? A. Crawling B. Walking C. Speaking in complete sentences D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Explanation: Significant developmental milestones in early childhood include crawling, walking, and speaking in complete sentences. These skills reflect the rapid physical, cognitive, and language development that occurs during this stage. 3. Piaget's stage of concrete operations is associated with which age range? A. Birth to 2 years B. 2 to 7 years C. 7 to 11 years D. 11 to 15 years Answer: C. 7 to 11 years Explanation: According to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development, the concrete operations stage occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years. During this stage, children develop the ability to think logically about concrete, real-world events and objects.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 4. Vygotsky's concept of the "zone of proximal development" refers to: A. The level of difficulty a child can achieve independently B. The level of difficulty a child can achieve with adult guidance C. The level of difficulty a child can never achieve D. The level of difficulty a child should never attempt Answer: B. The level of difficulty a child can achieve with adult guidance Explanation: Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to the level of difficulty a child can achieve with the help and guidance of a more knowledgeable adult or peer, but cannot yet accomplish independently. 5. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which stage involves considering the welfare of others and following societal norms? A. Preconventional B. Conventional C. Postconventional D. None of the above Answer: B. Conventional Explanation: Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development involves considering the welfare of others and following societal norms and expectations, rather than acting solely based on personal interests or abstract principles. 6. Which attachment style is characterized by a child's avoidance of their caregiver and lack of distress when the caregiver leaves? A. Secure B. Anxious-avoidant C. Anxious-ambivalent D. Disorganized Answer: B. Anxious-avoidant Explanation: The anxious-avoidant attachment style, as described by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child's avoidance of their caregiver and lack of distress when the caregiver leaves, suggesting a detachment from the attachment figure.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 7. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage is associated with the development of a sense of identity during adolescence? A. Identity vs. Role Confusion B. Intimacy vs. Isolation C. Generativity vs. Stagnation D. Integrity vs. Despair Answer: A. Identity vs. Role Confusion Explanation: Erikson's stage of identity vs. role confusion is a key focus of adolescent development, where individuals strive to establish a coherent sense of self and their place in the world. 8. Which of the following is considered a characteristic of the authoritative parenting style? A. High warmth and high control B. Low warmth and high control C. High warmth and low control D. Low warmth and low control Answer: A. High warmth and high control Explanation: The authoritative parenting style, as defined by Diana Baumrind, is characterized by a balance of high levels of both warmth/responsiveness and control/demandingness towards the child. 9. During which stage of development do individuals typically achieve the formal operational stage, as described by Piaget? A. Early childhood B. Middle childhood C. Adolescence D. Adulthood Answer: C. Adolescence Explanation: According to Piaget's stage theory, the formal operational stage, characterized by the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically, is typically attained during the adolescent years, around ages 11-15.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 10. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the neonatal period of social and emotional development? A. Attachment formation B. Self-regulation C. Stranger anxiety D. Separation anxiety Answer: B. Self-regulation Explanation: During the neonatal period, a key developmental milestone is the ability to self- regulate emotions and physiological states, which lays the foundation for later social and emotional development. 11. John Bowlby's theory of attachment emphasizes the importance of: A. Secure base B. Separation anxiety C. Stranger anxiety D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Explanation: Bowlby's attachment theory highlights the importance of a secure base, separation anxiety, and stranger anxiety in the development of attachment relationships between children and their caregivers. 12. Which of the following is a characteristic of the authoritarian parenting style? A. High warmth and high control B. Low warmth and high control C. High warmth and low control D. Low warmth and low control Answer: B. Low warmth and high control Explanation: The authoritarian parenting style, as defined by Diana Baumrind, is characterized by low levels of warmth/responsiveness and high levels of control/demandingness towards the child.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 13. During which stage of development do individuals typically develop a sense of industry, as described by Erikson? A. Early childhood B. Middle childhood C. Adolescence D. Adulthood Answer: B. Middle childhood Explanation: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the stage of industry vs. inferiority is associated with middle childhood, where children develop a sense of competence and the ability to accomplish tasks. 14. Vygotsky's concept of the "more knowledgeable other" refers to: A. The child's level of independent problem-solving B. The child's level of problem-solving with adult guidance C. The adult or peer who provides support and guidance D. The level of difficulty a child should never attempt Answer: C. The adult or peer who provides support and guidance Explanation: Vygotsky's concept of the "more knowledgeable other" refers to the adult or more experienced peer who provides support and guidance to the child within their zone of proximal development. 15. Which of the following is a characteristic of the permissive parenting style? A. High warmth and high control B. Low warmth and high control C. High warmth and low control D. Low warmth and low control Answer: C. High warmth and low control Explanation: The permissive parenting style, as defined by Diana Baumrind, is characterized by high levels of warmth/responsiveness and low levels of control/demandingness towards the child.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 16. During which stage of development do individuals typically develop a sense of generativity, as described by Erikson? A. Young adulthood B. Middle adulthood C. Late adulthood D. All of the above Answer: B. Middle adulthood Explanation: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the stage of generativity vs. stagnation is associated with middle adulthood, where individuals focus on contributing to the next generation and society. 17. Which attachment style is characterized by a child's distress when the caregiver leaves and difficulty being soothed upon the caregiver's return? A. Secure B. Anxious-avoidant C. Anxious-ambivalent D. Disorganized Answer: C. Anxious-ambivalent Explanation: The anxious-ambivalent attachment style, as described by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child's distress when the caregiver leaves and difficulty being soothed upon the caregiver's return, suggesting an inconsistent or unpredictable attachment relationship. 18. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the formal operational stage of cognitive development, as described by Piaget? A. Concrete, hands-on thinking B. Symbolic, representational thinking C. Abstract, hypothetical thinking D. None of the above Answer: C. Abstract, hypothetical thinking  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Explanation: The formal operational stage, the final stage in Piaget's theory, is characterized by the ability to engage in abstract, hypothetical thinking and problem-solving, moving beyond concrete, hands-on thinking. 19. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage is associated with the development of a sense of intimacy during young adulthood? A. Identity vs. Role Confusion B. Intimacy vs. Isolation C. Generativity vs. Stagnation D. Integrity vs. Despair Answer: B. Intimacy vs. Isolation Explanation: Erikson's stage of intimacy vs. isolation is a key focus of young adulthood, where individuals strive to develop close, meaningful relationships and a sense of belonging. 20. Which of the following is a characteristic of the authoritative parenting style? A. Responsiveness to the child's needs B. High levels of control and demandingness C. Encouragement of independence D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Explanation: The authoritative parenting style, as defined by Diana Baumrind, is characterized by a balance of high levels of warmth/responsiveness, control/demandingness, and encouragement of independence in the child. 21. Which of the following is a key aspect of social and emotional development during adolescence? A. Attachment formation B. Emotion regulation C. Identity formation D. All of the above Answer: C. Identity formation  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Explanation: A key aspect of social and emotional development during adolescence is the formation of a coherent sense of identity, as individuals explore and establish their place in the world. 22. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which stage involves considering universal ethical principles and individual rights? A. Preconventional B. Conventional C. Postconventional D. None of the above Answer: C. Postconventional Explanation: Kohlberg's postconventional stage of moral development involves considering universal ethical principles and individual rights, rather than solely focusing on societal norms or personal interests. 23. Which attachment style is characterized by a child's inconsistent and unpredictable responses to their caregiver? A. Secure B. Anxious-avoidant C. Anxious-ambivalent D. Disorganized Answer: C. Anxious-ambivalent Explanation: The anxious-ambivalent attachment style, as described by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child's inconsistent and unpredictable responses to their caregiver, suggesting an inconsistent or unpredictable attachment relationship. 24. During which stage of development do individuals typically develop a sense of integrity, as described by Erikson? A. Young adulthood B. Middle adulthood C. Late adulthood D. All of the above  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Answer: C. Late adulthood Explanation: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the stage of integrity vs. despair is associated with late adulthood, where individuals reflect on their life and develop a sense of fulfillment and acceptance. 25. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the neonatal period of social and emotional development? A. Attachment formation B. Self-regulation C. Stranger anxiety D. Separation anxiety Answer: B. Self-regulation Explanation: During the neonatal period, a key developmental milestone is the ability to self- regulate emotions and physiological states, which lays the foundation for later social and emotional development.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Psychopathology 1. Which of the following is a key criterion for classifying a psychological condition as a mental disorder? A. The condition causes significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. B. The condition is rare and unusual. C. The condition is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. D. The condition is present from birth. Answer: A Explanation: The key criterion for classifying a psychological condition as a mental disorder is that it causes significant distress or impairment in an individual's daily functioning. The other options are not necessary criteria for a psychological disorder. 2. Which classification system is primarily used in North America for the diagnosis of mental disorders? A. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) C. World Health Organization (WHO) classification D. European Classification of Mental Disorders (ECMD) Answer: B Explanation: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the primary classification system used in North America for the diagnosis of mental disorders. The ICD, published by the World Health Organization, is more commonly used internationally. 3. Which of the following is a key difference between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 in the classification of mental disorders? A. The DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach, while the ICD-11 uses a categorical approach. B. The DSM-5 has a greater emphasis on the medical model, while the ICD-11 has a greater emphasis on the biopsychosocial model. C. The DSM-5 has a more comprehensive list of mental disorders, while the ICD-11 has a more concise list. D. The DSM-5 uses a multiaxial system, while the ICD-11 uses a single-axis system.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Answer: A Explanation: The key difference between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 is that the DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach, where mental disorders are viewed on a spectrum, while the ICD-11 uses a more categorical approach, where disorders are distinct diagnostic categories. 4. Which of the following is considered a core characteristic of a psychological disorder? A. The condition is rare and unusual. B. The condition is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. C. The condition is present from birth. D. The condition causes significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. Answer: D Explanation: A core characteristic of a psychological disorder is that it causes significant distress or impairment in an individual's daily functioning. The other options are not necessary characteristics of a mental disorder. 5. Which of the following is a common misperception about mental illness? A. Mental illness is a sign of personal weakness or lack of willpower. B. Mental illness is a chronic and incurable condition. C. Mental illness is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. D. All of the above. Answer: D Explanation: All of the options are common misperceptions about mental illness. These include the beliefs that mental illness is a sign of personal weakness, that it is a chronic and incurable condition, and that it is solely caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. 6. Which perspective views mental disorders as the result of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors? A. The biomedical perspective B. The psychodynamic perspective C. The cognitive-behavioral perspective D. The biopsychosocial model  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Answer: C Explanation: The cognitive-behavioral perspective views mental disorders as the result of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, which can be modified through psychological interventions. 7. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the biomedical perspective on mental disorders? A. It emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes in the development of mental disorders. B. It views mental disorders as the result of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. C. It considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental disorders. D. It focuses on the identification of biological abnormalities, such as chemical imbalances or structural changes in the brain, as the primary cause of mental disorders. Answer: D Explanation: The biomedical perspective on mental disorders focuses on the identification of biological abnormalities, such as chemical imbalances or structural changes in the brain, as the primary cause of mental disorders. 8. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the psychodynamic perspective on mental disorders? A. It emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes in the development of mental disorders. B. It views mental disorders as the result of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. C. It considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental disorders. D. It focuses on the identification of biological abnormalities, such as chemical imbalances or structural changes in the brain, as the primary cause of mental disorders. Answer: A Explanation: The psychodynamic perspective on mental disorders emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes, such as repressed emotions and unresolved conflicts, in the development of mental disorders.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 9. Which perspective on mental disorders considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in their development? A. The biomedical perspective B. The psychodynamic perspective C. The cognitive-behavioral perspective D. The biopsychosocial model Answer: D Explanation: The biopsychosocial model of mental disorders considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. 10. What is the defining characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? A. Persistent and intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares related to a traumatic event. B. Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. C. Delusional beliefs and hallucinations. D. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Answer: A Explanation: The defining characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the presence of persistent and intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares related to a traumatic event that the individual has experienced. 11. Which of the following is a common symptom of schizophrenia? A. Persistent and intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares. B. Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. C. Delusional beliefs and hallucinations. D. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Answer: C Explanation: One of the core symptoms of schizophrenia is the presence of delusional beliefs and hallucinations, which can significantly impair an individual's perception of reality.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 12. What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)? A. To provide a comprehensive list of all known mental disorders. B. To establish a standardized system for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders. C. To identify the biological causes of mental disorders. D. To develop effective treatments for all mental disorders. Answer: B Explanation: The primary purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is to establish a standardized system for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders, which can then guide treatment and research efforts. 13. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)? A. It is primarily used in North America for the diagnosis of mental disorders. B. It uses a dimensional approach to the classification of mental disorders. C. It has a greater emphasis on the biomedical model of mental disorders. D. It is published by the World Health Organization and used internationally. Answer: D Explanation: The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is published by the World Health Organization and is used internationally as a classification system for various medical conditions, including mental disorders. 14. What is the global mental health gap? A. The difference between the prevalence of mental disorders and the availability of effective treatments. B. The lack of funding and resources dedicated to mental health research and services globally. C. The disparity in mental health outcomes between high-income and low- or middle-income countries. D. All of the above. Answer: D  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Explanation: The global mental health gap refers to the difference between the prevalence of mental disorders and the availability of effective treatments, the lack of funding and resources dedicated to mental health, and the disparity in mental health outcomes between high-income and low- or middle-income countries. 15. What is the common lay conceptualization of the causes of mental illness? A. Mental illness is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. B. Mental illness is a sign of personal weakness or lack of willpower. C. Mental illness is caused by supernatural or spiritual forces. D. All of the above. Answer: D Explanation: Common lay conceptualizations of the causes of mental illness include the beliefs that it is caused by a chemical imbalance, a sign of personal weakness, or supernatural/spiritual forces. 16. Which of the following is a cultural-bound syndrome found in South Africa? A. Amafufuyana B. Ukuthwasa C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Answer: C Explanation: Amafufuyana and Ukuthwasa are two cultural-bound syndromes found in the South African context, which are associated with specific cultural beliefs and experiences. 17. What is the primary focus of the trauma-informed approach in South Africa? A. Identifying and treating the biological causes of trauma. B. Addressing the psychological and social impacts of trauma. C. Developing effective pharmacological interventions for trauma-related disorders. D. Promoting traditional healing practices for trauma survivors. Answer: B  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Explanation: The trauma-informed approach in the South African context primarily focuses on addressing the psychological and social impacts of trauma, rather than solely on the biological causes or pharmacological treatments. 18. Which of the following is a common symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? A. Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. B. Delusional beliefs and hallucinations. C. Intrusive thoughts and flashbacks related to a traumatic event. D. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Answer: C Explanation: One of the core symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the presence of intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares related to a traumatic event that the individual has experienced. 19. How does the prevalence of trauma in South Africa compare to other parts of the world? A. The prevalence of trauma in South Africa is lower than the global average. B. The prevalence of trauma in South Africa is similar to the global average. C. The prevalence of trauma in South Africa is higher than the global average. D. The prevalence of trauma in South Africa varies greatly depending on the region. Answer: C Explanation: Due to the country's history of apartheid, ongoing violence, and socio- economic disparities, the prevalence of trauma exposure in South Africa is higher than the global average. 20. What is the defining characteristic of the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders? A. It focuses solely on the biological causes of mental disorders. B. It emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes in the development of mental disorders. C. It views mental disorders as the result of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. D. It considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental disorders.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ Answer: D Explanation: The defining characteristic of the biopsychosocial model is that it considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. 21. Which of the following is a key difference between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 in the classification of trauma-related disorders? A. The DSM-5 has a more comprehensive list of trauma-related disorders, while the ICD-11 has a more concise list. B. The DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach to trauma-related disorders, while the ICD-11 uses a categorical approach. C. The DSM-5 has a greater emphasis on the biomedical model of trauma, while the ICD-11 has a greater emphasis on the biopsychosocial model. D. The DSM-5 and ICD-11 classify trauma-related disorders in a similar manner. Answer: B Explanation: One of the key differences between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 is that the DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach to the classification of trauma-related disorders, while the ICD- 11 uses a more categorical approach. 22. What is the primary focus of the cognitive-behavioral perspective on mental disorders? A. The identification of biological abnormalities as the cause of mental disorders. B. The role of unconscious psychological processes in the development of mental disorders. C. The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental disorders. D. The modification of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors as a means of treating mental disorders. Answer: D Explanation: The cognitive-behavioral perspective on mental disorders focuses on the modification of maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors as a means of treating mental disorders.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ 23. Which of the following is a common misconception about the treatment of mental illness? A. Mental illness is a chronic and incurable condition. B. Mental illness can be effectively treated with medication alone. C. Mental illness is a sign of personal weakness or lack of willpower. D. All of the above. Answer: D Explanation: All of the options - the beliefs that mental illness is a chronic and incurable condition, that it can be effectively treated with medication alone, and that it is a sign of personal weakness or lack of willpower - are common misconceptions about the treatment of mental illness. 24. How does the biopsychosocial model differ from the biomedical perspective on mental disorders? A. The biopsychosocial model considers only the psychological and social factors, while the biomedical perspective considers only the biological factors. B. The biopsychosocial model considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors, while the biomedical perspective focuses solely on the biological factors. C. The biopsychosocial model and the biomedical perspective are essentially the same, with no significant differences. D. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes, while the biomedical perspective focuses on maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. Answer: B Explanation: The key difference between the biopsychosocial model and the biomedical perspective is that the biopsychosocial model considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of mental disorders, while the biomedical perspective focuses solely on the biological factors. 25. What is the primary goal of the trauma-informed approach in the South African context? A. To identify and treat the biological causes of trauma. B. To develop effective pharmacological interventions for trauma-related disorders. C. To promote traditional healing practices for trauma survivors.  TSHOLOTSHO QUIZ D. To address the psychological and social impacts of trauma and support the overall well- being of individuals and communities. Answer: D Explanation: The primary goal of the trauma-informed approach in the South African context is to address the psychological and social impacts of trauma and support the overall well- being of individuals and communities, rather than solely focusing on the biological causes or pharmacological treatments. ALL THE BEST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!