Advance Coaching Theory Eng PDF

ICMS- INTEGRATED COACH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ICMS has following modules. 1. Punctuality Analysis & Monitoring Module (PAM): 1. Centralized web based application accessible from Division, Zone and Railway Board level. 2. The Punctuality Analysis & Monitoring (PAM) module of ICMS automatically pi...

ICMS- INTEGRATED COACH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ICMS has following modules. 1. Punctuality Analysis & Monitoring Module (PAM): 1. Centralized web based application accessible from Division, Zone and Railway Board level. 2. The Punctuality Analysis & Monitoring (PAM) module of ICMS automatically picks up the delays from the Control Office Application (COA) and produces real-time insight into the state of the operations. 3. Monitoring Punctuality of all Passenger Carrying Trains over Indian Railways at all levels. 4. Capturing train running timings and delays with its detention details. Based on data captured from such sources, system generates various types of analytical and critical reports at all levels. 5. Since ICMS already has most of the related information, it is the natural place to also monitor and analyse the punctual running of trains. 2. Coaching Operations Information System (COIS): 1. Centralized Web based application for Coaching Stock management. 2. The COIS (Coaching Operations Information System) module provides detailed, real-time information for planning, executing and monitoring the operations of passenger services. Since the system is aware of the plans, it requires minimal data input. 3. Captures events on Coaches/Rakes, Generates Reports for Management of Coaching Stock. 4. Data input predominantly at Station/Coaching Yard level. 3. Coaching Maintenance Module (CMM): 1. To capture depot activities related to coaching maintenance operations, 2. Utility tool for managers looking after mechanical and electrical maintenance, 3. Includes module for Material Management and Manpower data (gang strength per shifts etc), Data input at CDO level. 4. The CMM or Coach Maintenance Management module has been developed to facilitate and record maintenance of coaches and the management of spare parts inventory. 5. It is fully integrated with the operations modules for generating alerts, interchange of information, request for placement of rolling stock for repairs, delivery and acknowledgement of certification of coaches for service, etc. 4. COIS Data Entry Module: Support module of ICMS, to maintain database pertaining to the information of Rake Links, Yard Infrastructure, Coach Master, Train Schedules etc. Data input at Zonal HQ level. 5. Time-tabling Module: For simulating the suitable timings for running of all kinds of trains, simulating the best available path for planning a train keeping in view all variables, simulating optimum utilization of rake link, generating all time-tabling documents. Data input at Zonal HQ level. 142 Benefits: i. A number of MIS Reports in PAM & COIS regarding train running, coach movements etc. ii. Better monitoring of train running & optimum utilization of coaching stock iii. Census through system iv. Planning in advance v. Replacement of manual reports – transparency & effectiveness Project Work: Project means to present any work in a systematic way. According to David Clifton and Fife - Project means the establishment of a new enterprise or the addition of a new item to the existing production-mix. A project can be related to a single machine or a complete plant. According to Little and Mirrorly, “Project is a plan for the allocation of resources, which can be properly analyzed and evaluated as an important unit.” As a summary, the detailed action plan that is made and implemented to achieve a particular goal in a business, science or engineering is called a project. Under this, the whole work is divided into small tasks and their time bound sequence is presented. When will the work start? When will it end? How much money and other resources will it take; What will be the result at the end? etc. are mentioned. It is necessary to fix the deadline for the work in the project. Along with this, a fixed amount (budget) is fixed for each project. Project refers to any such opportunity of capital-appropriation in which the possibilities of earning profit are clearly reflected. Project is an opportunity for new investment for the entrepreneur, in which the profit potential is pre-evaluated. If the estimated income from the project is more than its expected cost, then definitely a decision can be taken to work on such a profitable project. But if the estimated cost is more than the expected income, then the idea of implementing such a project is discarded. Project Planning : The process of deciding whether or not to start a project by comparatively reviewing the estimated cost and expected income of a project is called "project-planning". In the process of project planning, all the tasks and measures are included from the idea of the project to its implementation. Such as 143 discovery of idea, preliminary investigation, collection of facts and information, feasibility check, appropriation decision, implementation and operation etc. Projects can be of two types – First, a project for an existing business, and Secondly, a project for setting up a new business. The salient features of a project are as follows: An established purpose. A defined lifetime with a beginning and an end. Typically, analysis of the involvement of multiple departments and professionals. Generally, doing something that has never been done before. Specific time, cost, and procedure. First of all, projects have a defined purpose—whether it's building a 12-story apartment complex by 1st January, or releasing version 2.0 of a specific software package as quickly as possible. Second, because there is a specified purpose, projects have a set interval, as opposed to the ongoing duties and responsibilities of traditional jobs. Third, unlike more organizational work that is divided according to functional characteristic, projects typically require the combined efforts of various specialists. Rather than working in separate offices under different managers, project participants, whether they be engineers, financial analysts, marketing professionals, or quality control specialists, work closely as joint forces under the guidance of a project manager to complete a project. The fourth characteristic of a project is that it is non-routine and has some unique elements. Obviously, accomplishing something that has never been done before, such as building a hybrid (electric/gas) automobile or landing two mechanical rovers on Mars, requires solving previously unsolved problems and breakthrough technology. On the other hand, even basic construction projects involving established sets of routines and procedures require some customization which makes them unique. Routine work is not project work, a project is not regular repetitive work! Normal daily work usually requires doing the same or similar work, whereas a project is done only once; A new product or service is received upon completion of the project. It is important to recognize the difference. 144  Why a project is needed: A project is a complete plan prepared to solve a problem or to publish the facts of a topic. Problems wants to swallow us with mouth wide open like sursa. Every day we have to face some problem and we keep thinking of ways to avoid it. Like- traffic problem, drinking water problem, electricity problem. There are many such problems around us, after seeing which we are compelled to think and think of solutions, such as the problem of filth in the Ganges, incidents of suicide, incidents of robbery, Problems of diseases due to the consumption of drugs. etc. When a problem comes before us, first of all we go to the bottom of that problem and try to know it’s all the aspectst, and consider all possibilities and remedies for its diagnosis. In this way the whole idea plan prepared in our mind is a kind of project. Some Important Projects Human Genome Project Manhattan Project Project Apollo Soviet atomic bomb project ISRO's Chandrayaan Project, Mangalyaan Project Electrification of lines in Railways etc. Project work and different stages in railways: Project work in railways is done through a computerized system called IRPSM – Indian Railway Project Sanction and Management, whose various stages and levels are as follows. IRPSM  Full form is “Indian Railways Projects Sanctions & Management.  That means it has two broad divisions. 1) Sanctioning of new projects i.e., Works Programme and2) Management/Monitoring of such sanctioned Projects.Web based application i.e., usable only with an internet connection and uses HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) as its primary communication protocol.  Developed by CRIS, New Delhi ( All the system administration functions, viz Operating System, Database, Application Server besides day to day operation – responsibility of CRIS) OBJECTS OF IRPSM 145  Online creation and forwarding of “NEW WORKS” proposals from the Zonal Railways and Production Units to the Railway Board duly replacing the existing manual system.  Modifications to the “Works in Progress”  Printing of Works programme, Pink Book and other sanction books after sanction by Railway Board.  Monthly updatingof status of various works by Executing agencies like Sr.DEN, Sr.DOM etc.  Monitoring of all Works/Projects. TYPES OF USERS LEVEL/USER PLAN HEAD CO WORKS PROGRAMME SANCTIONING AUTHORITY ORDINATOR CO ORDINATOR DIVISION Branch officers like Sr.DEN/Co DRM Sr.DOM, Sr.DME etc ZONAL PHODs CPDE – Chief Planning & GM RAILWAY Design Engineer RAILWAY - EDCE(G) – Executive Railway Board & Minister for Railways BOARD Director Civil Engineering (General) List of Plan Heads and Plan Head Co-ordinators PH No PH Name Plan Head Coordinator Divisional Zonal Rly/PU 11 New Lines 14 Gauge Conversion 15 Doubling Sr.DOM COM 16 Traffic Facilities 35 Electrification Projects 81 Metropolitan transport projects PH No PH Name Plan Head Coordinator Divisional Zonal Rly/PU 29 Level Crossing Gates CTE 30 ROB/RUB CBE 31 Track Renewals CTE 32 Bridge Works Sr.DEN/Co CBE 51 Staff Quarters PCE 52 Staff Amenities PCE 64 Other Specified works PCE PH No PH Name Divisional Zonal Rly/PU 17 Computerisation Sr.EDP CCM 33 S&T Sr.DSTE CSTE 36 Other Electrical Works Sr.DEE CEE 146  42 Workshops Sr.DME CWE 53 Passenger amenities & other rly. User amenities Sr.DCM CCM IRPSM @ DIVISIONAL LEVEL  Creation of “New Works” proposal with justification & Abstract Cost.  Forward to Finance (Sr.DFM) for vetting.  Sanction of Proposal - by DRM (if within DRM powers)  Forwarding of proposals to Zonal Railway ( If beyond DRM’s powers)  Adding all the Works sanctioned under DRMs powers – to the list of “IN PROGRESS” works in IRPSM.  Assigned unique Project ID as explained below.  Reporting of status every month for each work by respective Exexutive Agency.  Generation & Printing (if desired only) of Works Programme reports. IRPSM @ ZONAL RAILWAY LEVEL  Examination and processing of “New Works” proposals as received from Divisions will be forwarded by CPDE – Chief Planning & Designs Engineer the respective Zonal Plan Head Co ordinators.  Creation of “New Works” proposals.  Forward to Finance (FA&CAO) for vetting.  The vetted proposals forwarded by Plan Head Co ordinators will be checked and then forwarded to GM through PCE for Sanction.  Sanction of Proposal - by GM (if within GM powers)  Forwarding of proposals to Railway Board ( If beyond GMpowers)  Adding all the Works sanctioned under GM powers – to the list of “IN PROGRESS” works in IRPSM.  Assigned unique Project ID as explained below.  Defining Funds availability & Sanction limits for Zonal Railway HQ & Divisions.  Reporting of status every month for each work by respective Exexutive Agency.  Generation & Printing (if desired only) of Works Programme reports. IRPSM @ Railway Board Level  Forwarding of proposals received from Zonal Railways by EDCE(G) to Nodal Directorates for respective Plan Heads.  On line shortlisting, Recommedning& Forwarding to EDCE(G) 147  Above 5 Crores each - Proposals forwarded by Nodal Directorates to EDF(X) – I & II for Finance Concurrence.  Below 5 Crores each – Online shortlisting, recommending & forwarding to EDCE(G) by Nodal Directorates through concerned AMs (Additional Members) for Plan Heads.  Compilation of all shortlisted proposals (Below 5 Crores each) by EDCE(G) for meeting of AM’s committee  At any time, ON LINE YELLOW SLIP can be attached on-line and file can be moved out of the normal path for consultation. All yellow slip communications will be kept off the general record.provision for the off-the- record consultation on Proposals.  Such shortlisted & recommended proposals for each Plan Head with On line consent and remarks of Finance will be processed by Nodal Directorates through EDCE(G) on the file for approval of Board &Honorable Minister for Railways.  Assigned unique Project ID as explained below. UNIQUE PROJECT ID - 14 DIGIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Zonal Division Plan Year of Authority Executing‍ Agency Serial Rly Head sanction sanctioned (like (Like Sr.DEN‍ or‍Number GM,DRM etc) Sr.DOM) UNIQUE PROJECT ID - 14 DIGIT - an example of Passenger Amenities Work (Plan Head 51) Sanctioned by GM in Mumbai Division of Central Railway 0 1 0 2 5 1 1 6 3 0 0 0 0 7 Central Railway Mumbai Division Plan Head 2016-17 GM Not identified Serial Number Hence Project ID for the above work is “01025116300007” ADVANTAGES OF IRPSM  A paperless office. All files will move online without involvement of physical files.  Completely reduce transit time of file from one office to another. Proposals reach Boards office within no time.  All requisite justification, plans, drawings, sanctions and permissions will be attached to the proposals.  Online monitoring the work in progress of all the works. IRMMS/IMMS: Electronic Procurement & IMMS : Indian Railways is a vast organisation with different department for Running the trains. Hence there is huge involvement of materials for maintenance. To facilitate and ensure the availability of materials in time a separate department called stores department is available in Indian Railways Stores department is involved in purchase of the materials for all the departments. It stocks some materials which are regularly required for day to day activities at convenient location, so that the procurement is made in bulk to get at economical rates. 148 Hence classification of materials at stores department is as below: 1. Stocked items: The materials stocked in the depot for supply to user departments. 2. Non-Stocked items: The materials not stocked in the stores depot, but purchased from market and supplied to the user on demand. Further all the materials in a depot are classified as; Imprest Stores, Non-Imprest Stores, Tools & Plant stores, Uniform Stationary (Books & forms), Surplus stores (Movable & Dead) and scrap. E-procurement: Electronic procurement is a collection of tools and practices involving internet technologies that allow an organization to create, maintain and optimize business relations with its vendors. E-procurement saves time as buyers do not need to leave their desks, or make phone calls to suppliers in order to place orders; they simply go through the internet and because suppliers receive the orders almost immediately, they can also fulfill and ship it much faster than the traditional procurement methods. E-procurement is done through websites; portals; internet catalogues/directories, extranets; market spaces; reverse auction and e-tenders. Payments are handled through payment gateways; electronic fund transaction or other internet systems. It involves exchange of communication by way of e-mail, chat, video-conference, instant messaging, file transfer protocols and electronic data interchange. All this need to be conducted in a secured environment using data encryption, digital signatures, and time stamping/lock. The e-procurement value chain consists of indent management, e-Tendering, e-Auctioning, vendor management, Purchase Order Integration, Order Status, Ship Notice, e-invoicing, e-payment, and contract management. Benefits of e-procurement: 1.Reduced Costs: E-procurement saves money,preventing duplicate spending, leveraging volume buying, and saves costs associated with paper-based systems(for example, the cost of stamps to mail your paperwork). 2.Transparent Spending : Electronically conducting procurement makes it easier to write and analyze reports on procurement systems, meaning we can ensure that procurement procedures conform to Railways policy. 3.Increased Productivity : 149  e-procurement is less time-consuming than traditional procurement. Having records stored electronically makes it easier to submit reusable tenders. Use of templates means paperwork can be filled out more quickly. 4. Eliminating Paperwork: With e-procurement , everything can be saved and stored electronically. This not only saves from needing more room, it also makes the process of finding older tenders more simple. 5.Increased Transaction Speed: e-procurement is both time-saving and efficient. As the electronic handling of tasks support and simplify the purchasing process, the transaction speed is increased. 6.Standardized Buying : Conducting purchasing electronically makes it easier for every department to conform required standards. 7. Reduced Errors Electronic paperwork is streamlined and thus easier to check for error. Along with this past orders are more easily referred. Integrated Railway Material Management System (IRMMS) : Centre for Railway Information System (CRIS) has developed the IRMMS module for Zonal Railway and Production Units.First time implemented in Eastern Railway on pilot project basis.After successful, implementation for all the required purpose it rolls out in all Zone and Production Units w.e.f. 01.04.2016.This module designed on such a basis ,by which no option remain open for wrong doing at any phase of material planning, procurement and disposal. The objective for creation of online module was to get required real time position of available and to be available material for better man power planning on shop floor. Integrated Railway Materials Management System (IRMMS) is the Application Software for Materials Management Department of Indian Railways for online activities for Procurement of Goods by Headquarters/Stocking Depots, Receipt and Issue of materials at Stocking Depots and Sale of Materials using E-Tendering, E-Auction and Reverse Auction of Indian Railways E-Procurement System (IREPS). The application allows users to capture or generate data at various levels of the Materials 150  Management process in a secure manner using various security features like digital signature, digital encryption certificate for encryption and decryption of data etc. The application can be accessed with valid user ID and Password in combination with a Digital Signature Certificate(DSC). The application is divided in different work areas depending upon the nature of activity viz. HQ Module, Depot Module, Auction Sale Module,Purchase Module for Depot/Division etc. The application is divided in to the following modules: link for IRMMS is available in the left navigation bar of the home page of IREPS application (www.ireps.gov.in). Important Features: i. Paperless working : In all phase of procurement and disposal by application of IMMS, bulk amount of paper can be saved which benefit us in environmental and in economical way. 2. Saving in time : By application of this module in all phase of procurement and disposal we save a lot of time. 3. Transparency: By application of this module there is no room for wrong doing by either supplier or purchaser. 4. Manpower: Due to IMMS it is very easy to work online hence it reduced the paper related works and man power also. 5. Standardisation : By application of this module nomenclature of material is unified over entire railway. Quotation rate will remain in range in entire railway. Material not procured in excess due to redundancy. 151 6. Optimum utility of material: As Indian Railways is diversified over wide geographical location, a material which obsolete ,surplus ,overstock in one Railway may be found critical in other Railway.By this surplus materials can be collected by required depot in real time. 7. Scrap sale : Earlier in auction, in practice only local bidders are participated in auction ,now bidders from throughout India can participated. which creates more competition among purchaser and thus increase revenue to Indian Railway. 8. Purchase Calendar: By implementation of this module from generation of stock recoupment sheet to tender process on time ,material receiving lead time is shorter and purchase calendar schedule maintains without abnormal delay. Modules: There are several sub modules in IMMS out of which some are as follows- 1) Purchase Module : This module contains registering of demand, creation of Purchase Proposal, publication of Tender, creation of Purchase Order etc. Inventory Control and Allied Activities: This module contains the activities related to PL number like opening and closing of PL number, revision in stock cards etc. 2) Depot Ledger :This module develops all functions of ledger section like stock recoupment sheet generation, AIS, supplementary demand generation ,emergency demand generation ,opening of an account for new stock item- stocking proposal, revision of AAC, stock master ,ARD etc. 3) Depot Module : This module develops all function of wards in stores depot like requisition registration, material issue to user ,receipt of material in stock account ,stock verification, depot transfer ,DT assistance ,old DT entries, item position ,stock master ,generation of various reports, monitoring of inventory (inactive, surplus and over stock items). 4)Receipt Module : This module devoted for receipt of materials from supplier and subsequently generating the DRR, test report, acceptance ,rejection ,correspondence to consignee ,correspondence to suppliers, preparation of R-note, preparation of rejection advice, accountal, dispatch/gatepass, item pending for acceptance ,DP expired PO, vender performance. 152 5) Local Purchase Module: This module devoted for emergency purchase of unit. such as demand generation ,tender preparation, tabulated offer ,order placement, order modification, PO cancellation ,PO register ,Delivery Period expired purchase orders, item position ,stock position etc. 6) Sales Module :It consist the function such as DS-8 note, lot formation,survey sheet , auction catalogue ,lot quantity, transfer, location ,exemption ,sale quires, e-auction report etc. Traffic survey- Traffic survey is a detailed study of traffic conditions and prospects of an area with the object of determining the most promising routes for the railways in the area. For the purpose of construction and financial implications, the railways lines are divided into three categories  Strategic lines  Protective lines  Commercial lines Strategic lines are constructed for the defence of the country. Protected lines are constructed to protect a particular part of the country from famine. Commercial lines are constructed keeping in view the idea of profit and loss. No financial justification is required for strategic and protected lines. It is for the commercial lines that the financial justification is required. An experienced administrative officer of the traffic (Comml / Operating) department should be entrusted with the work of traffic survey. To ensure that the estimates of anticipated traffic, capital cost and recurring expenses etc. are realistic and the financial appraisal of the project including the phasing of investments and returns at each stage are worked out as correctly as possible and with great deal objectivity, an accounts officer of appropriate status should be associated with the traffic survey officer. The traffic survey team should be supplied with terms of reference containing instructions regarding the scope and nature of the investigation to be carried out. The traffic survey team should also visit the HQ at various intervals both during the progress of the work in the field and during the period of recess in order to consult the General; Manager and where 153 necessary, have the original terms of reference modified by the competent authority. This would enable the main line administration to determine the design of the new line under investigation. The traffic survey team should also work in close collaboration with the engineering survey party if there is one in the field at the same time, and while collecting information should visit all the trade centers in the area, consult local authorities and prominent citizens freely both on regard to trade and industry and most suitable alignment for the proposed railway line. Traffic survey is mainly of two types.  Preliminary survey  Final survey Preliminary survey: Preliminary survey is done to determine how a proposed line will fit in the general development of railway and what return is likely to yield on the estimated total cost. It should be based on the careful study of  Existing map  Trade and population  Financial and statistical data of the railway of similar area  Modes of transport available in the area From this investigation, the railway administration decides whether traffic survey should be under taken or not and what would be the standard of construction. All estimates for traffic survey require the sanction of the railway board and the cost of the survey is included in the budget. Final survey: Final survey is done with the sanction of Railway Board. It depends upon the following factors.  Acquisition of land  High flood level  Boundaries of village lands  State Govt. requirement  Position of canals, rivers, culverts etc.  Station site and junctions  Diversion of traffic  Protection work required  Road ways and gradients  Expected cooperation of local public  Requirement of military and civil authority  Demolition of religious places and burial places 154 Estimation of coaching earnings: First find out the estimate of II class passenger earnings then add a percentage of upper class and coaching traffic. The following is the formula for II class passenger earnings. X = F X N X P X = Earnings from II class passengers F = Fare per journey N = Number of journeys per head per year P = Population diverted F and N are to be estimated on the basis of the existing line of the same length and type of section. Estimation of goods earnings: Such earnings are worked out keeping in view the following points  Outward traffic  Inward traffic  Long distance traffic  Short distance traffic  Economic condition of the area  Agricultural development in the area  Industrial development in the area  Existing market in the area  Merchants and Govt. departments will also be consulted Estimate of expenditure: The working expenditures are divided in to the following main heads.  Maintenance of structural work  Maintenance of supply of locomotive power  Maintenance and supply of carriage and wagons  Expenses on traffic developments  Expenses on general developments  Expenses on electrical developments  Miscellaneous expenses It is seen what would be the return after 6 years and 11 years which is known as productive test taking the life period of the line as 30 years. 155