Media and Information Literacy PDF

Media and Information Literacy Quarter 2 – Module 5: Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media Media and Information Literacy Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293...

Media and Information Literacy Quarter 2 – Module 5: Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media Media and Information Literacy Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Ronan DC. Vergara Reviewers: Cristeta M. Arcos Dolorosa S. De Castro Illustrator: Ronan DC. Vergara Layout Artist: Ren Mac Mac G. Motas Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Regional Librarian Susan DL. Oribiana, SDS Dolorosa S. De Castro, CID Chief Cristeta M. Arcos, EPS In Charge of LRMS Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village,Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Media and Information Literacy Quarter 2 – Module 5: Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. ii For the learner: Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Audio and Motion Dimensions of Information and Media! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. iii  Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! iv  What I Need to Know MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY Describe the different dimensions of: audio information and media motion information and media OBJECTIVES After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify types and formats of recorded sound and recording equipment 2. Explain principles of sound design 3. Explain concepts and principles of motion media 4. Apply sound and motion media principles through an audio-visual presentation 5  What I Know Write SPEED if the term refers to sound media and ROLLING if it refers to motion media. ________ 1. MP3 ________ 6. Pan ________ 2. Dolly ________ 7. FLAC ________ 3. Foley ________ 8. Tilt ________ 4. WAV ________ 9. WMA ________ 5. Truck ________ 10. Pedestal 6  Lesson Audio and Motion 1 Dimensions of Information and Media What’s In Every generation has a distinct characteristic, and let me share you mine. I belong to the age group who spent their high school years (which many call as the best moment of their lives) in the 1990’s, and we were called the Generation X. But we were also fondly called as the “MTV Generation.” That is Music Television. Without smart phones, most of our leisure time was spent watching music videos on TV. These were called MTVs, and by the standards of our time, MTVs were a spectacle of movement and sound, sometimes even devoid of meaning. Our parents would complain about our music and would even find the videos too much for them. But MTVs were very enjoyable for us, engaging us to save money to buy cassette tapes and the weekly “songhits” (our source of music chords) for guitar sessions with friends that seemed to last forever. Okay, so much for the nostalgia. Going back to the present, we encounter much louder songs and wilder MTVs. The quick-paced music videos of the 1990’s seemed to be slow music compared to what we have at present. Today’s videos are even much more accessible, with the internet offering us various video sharing programs, and social media sites posting more and more quick videos that can hook you even in just a matter of thirty seconds. With what you are having right now, can you imagine what would it be like when you get older? Throughout these changes, one thing remains common: our attraction to sound and moving visuals. As media and information literates, we must be aware of not just what these are, but also how these can become effective agents of communication. 7  What’s New Has any of the following happened to you? 1. You watched a foreign language film without any subtitle. 2. You stayed in a province where people speak a language that you do not understand. 3. You answer a choppy or garbled call. During that instance, did you experience “hearing” something or “listening” to something? Wait, you might ask, what is the difference between hearing and listening. Think for a while about these two words before proceeding to this lesson. Let me share with you one of my personal ways of enjoying them. I would watch foreign language movies and turn off the subtitles. You might find it a crazy idea of viewing something with a language that I do not understand, and to be honest, I would miss listening to the dialogue and instead just hear alien-sounding utterances of the characters. But then, there are more sounds in a foreign language film that can be listened to than can be heard. The non-language sounds matter so much because these are things that I can listen to, and through these, I am able to appreciate the sound component of the film. Hearing, as defined in www.umn.edu, is simply the act of perceiving sound by ear. However, listening is a conscious experience that requires concentration so that the brain can process meaning. I recall a TV program I watched years back, where Freddie Aguilar recalled the times he has his most famous song “Anak” to an audience that did not understand any Tagalog word. Aguilar said that, despite the language barrier, he saw tears in the eyes of the audience. That is a clear proof that sound alone is a contributing factor in appreciating a content. Therefore, you must be very careful in handling sound in crafting your work. Going back to my “unusual viewing experience,” there is another factor that makes me appreciate movies. Without subtitles to read, I tend to focus on every movement in the film. That is very important, because movies do not rely only on dialogue to tell a story. The visual component is just as important as sound. 8  Filipino actress Jaclyn Jose will be known forever in history as the first Southeast Asian to win Best Actress in the prestigious Cannes Film Festival for the Brillante Mendoza film “Ma’Rosa.” While some critics would comment that Jose did not deserve the award, the festival jury defended Retrieved from https://paradigmshifter0912.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/ma-rosa- Jose for her intensity of 2.png?w=634 her acting and would cite the final scene that was a shattering experience. So what is that scene? Rosa (Jose’s character) eating squid balls. What’s so dramatic about that? Have you experienced chewing food that you cannot swallow because you’re holding back your tears? That’s the scene that Jaclyn Jose successfully portrayed in visual form. The spectacular mix of sound and movement in film dictates its power in storytelling. This is what we will begin exploring now. Do keep these in mind as they are all needed for you to craft your final output for this course. What is It Audio Media Sound is an essential component of media. Your choice of sound and means of sound production can make or break the information you wish to convey. The sounds that are used in multimedia presentations come in different types. What are these? Marshall (2001) cites three: 9 1. Music often elicits emotions and arousal from listeners Calvert (2014). It is effective in mood setting and stimulates listeners in performing various personal tasks such as studying and meditating, as well as social functions like for courtship rituals, for the creation and maintenance of friendships, as a topic of conversation, and as a way to encourage dancing (Roberts & Christenson, 2001 on Calvert 2014). Adolescents use music primarily for mood regulation (Christenson & Roberts, 1998). Females consider music as a means to improve their mood or dwell on melancholic emotions, while males are more likely to use music for excitement. (Larson, Kubey, & Colletti, 1989, on Calvert, 2014) 2. Sound effects makes specific points, provides hint to the setting in the absence of visuals (e.g., squeaky doors, explosions, rustling leaves, etc.) Sound effects are grouped into four (Schneider, "Foley Room at the Sound Design 2009) Campus" by vancouverfilmschool is licensed under CC BY 2.0 a. Hard sound Those that appear on screen and are synchronized to the picture, recorded directly as what they are. b. Foley sounds Equally synchronized on screen but are not the original sound as what they appear to be. That means that they are recorded and mixed to appear as another sound on screen. c. Background sound All sounds that indicate ambience settings. They do not need to be synchronized to the picture. Ambience sounds are usually recorded in real life application in nature and then mixed. Common background effects include weather ambience and forest ambience, traffic sounds, etc. d. Design sound Describes a palette of sounds that usually do not occur in nature (laser weapon). They may be created from scratch with various audio editing tools and with the help of effect processors. 10 3. Narration is spoken message that often gives the most direct information. This is the most essential content in some media formats, such as audiobooks designed for the visually-impaired people or for those who want an alternative listening experience in novels and other traditional reading content. Henriques (2018) says that there are four types of narration: a. Fully-Voiced Reading (solo narration) Probably the most recognized style of reading. All of the characters are vocalized in a dramatic fashion or in a way that makes the characters distinguishable from one another, maintained throughout the entire audiobook, and usually all done by one voice actor/narrator. b. Partially-Voiced Reading (solo narration) Made when the voiced production (usually done by one narrator) focuses on giving certain characters a distinguishable voice – most commonly the protagonists or any character who has a distinctive voice in the narration. The other characters, normally the minor ones, do not need to sound dramatically different from one another. c. Unvoiced Readings (solo narration) The narrator reads the story in a natural, more straightforward tone. There are no changes in voice for different characters. The story is told in the narrator’s voice and the whole book is usually voiced by one voice actor. d. Multicast Readings / Full Cast Readings There is more than one voice actor hired to read the audiobook. This can range from two characters (duet narration) or more. Audio File Formats Sound comes in various digital formats. Schmidt (2020) posts 7 popular audio file types in www.canto.com: 1. M4A is an mpeg-4 audio file or audio-compressed file used because of increased quality demand as a result of cloud storage and bigger hard drive space in contemporary computers. It is preferred due to its high quality. 2. FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio file compressed into a smaller size of the original file. It is not frequently used compared to other sound file formats because it often needs special downloads to function. The advantage of FLAC is, being a lossless audio file, its compression can save size and promote sharing of an audio file while being able to return to the original quality standard. 3. MP3 is an MPEG audio layer 3 file format preferred because its compression saves valuable space while maintaining near-flawless quality of the original source of sound. MP3’s high quality and small size is very popular for all mobile audio-playing devices. It is compatible with nearly every device capable of reading 1  audio files. The MP3 is probably best used for extensive audio file sharing due to its manageable size. It also works well for websites that host audio files. 4. MP4 is an audio file type is a comprehensive media extension, capable of holding audio, video and other media. The MP4 contains data in the file, rather than code. This is important to note as MP4 files require different codecs to implement the code artificially and allow it to be read. 5. WAV is a Waveform Audio File that stores waveform data. The waveform data stored demonstrates strength of volume and sound in specific parts of the WAV file. It is entirely possible to transform a WAV file using compression, though it is not standard. WAV is typically used on Windows systems. They are usually uncompressed audio files, though it’s not a requirement of the format. 6. WMA (Windows Media Audio) is Windows-based alternative to the more common and popular MP3 file type. Its advantage is its lossless compression, retaining high audio quality throughout all types of restructuring processes. Despite its quality, it is not the most popular do to its inaccessibility to many users, especially those who don’t use the Windows operating system. 7. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is an audio file that delivers decently high- quality sound and is enhanced using advanced coding. It has never been one of the most popular audio formats, especially when it comes to music files, but the AAC does still serve some purpose for major systems. This includes popular mobile devices and video gaming units, where the AAC is a standard audio component. Some Tips for Low-Cost Sound Designing At this point, you might feel that the discussion of audio media is becoming more and more technical and consequently, impractical, especially with the minimal technology that we have. That has been my problem too. So, I intend to simplify matters by discussing something of a personal level. As I have mentioned earlier, I love films, but not just in the viewing level. I enjoy telling stories through movies, and I do this with CinemaCampo, a group of students with whom I can share my experience in filmmaking. We have been making film for six years now, and we’ve had winning and losing moments, all of which are great learning experience that add up to our pile of skills. We do not have high-end equipment, and sometimes, we even settle in using the most basic filmmaking gadget to date: a smart phone. Simple as it is, it still works wonders in telling stories. For the first time (yes, this is history), I am sharing with you some of the tips we have gathered these years. These are basics, and you may even have a better technique. Nevertheless, I hope you would get something from this and use your learning in your final performance task. 1. Never underestimate the power of natural sound. 2  The sounds made by nature and by industry is the best musical score you can use in your videos. When you shoot a scene, keep everybody silent and let the natural ambient sound go with the action. 2. Create your own sound bank. A sound bank comes in handy in case you need all natural and original sound. Keep your sound recorder (your phone, that is) handy at all times. Record a quiet night with only crickets and cicadas making sound, a rainfall, a busy street, strong winds, and more. When the time comes that you would need ambient sound, you will already have something available. 3. Go for original music, otherwise, search for royalty free music. When you upload a video with an incorporated copyrighted music, social media might instantly mute it because it violates copyright rules. In case you really need that particular song, ask somebody to do a cover of it for your use. Social media will not mute covers. Aside from this, you may opt to use royalty free music. Often times, the creators of this music do not ask for any royalty or talent fee except that their works must be duly cited in the end. 4. Eliminate unnecessary noise as much as possible. Sometimes, you cannot demand complete silence because of some circumstances. Based on our experience, our most common sound problems are wind, industrial noise, neighborhood noise (including the videoke), uncontrollable bystanders, and unmindful production team. The remedy is simple: shut them up or move away. For instance, we shot a scene along the river, and even if we want to record the natural sound of rushing water, we just could not do it because the river is right beside the express way. To solve the problem, we went to another creek, far from any unwanted noise, and recorded A scene from “Kinamulatan” (2016). This creek scene was shot directly beside South Luzon Expressway, so we could not totally use the recorded sound in the area. Good thing, we had another river footage without the traffic sound, so we looped it all throughout the sequence. 3  the sound of running waters. If this is impossible, you can use natural sound downloaded from a free source on the internet. 5. Be careful with your voice recordings. Some video contents rely greatly of voice component, like the instructional video materials currently being produced for DepEd TV, and poor sound can affect the content’s effectiveness, especially if the message is on the voice component itself. This is one of our downfalls in some filmmaking competitions, so we have been very cautious about this. The basic rule in sound recording is to direct the recording equipment as close as possible to the sound source. A microphone can easily accomplish this task. Good microphones are getting cheaper and more accessible these days, thanks to online shops, but in case you can produce do not have any yet, your smart phone can come in handy. Recording a voice-over, that is when the speaker does not have to appear on video, is simple. Just go to an isolated room and start recording. However, make sure that you are away from white noise, or unnecessary ambient sound. Turn of the air conditioning unit or electric fan to remove the constant humming sound. Echoing sound may be reduced if you record in a room with enough fixtures to absorb echoes, such as curtains. I had an experience recording with so much distracting noise around – the neighbors’ chickens, my pet dog, vehicles passing by – and I had to cover myself and my phone with towels just to lessen the external sounds. It was awkward, but it worked! You will have more noise problems when you record outdoors. Even a faint breeze can produce unpleasant hustling sound. If the speaker must be far from the camera, such as in long or full body shots, get another phone for a separate recording. Plug in the earphones with built-in Behind the scenes of our short film “BagongHakbangsaPangarap” mic, hide it in his/her (2015). We would have wanted to use natural conversation sound, clothing, and make sure the but the wind was disrupting our voice recorder. We opted to dub mic is close to his/her the dialogue, making sure that the separate voice recording was done outdoors to avoid the enclosed room sound. mouth. During editing, just remove the sound from the video recording and use the sound from the hidden recorder. Dubbing, the process of syncing video with sound that is not recorded at the same time, is an option, but I do not recommend it if you only have basic equipment. It is a good way to get rid of unnecessary noise, but it entails a lot of 4  rehearsals so that the movement of the mouth goes at the same pace with the vocal recording. We made a terrible mistake in dubbing, where in we recorded sound in a room for an outdoor scene. The result was awkward. Therefore, if you really have to dub and you do not have a good sound editing equipment, ensure that your location is the same as with the video to be dubbed. If the scene is internal, record in a room; if it is external, record outdoors, and remember to stay away from distracting noise. 6. Balance layers of sound. This is a problem we encounter when there is more than one layer of sound in a video, say, a layer for voice, a second layer for music, and a third layer for ambient sound. Remember to decrease the volume of the secondary and tertiary sound in order to highlight the primary sound. For instance, your video may begin with music, but lower its volume once the voice over enters. You may increase the music volume again after the voice over narration. What’s More Motion Media It is quite odd to teach the dynamics of movement in a printed medium (this module, that is), but I guess we can manage through pictures and diagrams for now. If you have access to the internet, you can watch related videos through YouTube. Check out the links as we progress through this lesson. Movement is another dimension that affects media and information. Every single movement that is incorporated in a video production contributes to the storytelling process or to elicit the desired emotions from the viewers. The Nashville Film Institute (2020) lists down the following purposes of movement in a video. 1. Creating dynamic scenes Consider the camera as the viewer’s eyes on a story; therefore, how the camera moves dictates how the viewers see a scene. Movements can make a scene more interesting. Say for instance a basketball scene wherein the camera moves inside the court throughout the game. It conveys the idea that the viewer is one of the players in the game. On the other hand, that same basketball scene shot from afar makes the viewer a spectator of the game. Which of these two is more exciting? 2. Influencing audiences’ emotional reactions: 5  As movement stands for the audience’s view, it can also influence emotions. Shooting a gang war scene with shaky hand-held camera lets the audience feel the chaos of the event, swaying the camera on a boat scene commands sea- sickness. I remember watching “Saving Private Ryan” which begins with a prolonged war scene perfectly executed with hand-held camera tracking the struggle of soldiers in the epic Battle of Normandy. The movement was so disturbing and dizzying, I just prayed war would stop soon. 3. Directing audiences’ attention: Camera movements can hide audiences’ vision and pull audiences away from certain elements on-screen. 4. Controlling reveals: Adding camera movements is also a great way to provide narrative information, reveal new subjects that were once offscreen, and even foreshadow or create ironic tension that characters are unaware of. Basic Camera Movement The camera is the basic equipment to record movement. Other devices, like the tripod, sliders, gimbal, dolly, and drone contribute to the quality of the captured video. They can be improvised, though. All it takes in a bit of creativity to get things done. Clark (2016) mentions https://help.sketchup.com/sites/help.sketchup.com/files/images/sketchup-1220896- six basic movements CameraMoves.png that are doable even with minimal equipment: 1. Dolly The name comes from the tracks be laid down for the heavy camera to move along. The phrase dolly-in means step towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards with the camera, keeping the zoom the same. This type of camera movement is often used to focus on a character when they’re lost in thought or when they’ve come to a sudden realization. (NFI, 2020) 2. Pedestal Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or horizontal axis. A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means “move the camera up;” pedestal down means “move the camera 6  down.”This movement is best used to shoot a tall character or subject. To use it effectively, move the entire camera up or down on a tripod with respect to the subject. (NFI, 2020) 3. Truck It is like dollying, but it involves motion left or right. Truck left means “move the camera physically to the left while maintaining its perpendicular relationship.”Trucking is often used during action sequences when you want to keep the camera on a moving character. (NFI, 2020) 4. Pan Moving the camera lens to one side or another, as if you are looking from left to right or vice versa. Panning can help you establish the location of a scene or let you follow a moving character. Panning can also help you reveal things that were previously off-screen. (NFI, 2020). 5. Tilt Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant, as if you are nodding. Tilting the camera can also help you reveal an object or person that was not on screen before and add an element of surprise to the scene you’re setting. (NFI, 2020) 6. Roll Moving the camera onto its side is a roll, the way a dog does when he doesn't understand. This is a very rare movement, and one you should only use for very specific purposes. Here are some other useful camera movement styles. 7. Zoom This technique allows you to move closer (zoom in) or farther an object (zoom out) without physically moving the camera (Leu, 2020). Instead, the camera’s lens does the job. This might lessen the image’s quality, that is why the dolly becomes a better option. 8. Following shot This is a type of tracking shot in which the camera continuously follows the subject’s action. (Leu, 2020). Following shots using handheld camera results to bumpy or shaky video, which may convey a realistic sense. Steadicams and gimbals may be used to create smoother following shots, but if you do not have this, you can still opt for the hand-held style, but stay relaxed to avoid the shakes. To execute this, I normally bend my knees a bit to lessen the impact of walking.. 7  What I Have Learned Filmmaking may be difficult, but it is a very rewarding experience. The joy of seeing my work on screen makes me feel that I have preserved something very precious, which I can share to the whole world. I hope I can give you at least a bit of that joy through this lesson. Here are screen shots from “Ligaw,” a short film we produced in 2019. As we go through the story, keep in mind also our previous lesson on visual media, as motion and visuals in film go side by side. I will also provide some notes on why we decided to use the shots. By the way, we used a couple of royalty free music from Kevin MacLeod, but the main music is an original composition entitled “Agos.” Moreover, the color is desaturated, almost in the sepia tone. What do you think is the purpose of washing out the color from this film? Briefly answer the questions that you will encounter. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Music starts, and the scene fades in. Jim, a young biker, travels along the highway, and it takes six different frames in one setting to show his travel, (We used GoPro for this scene, either held by our cameraman-biker or attached in the Jim’s bike) and while biking is a fun and trendy hobby with friends, we see Jim travelling alone, with a dragging song that speaks of life’s troubles setting the mood. At this point, we sense the problem. QUESTION 1: What camera movement is seen on Frame 2? Frame 4 Frame 5 8 Jim returns home and finds it empty again, with only notes on the wall from his sister, instructing his to eat on his own and clean his bedroom which he always lock. If you see the film, you will find this portion as a single take, showing how the spacious house feels gloomy and lonely. QUESTION 2: What camera angle is seen on Frame 4? Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8 QUESTION 3: Are Frames 8 and 9 full shot? If not what are they? Frame 9 Frame 10 Jim’s unkempt room is a mix of pointless light and shadows. Even the sound he produces with his guitar is pointless. On the walls are the sketches he made. No one (not even I) knows what is in his mind, but the visuals would give us a hint of his troubled mind. (We were inspired by the drawings of a teen actress who committed suicide. Her disturbing sketches were analyzed in order to help other teenagers suffering from depression.) Then, Jim is seen on the streets again, biking his way to darkness. Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 9  Frame 14 Frame 15 Morning comes and Jim wakes up in an unfamiliar place, with a mysterious lady that appears from a distance, even if Jim begins to approach her. QUESTION 4: Frame 14 is an establishing shot. What is its purpose? Frame 16 Frame 17 Frame 18 Frame 19 Frame 20 Frame 21 (Shooting these scenes are challenging because we wanted the camera to follow Jim through a demolished house, with the rough grounds and lack of camera stabilizer resulting to shaky footage, which is what we really intended for this sequence.) Frame 22 Frame 23 10  Frame 24 Frame 25 Frame 26 After an exchange of words, Jim is able to come closer to the mysterious lady, as if enchanted by her. They share a dance, and he wishes not to leave the place anymore, but the lady reminds him that all must come to an end. Frame 27 Frame 28 Observe how the shots of Jim and the lady together changes from long hot to extreme close up QUESTION 5: What do you think is the purpose of cropping the head in a close-up shot? Frame 29 Frame 30 Frame 31 Jim thinks of the people he will leave behind, his family, classmates and biking circle. They move farther and farther away, as if saying goodbye for good. QUESTION 6: Frames 29 to 31 are dolly shots? What do you call the dolly shot that moves farther from subject? Frame 31 Frame 32 Frame 33 11 Jim decides to leave, but the lady doubts if he could return. Jim promises he will be back for her, and in one static shot, we see how slow and difficult moving away is for Jim. He takes the long road away again and crosses the bridge. Frame 34 Frame 35 QUESTION 7: Recall for a while the lesson on visual media. Why must the main subject of the frame be moved away from the center, as seen on Frame 34? QUESTION 8: Frame 35 shows Jim, partially hidden by the metal bars, riding his bike from right to left? In a culture oriented to read from left to right, what does the right-to-left movement mean? Frame 36 In a sudden twist, we see what really happens to Jim. QUESTION 9: In order to establish the twist of the story, Frames 35 and 36 are taken in one shot, moving from the bridge, down to the river where we see Jim’s lifeless body. Since our production team do not have a pedestal, what camera movement did we use to capture this scene? 12  Frame 37 Frame 38 Frame 39 Jim finally “arrives” home, invisible to his sister and to his friends who drops by to ask about Jim’s absence. It is at that moment when Jim realizes what has happened to him and cries over his fate. The mysterious lady visits and concludes the story with the words, “’Di ba ang sabi ko sa ‘yo, hindi ka na makababalik? (Didn’t I tell you that you cannot come back anymore?” Frame 40 Frame 41 QUESTION 10: Observe the orientation of Frames 40 and 41. What do you think is the reason why the scene set like that? What I Can Do Sound Trip Are you tired of reading? Why not take some time for sound tripping and take a new perspective on our popular songs. Here is a list of 10 OPM songs to choose from: 1. Hanggang sa Huli (by SB19) 2. Paubaya (by Moira Dela Torre) 3. Kathang Isip (by Ben and Ben) 4. Imahe (by Magnus Haven) 5. Hanggang Dito na Lang (by TJ Monterde) 6. Huling Sandali (by December Avenue) 7. Hindi Tayo Puwede (by The Juans) 13  8. Kahit Kailan (by South Border) 9. Bakit ba Ikaw (by Michael Pangilinan) 10. Kabilang Buhay (by Bandang Lapis) Choose one song and listen to it intently. After listening, answer the following questions: 1. What story does the song tell? 2. How does the song’s speed and accompanying instruments contribute to the story? The singer/s is the narrator of this story. Consider him/her/them as the voiced character/s. Do the vocals effectively convey the story? How? (Take note: consider only the voice and music, not the lyrics of the song.) Assessment Identify the term being defined. YOUR ANSWER 1. synchronized on screen sound that is not the ________________________ original sound as what they appear to be 2. ambiance sound, or the sound incorporated ________________________ to establish the environment or surroundings of a scene 3. the style of solo-narrator reading where all of ________________________ the characters are vocalized in a dramatic fashion 4. an MPEG file format preferred for its small ________________________ size and near-flawless sound quality 5. type of music sourced from the internet that ________________________ does not require fees when used 6. moving the camera lens to one side or ________________________ another, as if looking from left to right or vice versa 7. a type of tracking shot in which the camera ________________________ continuously follows the subject’s action 8. moving the camera up or down without ________________________ changing its vertical or horizontal axis 9. moving the camera lens up and down as if ________________________ nodding 10. A movement similar to dolly but with ________________________ sideward motion 14  Additional Activities Reflection: Fast Talk – Modular Mode As we go to reflection mode, let us consider the subject you are most familiar with and relate audio and motion media to who you are or what you feel right now. Let’s do a modified fast talk. Choose one from the given option and explain why. Ready? OPTIONS YOUR ANSWER black or white? ________________________________________________ ballad or rap? ________________________________________________ MP3 or MP4? ________________________________________________ dolly or zoom? ________________________________________________ tripod or handheld? ________________________________________________ Notes to the Teacher This activity is highly integrated with the lesson on visual media, that is why some of the answers here can be taken from the previous lesson. This is done to justify the strong connection between visual and motion media. 15  Answer Key Assessment What I Have What I Know 1. foley Learned 1. SPEED 2. background 2. ROLLING 1. truck sound 3. SPEED 2. low angle 3. fully-voiced 4. SPEED 3. No. Medium shot reading 5. ROLLING 4. To describe the 4. MP3 6. ROLLING setting of the 5. royalty-free 7. SPEED scene music 8. ROLLING 5. To convey 6. pan 9. SPEED intimacy 7. following shot 10. ROLLING 6. Dolly-out 8. pedestal 7. To emphasize 9. tilt the subject 10. truck 8. To show a sense of not moving forward 9. Tilt 10. To show that things will not be the same again Notes to the Teacher Answers will vary on the “What I Can Do” activity. It would be helpful for you to acquaint yourself with the songs to gauge whether your perceptions are the same with that of the learners. Nevertheless, since this portion is subjective, I suggest you give more bearing on how the learners justify their answers. The same is true with some of the items in the “What I Have Learned” activity. 16 References Calvert, S.L. (2013). “Children’s media: The role of music and audio features.” Applications: Music and Sound in Multimedia. Retrieved from http://cdmc.georgetown.edu/wp- content/uploads/2014/02/Role-of-music-and-audio-features_Calvert.pdf. Clark, R. (2016). Basic Camera Movement. Bulb. https://www.bulbapp.com/u/basic- camera-movement Henriques, C. (2018). “Styles of Voice Over Narration.” Voices.com. Retrieved from https://www.voices.com/blog/styles-of-voice-over-narration/. Leu, A. (2020). 6 Basic Camera Movements (and why they matter!). Seenit Academy. https://seenit.io/seenit-academy/s2-e5-camera-movement/. Marshall, D. (2001). Types of Audio in Multimedia Applications. Retrieved from. https://users.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave.Marshall/Multimedia/node34.html#SECTION02141 410000000000000. Nashville Film Institute (2020). Camera Movements: 10 Essential Movements You Should Know. Retrieved from https://www.nfi.edu/camera-movements/ Ricart, J.R. (2018). “20 Types of Shots, Camera Angles, and Movements All Videographers Should Know”. Wix Blog & Social Media. https://www.wix.com/blog/photography/2018/12/06/types-of-shots Schmidt, C. (2020). 7 Popular Audio File Types to Consider. Canto.com. Retrieved from https://www.canto.com/blog/audio-file-types/. Schneider, S. (2009). Audio in multimedia – its fast changing methods and growing industry. Bachelor’s Thesis. Lahti University of Applied Sciences. https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4127/Schneider_Sebastian.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 17 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]