Ther2010 Pathophysiology 1 Assignment #2 F24 PDF

THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 Assignment Description: The primary objective of this assignment is to empower students to enhance their study techniques by creating a set of usable charts/templates based on the content learned in weeks 9-11. You will also make connections to mass...

THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 Assignment Description: The primary objective of this assignment is to empower students to enhance their study techniques by creating a set of usable charts/templates based on the content learned in weeks 9-11. You will also make connections to massage considerations for each condition. Through this assignment, students will develop a usable study aid to explore key concepts effectively, ultimately improving their academic performance. Students are permitted to use sources cited from the internet in addition to the course textbook; however, keep in mind that there may be a variance between sources. As course material and evaluations are cited from Porth, I would suggest that you use this resource as the source of truth. Your other program texts will also be valuable particularly Rattray, Moore and Magee. Please include a reference list. The assignment is due on Friday November 22nd by 11:59 pm Please submit via the Dropbox located in the Evaluations Module. This assignment is worth 51 marks (10% of your overall grade). ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS Complete the following charts. While bullet points are permissible, please ensure your responses are thorough. 1. BONE PATHOLOGY: PATHOLOGY PRIMARY ETIOLOGY MAJOR SYMPTOMS MASSAGE CONSIDERATIONS Osteonecrosis Interruption of the Bone death Often treated by blood supply to the Pain even at rest massage after marrow. (ischemia) Mobility issues medical -trauma or fractures (limited ROM) interventions like -thrombosis, surgery. embolism, sickle cell -Risk of infection for disease client. -idiopathic Avoid treating until -administration of cleared by doctors. corticosteroids -treat associated pathology – if area is immobilized for a while, treat any potential short or long surrounding structures Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 Bone Infection: -direct S/S of infection: Massage: wait until Osteomyelitis- Acute contamination of an fever, weakness infection is gone Osteomyelitis- Chronic open Pain on movement before massaging wound/fracture of a In Chronic: Long -Can be a sign of bone. term deformity of Tuberculosis or -Spread from the bone, neuro another infection bloodstream symptoms. -Gentle supportive (hematogenous) – movements for can be caused from recovery from Tuberculosis. treatment or surgery -Skin infection. Insufficient blood flow will lead to poor tissue health and skin infection can spread to bone. 2. DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS PATHOLOGY PRIMARY MAJOR SYMPTOMS MASSAGE CONSIDERATIONS ETIOLOGY Legge-Calve-Perthe Unknown cause - -Pain in the thigh -Risk of fracture or may be related to and knee. dislocation acute trauma or -Trouble walking, -Massage can help with malnutrition. limping. compensatory symptoms Affects the -Limited abduction such as posture issues or femoral head, and internal gait. and avascular rotation necrosis of the -disturbed growth epiphyseal pattern, creates a center. broad and short Primarily affects femoral neck. white males aged Abnormal 3-12 epiphysis. Osgood-Schlatter Overuse during Enlarged tibial -focus on decreasing tone in the development tuberosity, pain in quads of quads, strain front of knee, pain CI for inflammation at tib tub on patellar during activity, tendon, affects swelling/thickening athletic of patellar tendon adolescents Developmental Could be -Asymetry of the can often self-resolve, early Dysplasia of the Hip Hereditary, from hip and gluteal intervention is critical in the environment, folds, limited prognosis. or mechanical abduction, Bracing/harnessing/splinting. factors. shortening of the Surgery can be done if severe Breech delivery thigh so one knee is case. Risk of avascular necrosis of femoral head. Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 Lax ligaments, higher than the -can treat associated more common in other dysfunctions from left hip than right -Positive Ortolani bracing/splinting or surgery. due to fetal sign or Barlow position, more maneuver =click common in sound during females due to manual testing progesterone and other hormones. Scheuermann Structural Disease hyperkyphosis mostly present in adolescents Genu Varum Bow legged, Gait awkwardness, caused by age, infants are varum from 0-18 months, -causes in adults Genu Valgum Knock kneed, Lax medial infants are knock collateral ligaments, kneed around 3.5 Gait awkwardness, years when -postural symptoms crawling -causes in adults 3. DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS PATHOLOGY PRIMARY ETIOLOGY MAJOR SYMPTOMS MASSAGE CONSIDERATIONS Scoliosis -Congenital: Pain from secondary Address Hemi/Wedge structure short/hypertonic vertebra, uneven compressions, muscles on concave limb length. Rib humping, side and elongated -Neuromuscular: Uneven shoulders, on convex Cerebral Palsy, one hip higher than -massage can help muscular dystrophy, the other decrease secondary other diseases of the compressions nerves or muscles. -can help restore -Common in joint play in areas females, above and below adolescents, right affected structures. Thoracic area. -Be mindful of any -Structural scoliosis underlying can be idiopathic. conditions Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 -pins, screws, etc can be present. Torticollis -Congenital: Neck muscle pain, Development of pain down spine, only one SCM. spasm of neck -Infant position in muscles, inability to Utero turn head, head -Labor: Spasm after tilted to one side trauma during delivery – use of forceps for ex. -“Wryneck” - Ligament injury, facet irritation, trigger points in any cervical rotator. 4. METABOLIC DISEASES PATHOLOGY PRIMARY ETIOLOGY MAJOR SYMPTOMS MASSAGE CONSIDERATIONS Osteopenia Can be due to or in -decrease in bone mass -treatment of conjunction with -bone deformation underlying another pathology like -inadequate pathology osteoporosis. remineralization -physical therapy -Can occur with -deossification to increase bone anorexia. mass or density -high acidity in the such as weight blood can erode the bearing exercise. bone. - Osteoporosis -Bone with holes. -susceptibility to Weight training to -Imbalance between fractures. help with bone resorption and -vertebral collapse, density formation. More is dowagers hump. -surgical being resorbed than -Often Asymptomatic interventions could formed. before a fracture – no be happening -Aging deep bony pain like in -routine screening -Mineral deficiency - osteomalacia. to identify risk lack of vitamin D and -Falls that fracture, before a fracture calcium absorption in fractures that cause falls. -meds – anabolics the intestine. -If neck of femur is to help build, force -Most common in eroded, turning fast can vitamin D and menopausal women, cause it to snap and a fall calcium to be small frame. can happen from there. absorbed better. -endocrine disorders, Ex: estrogen and estrogen deficiency. testosterone. antiresorptive to Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 -secondary to other stop your bones pathologies, smoking, from absorbing corticosteroid use. themselves. -Risk of fracture – avoid aggressive techniques, take safety measures to make sure clients don’t fall getting on and off the table. -Focus on strengthening and pain reduction. -May need additional pillows and supports. Osteomalacia -Calcium insufficiency -Bone pain and -Stress fractures -Vitamin D deficiency!! tenderness. are very common -Phosphate deficiency, -Muscle weakness -Massage can help lack of intestinal -Fractures with poor address the deep absorption. healing pain and muscle -GI disease, lack of -accompanied by weakness. proper nutrient hyperparathyroidism. -Watch for absorption from the -if calcium in the blood is underlying intestinal tract. Chron’s, low, parathyroid will pathologies for Colitis, IBS/D, celiac. dump its hormone into their own CI’s -diseases of the biliary the system to take the -osteoporosis CI’s system(gallbladder), calcium from the bone apply. liver, and kidney, will and into the blood. affect absorption. -Renal Ricket’s – disorder where kidney cannot activate vitamin D and phosphates are being leaked out. Ricket’s -Juvenile Osteomalacia. -Less long bone growth -Same as -Nutritional -Hypertrophy of the Osteomalacia deficiencies, epiphyseal cartilage -Softness with -cystic fibrosis – affects because it isn’t replaced epiphyseal plate growth with bone. will need to be -inadequate sunlight -delayed ossification cautious. -Genetic conditions -enlarged soft skull -Bone is made of -prolonged -lumbar lordosis, cartilage still, be breastfeeding bowlegs, abnormal shape careful not to -Same pathologies as to thorax, stunted injure. osteomalacia can cause growth Ricket’s. Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 -All stemming from growth plates not calcifying. Growing issues. Paget’s Disease -Osteoclasts resorb -Affects axial skeleton -Pain meds, anti- bone rapidly, then the most inflammatories, chaotic bone formation -Bone pain suppressant drugs by osteoblasts. -Skull involvement can to decrease bone -due to genetic lead to headaches, resorption environmental vertigo, tinnitus -Physical therapy influences, can also be a -Cement lines in bone for weight bearing viral cause. -osteogenic sarcoma exercises. -Common in northern (boney tumors) -With massage, Europeans 40 and up. -can also be risk of fracture, asymptomatic/symptoms may need extra can be easily dismissed. support. -fractures/bowing at the -Same as site of poorly formed osteoporosis. bone. -focus on strengthening and pain reduction. Acute Fatigue -due to increased activity -Viral or Bacterial infections -Mental stress -Using crutches – arm muscles are type 2 muscle fibres and fatigue easily. Chronic Fatigue -People who have been -Prolonged exhaustion bedridden and lost -Coupled with muscle mass, strength anxiety/depression and endurance -Often preceded by -Often experienced by cold/flu symptoms, those with chronic recurrent health problems. exacerbation/remission -If Myalgic and each one is worse Encephalomyselitis/CFS: than the last -Low grade fever -Blood in stool -Tender cervical lymph nodes - Rubric: Mark Allocation Per Question Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences  THER2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 – ASSIGNMENT #2 – F24 Question Number Total Maximum Number of Points 1 – Bone Pathology Chart 6 2 – Developmental Disorders (A) 18 3 – Developmental Disorders (B) 6 4 – Metabolic Diseases 21 TOTAL 51 marks Massage Therapy – School of Health & Life Sciences