Energy Transformations PDF

Energy Transformations 1.1 Welcome Notes: Welcome to “Energy Transformations”, an interactive science tutorial for students like you. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.2 Objective Notes: By the end of this tutorial you should be able to explain what electrical energy is and that it can be...

Energy Transformations 1.1 Welcome Notes: Welcome to “Energy Transformations”, an interactive science tutorial for students like you. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.2 Objective Notes: By the end of this tutorial you should be able to explain what electrical energy is and that it can be transformed into different forms including heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion. Let’s learn all about how energy can be transformed or changed from one form to another. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.3 Prior Knowledge – What Is Energy? Notes: Before we get started, let’s review a couple things. You should already know that energy is the ability of something to do work. Everything we do and everything that happens requires some form of energy. You should also know there are two main types of energy: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy. Potential Energy is energy that is stored and just waiting to be used. Kinetic Energy is the energy that involves motion or movement. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.4 Kinetic Energy Notes: We know that when things move they have kinetic energy. Some things that move are super big, like the Sun. That’s an easy one to remember. But some things that move are super small, like atomic and subatomic particles. Those are a little harder to remember because we don’t see them moving, even though we know they are moving. It doesn’t matter what size something is; if it’s moving, it has kinetic energy. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.5 Practice 1 Notes: Take a look at the soccer game. Based on the video is the following statement true or false? The soccer ball has kinetic energy. Correct Choice Yes True No False Feedback when correct: Good work, the statement is true. Objects in motion involve kinetic energy, just like this group of kids playing soccer and the ball moving around. Stored energy, like when a soccer ball is stuck in a tree, is called potential energy. Feedback when incorrect: Not quite, the statement is true. Objects in motion have kinetic energy. The group of kids playing soccer and the ball moving around has kinetic energy. Stored energy, like when a soccer ball is stuck in a tree, is called potential energy. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.6 What Are Some Types of Kinetic Energy? Notes: There are many different forms of kinetic energy, and they all have one thing in common, they all have to do with movement. It’s easy to see large objects moving, like cars speeding around a racetrack, so we know they have kinetic energy. It’s the ones we can’t see that we sometimes have a hard time remembering. These are things like electrical energy, heat, which makes the temperature change, sound that we can hear, and light that we can see. These all involve the movement of things too small to see with our unaided eyes. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.7 Practice 2 Notes: Select all images that best represent some types of kinetic energy. Correct Choice Yes Biking kids Yes Swinging kids Yes Light Yes Heat Feedback when correct: Wow! Great work selecting all of the correct examples of kinetic energy. Bikers, a swinging kid, light and heat are all examples of kinetic energy. For energy to be kinetic, there must be movement, even if it’s so small we can’t see it, like the particles that are moving for sound, light, or heat. Feedback when incorrect: Sorry, but actually all of the images show kinetic energy. Bikers, a swinging kid, light and heat are all examples of kinetic energy. For energy to be kinetic, there must be movement, even if it’s so small we can’t see it, like the particles that are moving for sound, light, or heat. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.8 Light and Electrical Energy: Part 1 Notes: The Sun gives off lots of light. Light is all around us and is a very important type of energy. Light energy is the radiation of energy that our eyes can detect. It is the energy source we use to see everything around us. From sunlight, to lamplight, to even a campfire light. Light is everywhere. Even on a stormy night there is light from lightning. Watching a lightning storm from a safe distance can be fun. When clouds build up enough electrical energy from moving charged particles, that we cannot yet see, lightning will eventually strike. The lightening becomes the energy we can see. Lightning is a result of electrical energy that transforms into light energy. When lightning strikes and hits a tree, the energy is transformed into heat or thermal energy. The tree gets really hot and can even burn down. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.9 Light and Electrical Energy: Part 2 Notes: Since we now know that electrical energy in the atmosphere can produce lightning that we can see as light energy, what is this electrical energy? Electrical energy is the movement of charged particles from one place to another through a material called a conductor. In our homes this energy comes through the power lines and through the wires in the house that we can use to turn on the lights when a lamp is turned on. We use artificial light from light bulbs in all parts of our lives. From reading a book, to making a sandwich, to even growing a plant. Electrical energy and light energy go hand in hand every day. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.10 Practice 3 Notes: Drag and drop the type of energy that is best represented by the images showing the transformation of one energy type to another. Drag Item Drop Target Light energy The desk lamp Electrical energy The electricity plug and socket Thermal energy None Sound energy None Feedback when correct: Great job! Electrical energy that comes from the movement of charged particles can transfer through a wire and be transformed into light energy by a lamp. Feedback when incorrect: Uh-oh, the lamp did not turn on. Electrical energy that comes from the movement of charged particles can transfer through a wire and be transformed into light energy by a lamp. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.11 Thermal and Electrical Energy Notes: Another type of energy that we deal with every day is thermal energy. We typically call thermal energy heat. Heat, or thermal energy, comes from particles in matter that are constantly vibrating, or moving. As the particles move faster, the temperature increases. Since objects all around us have a certain amount of heat energy, the particles that make them up are in motion all the time. Heat energy is very important and is produced by many things like the Sun, a campfire and even the Earth. We can use different types of energy to transform into heat energy. One common energy type that gets transformed into thermal energy is electrical energy. Placing a pot of water on a stove to boil, requires a lot of heat. The electrical energy goes through the coils in the stove and transforms into a tremendous amount of thermal energy. This thermal energy from the stove is then transferred to the water in the pot. When enough energy is transferred, the water starts to boil. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.12 Practice 4 Notes: Let’s see how good we are with heat. Select each item that represents thermal energy. Correct Choice Yes Energy from particles in matter that are constantly vibrating, or moving. Yes As the particles move faster, the temperature increases. Yes Can be transformed from electrical energy No The movement of charged particles from one place to another Feedback when correct: Thermal perfection! Thermal energy or heat is the energy from particles of matter that are constantly vibrating. This vibration rate increases as the temperature increases and thermal energy can be transformed from electrical energy. Electrical energy is the energy from the movement of charged particles from one place to another. Feedback when incorrect: Thermal overload. Take a look at the correct answers. Thermal energy or heat is the energy from particles of matter that are constantly vibrating. This vibration rate increases as the Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org temperature increases and thermal energy can be transformed from electrical energy. Electrical energy is the energy from the movement of charged particles from one place to another. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.13 Sound and Electrical Energy Notes: Sound is a type of kinetic energy that produces the vibration of particles. The vibrations from sounds are called waves. The particles that transfer sound waves can be in many forms, but the most common type that we deal with is air. Air particles transfer the sound waves to our ears so that we can hear what is happening around us. Think about all the ways we hear sounds, through other people talking, birds chirping and even the music we listen to. Most of the time when we listen to music we are hearing it come from speakers. Those speakers transform electrical energy into sound energy by moving the speaker back and forth. These speakers can be very small like in headphones, or large like in concert speakers. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.14 Practice 5 Notes: Let’s see how good we are with sound. Select the item that best describes sound energy. Correct Choice No As the particles move faster, the temperature increases. Yes Type of energy transferred by waves that vibrate particles. No Radiant energy that we can see. No The movement of charged particles from one place to another. Feedback when correct: Tuning true! Sound energy is made by waves that vibrate particles. When those waves hit your ears, you are able to hear the sound that they make. Feedback when incorrect: Sound off. Sound energy is made by waves that vibrate particles. When those waves hit your ears, you are able to hear the sound that they make. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.15 Motion and Electrical Energy Notes: When it’s hot from playing outside, sometimes you can’t wait to cool down. Fans are great for moving air and cooling us down. Fans use the energy of motion to rotate a blade to push air. As this air passes by us we feel cooler. But how does this energy of motion happen? Inside the fan is a motor that takes electrical energy being transferred through the plug and wires and transforms it into a rotational energy of the fan blade. Electrical energy is very useful for transforming into many types of energy. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.16 Practice 6 Notes: What type of energy can electrical energy be transformed into? Correct Choice Yes Sound Energy Yes Energy of Motion Yes Light Energy Yes Thermal Energy Feedback when correct: Electrifying! Electrical energy can be transformed into many different types of energies. Sound energy from speakers, light energy from lamps, energy of motion from fans and thermal energy from stoves can all be transformed from electrical energy. Feedback when incorrect: You got zapped. Electrical energy can be transformed into many different types of energies. Sound energy from speakers, light energy from lamps, energy of motion from fans and thermal energy from stoves can all be transformed from electrical energy. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.17 Practice 7 Notes: Match each type of energy with the description that it best defines. Drag Item Drop Target Sound Energy Energy made by the vibration of particles we can hear Electrical Energy Energy from the movement of charged particles from one place to another Thermal Energy Energy from particles in matter that are constantly vibrating, or moving Light Energy Radiant energy that we can see Feedback when correct: Great job! Electrical energy, the energy of charged particles can be transformed into many other types of energy. Sound energy is the vibration of particles by sound waves that we hear, thermal energy is the vibrating of particles in matter from heat, and light energy is the radiant energy that we can see. Feedback when incorrect: Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org Not quite. Remember that electrical energy, the energy of charged particles can be transformed into many other types of energy. Sound energy is the vibration of particles by sound waves that we hear, thermal energy is the vibrating of particles in matter from heat, and light energy is the radiant energy that we can see. Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org 1.18 Lesson Review Notes: We have learned a lot about energy today! We’ve learned that energy is the ability to do work and it can be potential or kinetic. Potential energy is stored energy waiting to do a job, while kinetic energy is all about movement. Kinetic energy exists in different forms, such as electrical energy, light, sound, and heat. When you look around, you probably see many different things happening. You may see things moving, hear sounds, or even feel things moving. Just about everything that happens requires energy and usually includes one thing causing another thing to happen. Energy can be transformed from one form to another. We use electrical energy in many ways to perform many jobs. Electrical energy can be transformed into many different forms such as light, heat, sound, and energy of motion. Energy is all around us and is so important to our lives. Thank you for using this original tutorial. Be sure to check out our other original tutorials too. --- Credits All images licensed from Getty Images, iStock, or ThinkStock unless noted otherwise. Boiling Water, Large, A.wav" by InspectorJ (www.jshaw.co.uk) of Freesound.org Copyright © 6/22/2020 – CPALMS.org