Absolute Monarchs PDF

The Age of Absolute Monarchs By the end of the Renaissance, new nations were formed in Many of these Europe nations we...

The Age of Absolute Monarchs By the end of the Renaissance, new nations were formed in Many of these Europe nations were ruled by powerful kings with unlimited power known The era from as absolute 1600 to mid- monarchs How did European 1700s was kings gain so much known as the The Rise of Absolute Monarchs During the Middle Instead, feudal Ages, European kings lords had real power were because they not very powerful controlled local manors & had the The loyalty ofCatholic knights Church was the dominant religion in The Europe Pope had power over the peasants The Rise of Absolute Monarchs The Crusades This trade sparked stimulated trade & the Renaissance & led to the rise weakened the power of cities in Europe of feudal lords As feudalism declined, the power of kings increased During the Hundred Years War, new weapons like the cannon & longbow weakened the power of the nobles & knights As feudalism declined, the power of kings increased  The power of the Catholic Church weakened as a result of the Crusades & the Protestant Reformation As the power of the church declined, the power of kings increased The Rise of Absolute Monarchs During the Renaissance, European kings taxed merchants & bankers and used the wealth to Monarchs used build powerful their armies power build centralized governments to control Some their monarchs nations used overseas exploration to gain colonies and  By 1600, some Absolute monarchy European kings had is a government in become absolute which one king monarchs Peter should the hold all the Frederick the Greatwithin power of a Great of Prussia Absolute monarchs Russia country controlled all aspects Louis of their nations, XIV of including taxes, France religion, the military, & the economy Maria Phillip Theresa of II of Austria The Rise of Absolute Absolute Monarchs monarchs believed in divine right, the idea that God created the monarchy & kings answered only to God, not the people Louis XIV of France Examine the portrait of French king Louis XIV & find 3 things in the painting that help show Louis as an absolute monarch  France before King Louis XIV Before Louis XIV came King Henry IV to power, France was a tried to fix this nation in conflict between issue by Catholics & French Protestants (called declaring Huguenots) religious toleration called the Edict of Nantes After Henry IV died, Catholic leaders took control of France, ended the Edict of Nantes, weakened the power of nobles, & Louis XIV By the time Louis XIV came to power, France was an absolute monarchy Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years & became the classic example Louis XIV ofbelieved that an absolute he was the monarchy government, (“L’etat c’est moi”): He excluded nobles from gov’t decisions Louis XIV Louis XIV called himself the “Sun King” because he felt that French power emanated Louis XIV had a from him positive impact on France: His economic advisors used With this wealth, overseas colonies Louis built a & mercantilism powerful army to generate new He encouraged wealth & transformed manufacturing to France into the make France self- Louis XIV Louis XIV had a negative impact on France: He involved France in expensive wars that failed to gain France new lands & led to massive debts War of Spanish He used wealth & art to glorify himself, including constructing a massive palace called Versailles The Legacy of Louis XIV As a result of Louis XIV, France became the most powerful nation But, in decades Europe of lavish spending by monarchs led to massive debts & heavy taxes Eventually, the French people grew frustrated & overthrew the monarchy  Peter the Great of Examine Russia the portrait of Russian king Peter the Great & find things in the painting that help show his accomplishme nts  Russia before Peter the Great Russia’s was influenced by the IvanByzantine Empire but was conquered III successfully by the Mongols liberated Russia from the Mongols & ruled as the first czar (“caesar” or Over“king”) time, czars expanded Russia’s borders, increased their power over the nobles, & created an absolute monarchy Peter By the the time Great Peter theBut Russia was not Great became czar in as advanced as 1682, Western European Russia was a large nations empire  Russia before Russia was Peter isolated the from Great Western Europe & knew very little about the new ideas of the Renaissance While European nations grew wealthy from trade, made cultural advances, & had strong economies… …Russia had no advanced industry, no overseas colonies, & an Most economy Russians were of small-scale feudal peasants farmers working for nobles  Czar Peter the Great wanted to modernize & “Westernize” Russia to catch up with Europe In disguise, Peter toured Europe to learn new ways to modernize Russia While in Europe, Peter learned new ideas about shipbuilding, manufacturing, gov’t organization, When he returned from Europe, Peter Adopted European imposed new fashions by banning reforms beards for men & veils to Westernize for women Adopted a Improved Russia: European farming calendar technique Used s mercantilism as an economic iron Moderniz Created policy & lumber ed the factories army & navy Made himself head of the Orthodox Church Peter expanded Russia’s borders & built a new “European-style” Russian capital at St. Petersburg The Legacy of Peter the Great As a result of Peter the Great, Russia became a more advanced, Western nation But, modernization was a slow process & Russia had not fully industrialized by World War I During World War I, revolutionaries overthrew the monarchy & created a radical new gov’t Elizabeth I of England Examine the image of Elizabeth on her throne & explain how monarchs in England might have ruled differently than those in France or England before Queen Elizabeth I Unlike other nations in Europe, England had a limited monarchy rather than an absolute monarchy In 1215, nobles During the Middle forced Ages, English King John to sign the nobles revolted Magna Carta which against a cruel king limited the king’s England before Queen Elizabeth I The Magna Carta Parliament is a created a “limited legislative group of monarchy” & led to commoners & lords the formation who work with the Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII, transformed England during the Protestant Reformation by After creating Elizabeth’s sister Henry’s the Mary death, his Anglican became son queen Edward Church & tried to became convert England back to king, but he Protestants Catholicism; died at the age of“Bloody who ignored 15 Mary” were executed After Mary’s death in 1558, Elizabeth became Elizabeth ruled queen for 45 years & became the greatest Elizabeth monarch refused in to English history share power with a man & never married (she was known as  During her reign, Elizabeth worked with Parliament to settle important issues One of the most important issues was to determine what religion England would be: Anglican or Catholic?  During her reign, Elizabeth worked with Parliament to settle important issues  During her reign, Elizabeth worked with Parliament to settle important issues One of the most important issues was to determine what religion England would be: Elizabeth Anglican & or Parliament Catholic? passed the Act of Uniformity which made Anglicanism the official religion of …but England… many Catholic traditions & rituals remained This compromise settled the religious  She promoted capitalism & mercantilism by encouraging joint-stock companies to invest in oversees exploration & colonization  During Elizabeth’s reign as queen, England experienced a golden age in culture, especially literature & theater  After Elizabeth’s death in 1603, the Stuart family assumed the monarchy Unlike Elizabeth, these Stuart kings refused to work with Parliament & tried to create an absolute monarchy in England  Conflicts between Parliament & the Stuart kings led to a violent civil war in …and a1642… near civil war in 1688 called the Glorious England After Elizabeth After the Glorious Revolution, Parliament required the new monarchs to sign a Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights protected citizens from their gov’t: The king cannot tax or overturn Parliament’s laws Protected freedom of speech The army cannot be Together, used the Magna as a police force Carta No excessive bail & Bill of Rights created a “constitutional monarchy” in England