ABG Practice Quiz PDF

ABG Practice Quiz **1. A patient presents with the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.30 - **PaCO₂:** 50 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 24 mEq/L What is the patient's acid-base imbalance? A\) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Partially compensated metabolic a...

ABG Practice Quiz **1. A patient presents with the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.30 - **PaCO₂:** 50 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 24 mEq/L What is the patient's acid-base imbalance? A\) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ D) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low, indicating acidosis. The PaCO₂ is elevated, suggesting respiratory acidosis. Since HCO₃ is normal, no compensation has occurred, making it **uncompensated** respiratory acidosis. **2. A patient with kidney disease has the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.29 - **PaCO₂:** 37 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 18 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder? A\) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low, indicating acidosis. The HCO₃ is decreased, suggesting metabolic acidosis. The PaCO₂ is normal, meaning no compensation has occurred. **3. A patient experiencing prolonged vomiting has the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.50 - **PaCO₂:** 47 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder? A\) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ B) Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis\ C) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high, indicating alkalosis. HCO₃ is increased, pointing to metabolic alkalosis. PaCO₂ is also elevated, showing an attempt at compensation, but since pH is still abnormal, it is **partially compensated**. **4. A patient with chronic COPD presents with the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.38 - **PaCO₂:** 55 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance? A\) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** A) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is within normal range (but slightly toward the acidic side), the PaCO₂ is elevated (respiratory acidosis), and HCO₃ is also increased (compensatory response), indicating **full compensation**. **5. A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.52 - **PaCO₂:** 30 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 24 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder? A\) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), the PaCO₂ is low, suggesting respiratory alkalosis. Since HCO₃ is normal, no compensation has occurred. **6. A patient with DKA presents with ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.25 - **PaCO₂:** 30 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 16 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** pH is low (acidosis), HCO₃ is low (metabolic), and PaCO₂ is also low (respiratory compensation), but pH remains abnormal. **7. A patient with kidney failure has ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.37 - **PaCO₂:** 30 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 18 mEq/L A\) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ C) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** A) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is normal but slightly on the acidic side, HCO₃ is low (metabolic acidosis), and PaCO₂ is also low (compensation). **8. A patient with severe diarrhea has ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.20 - **PaCO₂:** 38 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 14 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), the HCO₃ is low (metabolic acidosis), and the PaCO₂ is normal, meaning no compensation. **9. A patient with asthma exacerbation has ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.31 - **PaCO₂:** 58 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 28 mEq/L A\) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), PaCO₂ is high (respiratory acidosis), and HCO₃ is high (compensation attempt), but pH is still abnormal. **10. A patient with vomiting for 3 days has ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.48 - **PaCO₂:** 50 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 32 mEq/L A\) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ B) Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis\ D) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), the HCO₃ is high (metabolic alkalosis), and PaCO₂ is also high (compensatory), but pH is still abnormal. **11. A patient with pneumonia has the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.28 - **PaCO₂:** 55 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 26 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance? A\) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis\ D) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), the PaCO₂ is elevated (respiratory cause), and the HCO₃ is normal, meaning no compensation has occurred. **12. A patient with chronic renal failure has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.35 - **PaCO₂:** 30 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 18 mEq/L A\) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis\ C) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is normal but leaning toward acidosis, HCO₃ is low (metabolic acidosis), and PaCO₂ is low (respiratory compensation), indicating full compensation. **13. A patient experiencing an overdose on sedatives has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.25 - **PaCO₂:** 60 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 28 mEq/L A\) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), PaCO₂ is high (respiratory acidosis), and HCO₃ is also high (attempting compensation), but pH is still abnormal. **14. A patient in septic shock has the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.20 - **PaCO₂:** 29 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 14 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** B) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), HCO₃ is low (metabolic cause), and PaCO₂ is also low (compensatory mechanism), but pH is still abnormal. **15. A patient who is hyperventilating due to pain has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.55 - **PaCO₂:** 28 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 24 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), the PaCO₂ is low (respiratory cause), and the HCO₃ is normal, indicating no compensation. **16. A patient with prolonged NG suctioning has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.51 - **PaCO₂:** 48 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 34 mEq/L A\) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ B) Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis\ C) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), HCO₃ is high (metabolic cause), and PaCO₂ is also high (compensation), but the pH is still abnormal. **17. A patient with severe dehydration has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.48 - **PaCO₂:** 44 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 31 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ D) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), the HCO₃ is high (metabolic cause), and PaCO₂ is normal, meaning no compensation. **18. A patient with chronic emphysema has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.38 - **PaCO₂:** 56 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 32 mEq/L A\) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis\ B) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis\ D) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis **Answer:** A) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is normal but leans toward acidosis, the PaCO₂ is high (respiratory acidosis), and HCO₃ is elevated (compensatory response), indicating full compensation. **19. A patient suffering from a panic attack has these ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.60 - **PaCO₂:** 22 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 24 mEq/L A\) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis\ B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis\ C) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis **Answer:** A) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis **Rationale:** The pH is high (alkalosis), the PaCO₂ is low (respiratory cause), and the HCO₃ is normal, meaning no compensation. **20. A patient in renal failure presents with the following ABG values:** - **pH:** 7.32 - **PaCO₂:** 30 mmHg - **HCO₃:** 18 mEq/L A\) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis\ B) Fully compensated metabolic acidosis\ C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis\ D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis **Answer:** A) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis **Rationale:** The pH is low (acidosis), the HCO₃ is low (metabolic cause), and the PaCO₂ is also low (respiratory compensation), but the pH is still abnormal.