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Here is the content from the image, converted to markdown format: ## Cell Differentiation * Differentiation is the process where a stem cell becomes a specialized cell. * A variety of cell types can be produced, with cells forming depending on the complexity of the organism. ## Can Cell Diffe...

Here is the content from the image, converted to markdown format: ## Cell Differentiation * Differentiation is the process where a stem cell becomes a specialized cell. * A variety of cell types can be produced, with cells forming depending on the complexity of the organism. ## Can Cell Differentiation be Reversed? * Because all cells contain the *same* DNA, all cells initially have the *potential* to become any type of cell. * However, once a cell *differentiates*, the process ## How Does Differentiation Happen? * All somatic cells have the same DNA, but only *certain* genes are activated. * Active genes determine cell structure, *function* and *organelle composition* of a cell. ## Inside the Cell - Structural and Functional Changes * Organelle Changes: Specialized cells adjust their organelles to meet specific *functional*needs. * Energy Needs: Some cells (like *muscle* cells) increase *mitochondria* for energy, while others (like red blood cells) lose organelles to optimize function. * Structural Adaptations: Cells may change *shape* or develop new structures (e.g., in neurons). ## Specialized Cells & Their Functions ### Red Blood Cells * Function: Transport *oxygen* and remove $CO_2$ and cellular waste. * Lose *nucleus* and mitochondria to maximize space for hemoglobin. * Shape: *long* ### Muscle Cells * Function: Movement * Increased amounts of *mitochondria* and abundant proteins specialized for muscle contractions in the body. ### Nerve Cells * Function: Transmit impulses to maintain * Large nucleus, numerous *vesicles (transportation)*, and increased mitochondria. * Shape: -like extensions help with transportation of signals ### Bone Cells * Function: Provide Support * Osteoblasts build bone using through ER and Golgi. * using *lysosomes*.