Fundamentals of Mobile Computing PDF

10/30/2024 Fundamentals of Mobile Computing 1 What is Mobile Computing? Mobile computing refers to the ability to access and process information on portable devices without being restricted by location. 2 1 ...

10/30/2024 Fundamentals of Mobile Computing 1 What is Mobile Computing? Mobile computing refers to the ability to access and process information on portable devices without being restricted by location. 2 1  10/30/2024 Mobile Computing Features Mobility, connectivity, Real-time access to information, and wireless communication. 3 Mobility in Cellular Communication Mobility: The defining feature of mobile computing. Handoff Process: The seamless transition from one cell tower to another as users move between cells. Continuous Service: Ensuring uninterrupted connection as the user moves through different areas. 4 2  10/30/2024 Feature of Mobile Computing 1. Portability: Devices should be portable, lightweight, and capable of operating without constant power. 2. Connectivity: The network should be reliable with minimal downtime, even as devices move. 3. Interactivity: Devices should communicate efficiently with other nodes in the system. 4. Individuality: Mobile systems should cater to personal user needs (custom apps, personalized notifications). 5 Network Design for Mobile Computing Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) WAP was a stripped-down version of HTTP, a basic protocol and the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web (WWW). Also, applications were developed using an XML-based Wireless Markup Language (WML), which the WAP Forum invented for use with WAP 6 3  10/30/2024 Network Design for Mobile Computing WAP did not meet the commercial expectations for several reasons, such as: WAP browsers, with their slow speed. They did not support the user experience, especially on small screens that were too small to allow surfing on the web. Also, reading a sentence fragment at a time and then waiting seconds for the next segment to download created criticism amongst users who labeled WAP services as ‘Wait and Pay.’. 7 Network Design for Mobile Computing Wireless LAN Design Considerations: Factors like user traffic, the number of devices, location of access points, and interference. Wide Area Radio Networks: Challenges of building and integrating a private radio network with an existing infrastructure. Ensuring minimal dead spots and maximizing coverage. 8 4  10/30/2024 Advantages of Cellular Networks Scalability: Add more towers to extend coverage and improve service. Lower Power Consumption: Devices use less energy when connecting to nearby towers than a central transmitter. 9 Mobile Computing Devices Netbooks: Small, lightweight laptops with essential processing power. Cell Phones: Early mobile phones versus modern smartphones, focusing on technological advancements. Smartphones: Powerful handheld computers capable of running apps, connecting to the internet, and more. Smart Pads: Devices with advanced touchpad technology that allow multi-finger gestures. 10 5  10/30/2024 Mobile Application Design challenges Technical Data Security: Design: Compression: Managing Reducing the Protecting data network data sent over from capacity, the network to unauthorized response time, maximize access through and system bandwidth encryption and availability. usage. firewalls. 11 How would you ensure the mobile app is fast, secure, and efficient? Data Caching Minimize Network Requests Lightweight Design Data Encryption Authentication Regular Updates Battery and Resource Management 12 6  10/30/2024 Limitations of Mobile Computing Range and Bandwidth Limitations: Mobile internet speeds are slower compared to wired connections. Security Concerns: Mobile devices are vulnerable to security breaches when using public networks. Power Consumption: Mobile devices are constrained by battery life, which can be problematic in power- intensive tasks. Interference: Terrain, weather, and distance from a cell tower can interfere with signal quality. 13 The Future of Mobile Computing 5G Networks AI in Mobile Devices Wearable Technology 14 7  10/30/2024 How will mobile computing utilize AI, 5G, or wearables to transform the healthcare, and entertainment industries? Healthcare AI: Enhances diagnostics with AI-powered image analysis, personalized treatment plans, and predictive analytics for patient care. 5G: Enables real-time remote surgeries, telemedicine, and faster patient monitoring and health records data transfer. Wearables: Continuous health tracking for vital signs, early detection of medical conditions, and improved patient engagement through personalized insights. 15 How will mobile computing utilize AI, 5G, or wearables to transform the healthcare and entertainment industries? Entertainment AI: Delivers personalized content recommendations, AI-generated media, and immersive experiences using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). 5G: Supports high-quality streaming with ultra-low latency, interactive live events, and seamless gaming experiences. Wearables: Enhances interactive experiences with AR/VR headsets and wearable devices, creating immersive entertainment and gaming experiences. 16 8  10/30/2024 Mobile Application Development 17 Device Fragmentation Challenges Device fragmentation refers to the wide variety of mobile devices in the market, each with different screen sizes, resolutions, hardware capabilities, and operating system (OS) versions. This variety makes it challenging for developers to create an app that works seamlessly across all devices without significant adaptations. 18 9  10/30/2024 Feature in Device Fragmentation Screen Sizes and Aspect Ratios Hardware Capabilities Operating System 19 Challenges Developers Face Due to Fragmentation 1. UI/UX Design Consistency 2. Performance Optimization 3. Compatibility Issues 20 10  10/30/2024 Strategies for Handling Fragmentation 1. Responsive and Adaptive Design Techniques: Responsive Design: Use flexible grids, layouts, and media queries to ensure the UI automatically adjusts to fit any screen size. Adaptive Design: Build multiple versions of the UI for specific screen sizes or breakpoints (e.g., small, medium, large) to provide an optimized experience. 21 Strategies for Handling Fragmentation 2. Dynamic Asset Management: Use scalable vector graphics (SVG) and multiple-resolution image assets to ensure images display correctly on all screen densities. Employ density-independent pixels (dp) in Android and points (pt) in iOS to scale UI elements proportionally across different devices. 22 11  10/30/2024 Strategies for Handling Fragmentation 3. Testing Across Devices and Emulators: Real Device Testing: Use actual devices for critical testing to observe real-world performance, touch responses, and app behavior. Emulators and Cloud Testing Platforms: Utilize tools like BrowserStack or Firebase Test Lab to simulate app behavior on various devices and OS versions without owning each device. 23 Strategies for Handling Fragmentation 4. Backward Compatibility: Ensure that the app supports older OS versions while still taking advantage of the latest features on newer versions. Use feature detection techniques to enable or disable functionalities based on the device's capabilities. 24 12  10/30/2024 Case Study on Device Fragmentation Cross-Device Consistency: Both apps deliver a similar user experience across various devices by maintaining a uniform UI. Responsive Design: Use of flexible layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions. Dynamic Scaling: UI elements scale based on screen density to remain crisp and touch-friendly. Backward Compatibility: Support for older OS versions to ensure functionality on various devices. Platform-Specific Guidelines: For a native look and feel, follow Material Design (Android) and Human Interface Guidelines (iOS). Feature Detection: Adapt app functionalities based on device capabilities to optimize performance. 25 Good Practices Consistency: Ensure a familiar interface on all devices. Adaptability: Design responsive and scalable UI elements. Testing: Use tools to identify and fix fragmentation-related issues. Platform Guidelines: Align designs with Android and iOS standards for a native experience. 26 13  10/30/2024 Create First App 27 Creating your first mobile application Understanding the File Structure: MainActivity.java: The main Java file where we will write the logic for the app. activity_main.xml: The layout file defines the app’s user interface (UI). AndroidManifest.xml: Describes essential information about the app, such as its package name and activities. 28 14  10/30/2024 Edit the Layout (activity_main.xml) 29 Edit the Layout (activity_main.xml) 30 15  10/30/2024 Edit MainActivity.java package com.example.helloworldapp; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } } 31 16