CCS101 Introduction to Computing PDF

CCS101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Overview of Computing Industry & Computing Profession Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson students will be able to: Understand the different emerging technologies and its purpose in the society Identify the different IT profes...

CCS101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Overview of Computing Industry & Computing Profession Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson students will be able to: Understand the different emerging technologies and its purpose in the society Identify the different IT professions and its role in the computing industry Understand the skills necessary to be an IT professional.  Computing Industry The computing industry is influenced by technologies used in the following fields: Real Estate Consumer Business Automotive Financial Manufacturing Healthcare Education Telecom Media Energy Government As of 2020 current situation in technology denotes insights on: Increased investments in technologies implementations New business models Work on the operational efficiency Technology management Value of data, Customer centricity Combination of technologies and cross-industries partnerships for new customer’s benefits Rebuilding the workforce and creating the digital workplace, Regulatory rethinking and Security and privacy become a #1 priority.  Computing Industry Artificial Intelligence (AI)Artificial intelligence is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, but advancements in machine learning and deep learning are creating a paradigm shift in virtually every sector of the tech industry. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer sciences that emphasizes the development of intelligence machines, thinking and working like humans. For example, speech recognition, problem-solving, learning and planning.  Computing Industry Security IT security is a set of cybersecurity strategies that prevents unauthorized access to organizational assets such as computers, networks, and data. It maintains the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information, blocking the access of sophisticated hackers. Big Data Big data is a combination of structured, semi structured and unstructured data collected by organizations that can be mined for information and used in machine learning projects, predictive modeling and other advanced analytics applications.  Computing Industry Mobile Apps Development Mobile application development is the process of creating software applications that run on a mobile device, and a typical mobile application utilizes a network connection to work with remote computing resources. Hence, the mobile development process involves creating installable software bundles (code, binaries, assets, etc.) , implementing backend services such as data access with an API, and testing the application on target devices.  Computing Industry Augmenter Reality/Virtual Reality/ Mixed Reality/ extended Reality (AR/VR/MR/XR) Augmented reality (AR) adds digital elements to a live view often by using the camera on a smartphone. Examples of augmented reality experiences include Snapchat lenses and the game Pokemon Go. Virtual reality (VR) implies a complete immersion experience that shuts out the physical world. Using VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard, users can be transported into a number of real-world and imagined environments such as the middle of a squawking penguin colony or even the back of a dragon  Computing Industry Mixed Reality (MR) experience, which combines elements of both AR and VR, real- world and digital objects interact. Mixed reality technology is just now starting to take off with Microsoft’s HoloLens one of the most notable early mixed reality apparatuses. Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term that covers all of the various technologies that enhance our senses. whether they’re providing additional information about the actual world or creating totally unreal, simulated worlds for us to experience. It includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies  Computing Industry Robot Process Automation (RPA) Robotic Process Automation is the technology that allows anyone today to configure computer software, or a “robot” to emulate and integrate the actions of a human interacting within digital systems to execute a business process. RPA robots utilize the user interface to capture data and manipulate applications just like humans do. They interpret, trigger responses and communicate with other systems in order to perform on a vast variety of repetitive tasks. Only substantially better: an RPA software robot never sleeps and makes zero mistakes.  Computing Industry Blockchain Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. It is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain. Each block in the chain contains a number of transactions, and every time a new transaction occurs on the blockchain, a record of that transaction is added to every participant’s ledger. The decentralized database managed by multiple participants is known as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).  Computing Industry Autonomous Driving An autonomous car is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and operating without human involvement. A human passenger is not required to take control of the vehicle at any time, nor is a human passenger required to be present in the vehicle at all. An autonomous car can go anywhere a traditional car goes and do everything that an experienced human driver does.  Computing Industry Business Intelligence (BI) Business intelligence combines business analytics, data mining, data visualization, data toolsand infrastructure, and best practices to help organizations to make more data-driven decisions  Computing Industry Cloud Computing refers to running workloads remotely over the internet in a commercial provider’s data center, also known as the “public cloud” model. Popular public cloud offerings—such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Salesforce’s CRM system, and Microsoft Azure—all exemplify this familiar notion of cloud computing. Today, most businesses take a multi cloud approach, which simply means they use more than one public cloud service.  Computing Industry Service Desk Service Desk Management/IT Service Desk Management the process of managing the IT service desk that forms the point of contact between the IT service providers and the IT service users. Most organizations use a centralized approach of IT service desk management, where there’s a central point of contact between service providers and users and all incidents are managed centrally.  Computing Industry Biometrics Biometrics is the technical term for body measurements and calculations. It refers to metrics related to human characteristics. Biometrics authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palmprint, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent. Behavioral characteristics are related to the pattern of behavior of a person, including but not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice.3D printing.  Computing Industry The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing unlike conventional machining, casting and forging processes, where material is removed from a stock item (subtractive manufacturing) or poured into a mold and shaped by means of dies, presses and hammers. Drones Drones are being commonly used these days to capture addresses by politicians, concerts, and live sports events. They can provide a perspective to the audience that no other technology can provide. In the past, cameras hung from cables were used to capture aerial views  Computing Profession What is Information Technology?  IT is short for Information Technology, a broad term covering all aspects of managing and processing information.  IT professionals design, develop, support and manage computer software, hardware, and networks.  Computers are being effectively used in other fields ranging from Computer software used to write an online exam, computer generated animation in a blockbuster movie, ordering books over the Internet, banking, satellites and systems that enable NASA to explore Mars, are all developed by innovative IT professionals. The phenomenal growth that this industry is witnessing has led to it being recognized as one of the highly paid industry. The availability of skilled, qualified professionals is hardly able to meet the requirement, leaving a large gap to be filled by those with ambition, aptitude and willingness to work hard. Computing Profession Careers in IT With an ever expanding business needs, a wide variety of career opportunities are available in computing. This list is by no means exhaustive and is only meant to be representation of the types of jobs available, mainly being categorized under two heads: 1. Software 2. Hardware  Computing Profession Computer Engineers Computer engineers work with the hardware and software aspects of systems design and development. They often work as part of a team that designs new computing devices or computer-related equipment. Computer hardware engineers usually design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of computer hardware—such as chips or device controllers.  Computing Profession Network Specialist The rapid spread of computer networks has resulted in the increase of requirement of specialists responsible for the security and administration of the networks they design and implement systems that keep networks functioning smoothly. Their duties may be planning and installation of the hardware and software that comprise the network, addition – deletion of files to the network server, maintaining the peripherals connected to the network, troubleshooting problems  Computing Profession Software Computer Programmers Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the programs or software. They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Programmers are of two broad types: 1. Applications programmers- They usually focus on business, engineering, or science. They write software to handle a specific job they may also revise existing packaged software. 2. Systems Programmers - The Computer Systems software such as Operating System, Compilers etc are maintained and controlled by them.  Computing Profession Content Development Content typically includes product descriptions, basic operations and field applications, installation and configuration, alignment procedures, maintenance and system performance information. Content developers write, edit, shape, and aggregate information. They are responsible for producing high quality, comprehensive product and system materials for documentation by interpreting technical data into written content that can easily be used by technical personnel and end users with varying degrees of knowledge.  Computing Profession Database Administrators (DBA) They are the keepers of database accuracy, efficiency, maintenance and development. The DBA function requires Database Planning, requirements gathering and conceptual design, logical design and transaction design, physical design and implementation, testing and debugging. Database operations and maintenance, installation, conversion and migration, training and support are also their work activities. They should be able to communicate well, verbally and in writing. Database administrators may advance to managerial and leadership positions.  Computing Profession Database Specialist Database Specialists design, install, update, modify, maintain, and repair computer databases. Duties may include:  Providing technical support for existing databases  Modifying existing databases  Customizing commercial databases for specific needs  Planning and designing databases for new clients  Solving problems to meet the needs of clients  Programming databases for a wide variety of applications  Overseeing the installation of new databases  Training staff in client companies about the use of new or existing databases  Computing Profession E-Commerce E-Commerce deals with doing business over the Internet and World Wide Web. These professionals are responsible for exploring a n d d e v e l o p i n g t h e e v e r – growing sales channels and the expanding customer base. The primary activities may be identifying E- commerce fields, customers, marketing, providing online technical support and finally administration, resulting into improvement of online Business to Business (B2B) transactions, improving the product sales on Internet.  Computing Profession IT and Education To match the speed at which the IT industry is growing, we need more trained professionals every year. They could be a faculty at of the training institutes that impart training on various subjects or working with universities. All you need to have is your degrees in place and a passion to teach Interface Designer Human-computer interaction is a relatively upcoming field in computer science, which deals with ergonomic and interface details in computing. Interface designers design the user interface of a computer system, the communication system between the user and the computer, what you see on the computer screen while using a program and, how a user is led through a program or process.  Computing Profession Quality Assurance (QA) QA, when applied to web sites, is the process of enforcing quality control standards and working to improve the processes that are used in producing the web site and its components, infrastructure and content. When well implemented, a web site should see progressive improvement in terms of both lessening rate of defects and general increase in site usability and performance. Even the best designed and developed sites will experience problems and failures, so a good quality assurance team should set expectations -- for the entire web site team and with management -- for what QA can effectively accomplish.  Computing Profession Software Engineers Software engineers or software developers working in applications development analyze users’ needs and design, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Those involved with the systems software may research, design, and test operating system software, compilers, network distribution software. Systems Analyst Also referred as a systems developer and systems architect. They enable computer technology to meet individual needs of an organization. This may include planning and developing new computer systems or devising ways to apply existing systems’ resources to additional operations. They also may prepare cost-benefit and return-on- investment analyses to help management decide whether implementing the proposed system will be financially feasible.  Computing Profession Technical Writer They have a varied number of activities to perform, which may be to design, write and edit manuals, brochures and online help in the software industry. Web Design Multimedia and Web developers build, design / write or edit on-line information, supporting websites including on-line help. Interface Design and Usability Testing Engineers Usability engineers and interface designers help software developers make and test programs that are user-friendlier.  Computing Profession Proposal Writers These help engineers and scientists write successful proposals. Web Designer They are responsible for creating, maintaining and supporting Internet sites for organizations. They are responsible for day-to-day site design and creation. They should be comfortable working closely with clients and developing web sites according to the client's requirement References Besuenña, J. S. (2019) Introduction to Information Technology Computer Fundamentals. Unlimited Books Carey, P. (2019) New Perspectives on HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Cengage Publishing Maynard, P. (2020) Principles of Computer Science. Larsen and Keller Education Revano, T. F, (2019) Computer System Organization with Assembly. Mindshapers Co., Inc. Tayuan, Ronina R. C. (2019) Living in The Information Technology Era. C&E Publishing Inc. W3Schools. (2022) HTML Tutorials. Retrieved August 8, 2023, from https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!