Rizal's The Philippines: A Century Hence PDF

RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Lesson 10 -The Philippines: A Century Hence -Annotation of Antonio Morga’s LEARNING OUTCOMES Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas  Analyze Rizal’s ideas on how to...

RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Lesson 10 -The Philippines: A Century Hence -Annotation of Antonio Morga’s LEARNING OUTCOMES Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas  Analyze Rizal’s ideas on how to rewrite Philippine history.  Compare and contrast Rizal and Pre-test Morga’s different views about Filipinos and Philippine culture Encircle the correct answer. 1. Who was the author of Travelers in the Philippines which Rizal read and admired for such author foretell the downfall of the Spanish rule and the coming of Americans to the Philippine shore? A. Alexander Dumas C. Beecher Stowe Subversive B. Hans Andersen D. Dr. Feodor Jagor 2. In this political essay, Rizal mentioned in the near future America would invade the Philippines. How many years in the future that this foresight happened in our country? A. 100 C. 50 B. 150 D. P300 3. In Leitmeritz, when Rizal and Viola was visiting Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt who was amazed by Rizal's fluency in German language. How many months did he study German? A. 9 C. 5 B. 7 D. 11 Pre-activity If you were to be given the chance or ability to see the future of the Philippines 30 years from now, what do you think would you see? Write your predictions. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 66 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS The Philippines A Century Hence A sketch map, by Dr. Rizal, of spheres of influence in the Pacific at the time of writing “The Philippines A Century Hence,” as they appeared to him. Most of the French names will be easily recognized, though it may be noted that “Etats Unis” is our own United States, “L’Angleterre” England, and “L’Espagne” Spain. Originally named “Filipinas dentro de Cien Años” and published in La Solidaridad (September 30,1889-February 1, 1890). Charles Derbyshire – Translated Dr. Jose Rizal’s “Philippines: A Century Hence” in English language. Based from the prediction made by Feodor Jagor, a German traveler and professor whom Rizal met in Berlin, Germany. Feodor Jagor visited the Philippines in 1873 whom where he noticed some of the signs in his predictions. Rizal read the book by Feodor Jagor in Spanish translation when he was still in Ateneo de Manila. It was given by his older brother, Paciano. It is an essay wrote by Dr. Jose Rizal pertaining of what could happen to the Philippines a hundred years in the future. According to the translated version made by Charles Derbyshire, the book of Jagor may fueled Rizal’s aspiration for preparing his countrymen to Industrial and Commercial competition. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 67 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS PART I Dr. Jose Rizal predict that the Philippines may soon threat to the Spain. "Our frankness may bring upon us; we shall in the present article threat of the future" Rizal narrated a brief history of the Philippines for it is necessary to know the history of the country to determine its future. "In order to read the destiny of people, its necessary to open the book of its past." The Philippines are so attached to Spain that whenever the Spain have changes, Filipinos are greatly affected. "When people changes its form of government, its law, usage, customs, religion and beliefs, the Philippines were depopulated, impoverished and retarded – caught their metamorphosis without confidence in their past, without faith in their present and with no fond hope for the years to come. PART II Rizal mentioned some of the first heroes of the Philippines such as Gat Pulintang and Gat Salakab. He also mentioned the heroic Kagayanes and Magalats. Filipinos still remain in savagery even after three centuries. Rizal states that the Spanish government had failed to keep the ignorance of the Filipinos, thus awakening their national consciousness which are augmented by ethical advancement of the Filipinos. The new class of people (educated) who are augmented by the realities of the Spanish authority will soon form the existence of the country. The Catholic censorship had keep the Filipinos to Holy ignorance thus, rejecting freethinkers. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 68 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS PART III The governors realize that the transformation of the Philippines will be bloody but I will be less bloody if the transformation come from the upper class. Upon realizing the probable escalation from this transformation, the government have introduced some reforms. Dr. Jose Rizal addressed this reforms as “Palliative” meaning that the Government are introducing cure without knowing the cause and making them not different from quack doctors. With this, our country is most likely reminded to Sancho Panza in Barataria island where he took his seat on appointed table covered with fruits and variety of food but when Pedro Rezio interposed Sancho was as hungry as ever. The result is the long suffering of Sancho (Philippines) misses  Sancho Panza = Philippines his liberty and ends up rebelling. In this manner as long as the  Dishes = Reforms Philippines have no liberty of press, all the efforts of the colonial  Pedro Rezio = many people ministers will meet the fate like the dishes in Barataria Island. interested in not having the food touched A government that governs in a country may even dispense with the press because it is on the ground has eyes and ears, and directly observes what is rules and administers. The minister who wants his reforms be reforms must begin by declaring the press in the Philippines free and by instituting Filipino delegates. Eventually, the natives realized that such oppression in If the Philippines would be assimilated their society by foreign colonizers must no longer be with Spain then there should be a tolerated. In this case some governors have been trying to political reformation through: introduce needed reforms.  Freedom of Press so the The question then arises as to what had awakened the peninsula could hear the hearts and opened the minds of the Filipino people with Filipino’s complaints. regards to their plight.  Inclusion of Filipino deputies in the government  Equal educational opportunities NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 69 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS PART IV “The existence of a foreign body within another endowed with strength and activity is contrary to all natural and ethical laws. Science teaches us that it is either assimilated, destroys the organism, is eliminated or becomes encysted.” Wars have overturned domination of other countries. Rizal state that if Spain do not push reforms for the Philippines, someday, the Philippines may declare its independence. Rizal predicted the rise of Japanese empire in Korea. Dr. Jose Rizal is hopeful that if the country, Filipinos will fight in inexplicable valiant. He is optimistic about Filipinos joining development and progress. Rizal also predicted that the United States will soon overtake the country. He states that other countries colonizing the Pacific area have no interest invading Philippines. It was mentioned in the introduction in this essay is supplemented by Rizal’s previous works in the Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas de Filipinas, which historically signifies “recalling the past, painting the present and sketching the future.” Take into consideration that this fact is a life changing statement and patiently in the process that Filipinos in general had a prescription to work for it. RESOURCES/ REFERENCE:  Rizal, Jose. “The Philippines a Century Hence” can be assessed through: http://www.archive.org/stream/philippinescentu00riza/philippinescentu00riza_djvu.txt  Schumacher, John. 1997. Rizal’s break with del Pilar. In The propaganda movement: 1880– 1895; The creators of a Filipino consciousness, the makers of the revolution, 260–80. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.  Schumacher, John. 1997. Renewed activity in Madrid. In The propaganda movement: 1880– 1895; The creators of a Filipino consciousness, the makers of the revolution, 182–211. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.  Schumacher, John. 1997. The Filipino past and education for the future, 1887–1891 In The propaganda movement: 1880– 1895; The creators of a Filipino consciousness, the makers of the revolution, 235–44. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.  Schumacher, John. 1997. Rizal’s break with del Pilar. In The propaganda movement: 1880– 1895; The creators of a Filipino consciousness, the makers of the revolution, 245–60. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press  https://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2011/04/noli-me-tangere-summary-and-analysis-of_1304.html NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 70 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas The different concepts of Filipinos did not exist until Rizal’s time and Filipino nation did not exist until the establishment of the Philippine republic under Aguinaldo. Being irritated by the false claims written by the Spaniards about the pre-colonial Philippines, Rizal realized the importance of the past as the tool to understand the present. Rizal as he was writing Philippine history the historiographical importance of this little-read scholarly work by Rizal is that it was the first historical work on the Philippines by a Filipino. Dr. Jose Rizal wished to embark on some historical research, but he felt inadequate as what he told to Ferdinand Bluementritt after he asked Rizal to write a history of the Philippines. Even pre-colonial Philippines, at most when he arrived in London, explored the book of de Morga. By this time, he began working on a sequel for Noli Me Tangere and had a change of heart and began to produce a work that will influence his countrymen to think correctly. Rizal was a realist who accepted the fact that scholarly books would not be financially rewarding and stated to a letter to Bluementritt that his aim was to present a new edition to the public, above all the Filipino public and he is doing it solely for his country, because his work will not bring him either honor or money. Antonio de Morga Antonio de Morga Sanchez Garay was born on November 29, 1559 in Seville, Spain and died on July 21, 1636 in Quito, Ecuador at the age of 76. He was Spanish lawyer, a high rank colonial official for 43 years and also a historian. He graduated from the University of Salamanca in 1574 and receive a doctorate in canon law and returned to Salamanca to study civil law and graduated in year 1678. In addition, Morga was a former president of the real audiencia for 20 years. He is the author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas. He published the book in 1609, one of the most important works on the early history of Spanish Colonization of the Philippines. Real Audiencia, or simply Audiencia, was the highest court in Spain and its empire. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 71 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas The book narrates the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy and evangelization of the Philippines. Morga’s work is based on personal experiences or on documentation as he personally witnesses the events described. It explains the political, social and economic aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country. Antonio de Morga’s work greatly impressed Philippine independence hero Jose Rizal, so that Jose Rizal decided to annotate it and publish a new edition. He began work on this in London, completing it in Paris in 1890. Morga (1609) wrote that the purpose for writing Sucesos was so he could chronicle "the deeds achieved by our Spaniards, the discovery, conquest, and conversion of the Filipinas Islands - as well as various fortunes that they have from time to time in the great kingdoms and among the pagan peoples surrounding the islands. " The work consists of 8 chapters 1. Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands. 2. Of the government of Dr. Francisco de Sande. 3. Of the government of don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peiialosa. 4. Of the government of Dr. Santiago de Vera. 5. Of the government of Gomes Perez Dasrnariiias. 6. Of the government of don Francisco Tello. 7. Of the government of don Pedro de Acuiia. 8. An account of the Philippine Islands. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 72 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Rizal’s View of History This interpretation of history (Sucesos De Las Islas Three examples central to Rizal’s arguments will Filipinas) makes Rizal booth a boon and a bane to suffice to prove his influence: Philippine nationalism. He made historical assertions Generations of Filipino school children from the necessary for his time and purposes, but Filipinos a American colonial period to the present have century later, educated on the same viewpoint, refuse to been raised to accept that the pre-Hispanic see Rizal’s work in the context of recent scholarship. Filipinos had a system of writing and an accompanying, written literature which was Most of Rizal’s historical assertions have been destroyed by the missionaries who saw these as validated by recent research. However, there are flaws in “works of the devil.” his reconstruction of pre-Hispanic Philippine civilization. Second, is the view that the pre-Hispanic Filipinos Three examples central to Rizal’s arguments will suffice to had an advanced knowledge of metallurgy, the prove his influence. evidence being the fine cannons made by an indio named Panday Pira. All these, it is said, were systematically ruined by Third, was the existence of a pre-Hispanic ship the Spanish. building industry. What lead Jose Rizal to Morga’s work? Rizal found the book while he was in London at the British Museum’s reading room. He hand-copied the whole 351 pages of the book and annotated every chapter of it. It was the first historical work on the Philippines by a Filipino. It is the first history written from the point of view of the colonized not the colonizer. Rizal was an earnest seeker of truth and this marked him as historian. He had a burning desire to know exactly the condition of the Philippines when the Spaniards came ashore to the islands His theory was that the country was economically self-sufficient and prosperous. Entertained the idea that it had a lively and vigorous community. He believed the conquest of the Spaniards contributed in part to the decline of the Philippine’s rich traditions and culture. He then decided to undertake the annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas. His personal friendship with Ferdinand Blumentritt provided the inspiration for doing a new edition of Morga’s Sucesos. Devoting four months’ research and writing and almost a year to get his manuscript published in Paris in January 1890. Rizal’s Purpose of annotating Morga’s work To awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos regarding their glorious ways of the past To correct what has been distorted about the Philippines due to Spanish Conquest To prove that the Filipinos are civilized/advanced even before the coming of the Spaniards NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 73 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Metallurgy – based on Panday Pira – a well-known ironsmith on the region. Rizal based the idea of metallurgy existing on the islands of our country because of Panday Pira and his skills on being an ironsmith. He stated that no Spaniards nor his (Panday Pira) kids know what he can do or replicate the things he did after he died. This was proven wrong by a letter of Vera asking help to the Viceroy wherein he said that no natives can be skilled enough to do big cannons. Leading to the request of cannons came from Spanish ships or made by Robles (a Spanish master founder), this was stated in Retana’s version. Ship-building industry – Rizal exaggerated that natives could build ships that could hold around 2000 tons but later came to extinction due to cutting down of trees by the Spaniards. Rizal’s Annotation and de Morga’s Sucesos MORGA's Perspective RIZAL's Perspective EXPORTATION Cotton raised through the island and Yes, they harvest cotton and not just rice. Out of they spin it to thread and sell it and they cotton textile there was an encomendero who weaves blankets. left a fortune of about 50,000. ECONOMY ARTIFACTS The natives of the island sell artifacts to the Japanese and they become known Agreed for it. CLIMATE In Manila by December to February, the Winters and summers are opposite of temperature goes down more than it does during those in Europe. August to September. GEOGRAPHY Rainy season begins from June to With regards to the season, it resembles Spain as September. Summer season begins from all the rest of the North Hemisphere October to May. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 74 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS MORGA's Perspective RIZAL's Perspective BODY TATTOO Draws pattern first before putting black Agreed, and same method as the Japanese. powder where blood oozes out. GOVERNMENT No Kings nor Queens - but considered Agreed SOCIETY principal among natives INDIGENOUS PEOPLE They will always choose violence until the Natives - tribes of whom one cannot be government enters because of their inhumane safe, because of engaging violence. ways as answers to those who do not submit to friars. HEALERS I will prove the falsehood of the sick and the anitos through a story of Fr. Chirino about (the case of armandao) who offered half of his body Deceived wizards and sorcerers - worship to the anito to see if he will be cured and if he idols, believed in omens was cured what could have be said to those who died despite of the masses offered into different virgins. CUSTOMS OF THE DEAD FAITH Buried their dead in their own houses keeping their body and bones into long time process and venerating their skulls. We find it more natural and pious to venerate In their funeral, neither pomp nor the remains of our loved ones than those procession played any part except those fanatical martyrs whom we have no dealings and performed by members of the household probably will never remember us. of the dead. After grieving, they indulge into eating and drinking to the degree of intoxication among themselves. RESOURCES/ REFERENCE:  Aguilar, Filomeno. 2005. Tracing Origins: Illustrado Nationalism and the racial Science of migration waves. Journal of Asian Studies 64 (3): 605- 637  Ocampo, Ambeth. “Rizal’s Morga and views of Philippine History” in Philippine Studies vol. 46 no.2 (1998). http://www/philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/viewFile/662/663  Salazar, Zeus. “A Legacy of the Propaganda: The Tripartite View of Philippine History” in Atoy Navarro and FLordeliza Lagbao-Bolante, eds/ Mga Babasahin sa Agam Panlipunang Pilipino: Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pilipinolohiya, at Pantayong Pananaw. QC:C&E Publishing, 2007. http://www.bagongkasaysayan.org/downloadable/zeus_005.pdf  Rizal, Jose. Historical events of the Philippines Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga, published in Mexico in 1609, recently brought to light and annotated by Jose Rizal, preceded by a prologue by Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt. Manila: Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission, 1962  https://www.academia.edu/42198655/Rizal_s_annotation_of_Morgas_Sucesos_De_Las_Islas_FIlipinas_SUMMARY_  https://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2011/04/noli-me-tangere-summary-and-analysis-of_1304.html NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 75 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS ASSESSMENT TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Answer the following questions. Studying Rizal’s The Philippines: A Century Hence and Annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipina which talks about the future and the past respectively, why do you think it is important for us to learn this matter? Make a connection to your life or being a Filipino. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ What are the moral lesson we can pick up from the two works mentioned in this lesson? Enumerate. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Post-test Write the word RIZAL if it is Rizal’s annotation, otherwise MORGA. I. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it _________1. “…The present state of the Philippine was is not. not necessarily superior to its past.” _________1. Las Islas Filipinas means “The Rising Sun of _________2. “…The people of the Philippines had a the Philippines”. culture on their own, before the coming _________2. Rizal predicted that Britain would overtake of the Spaniards. the Philippines. _________3. “…After grieving, they indulge into eating and drinking to the degree of intoxication _________3. Sucesos de las Islas Filipina is one of the among themselves.” important works of Antonio Pigafetta. _________4. Deceived wizards and sorcerers - worship _________4. Sucesos de las Islas Filipina consists of idols, believed in omens. seven (7) chapters. _________5. “…With regards to the season, it _________5. SDLIF’s copy that Dr. Rizal had is one with resembles Spain as all the rest of the 365-page book. North Hemisphere.” NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 76