Social Systems in the Emirati Society: Old and New PDF

SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN THE EMIRATI SOCIETY OLD AND NEW AJMAN UNIVERSITY  Environment of the UAE Society; its activities and characteristics: Before Oil – Bedouin Society with a serene love to the desert Bedouin Society had significant influence in shaping the nature and determining the c...

SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN THE EMIRATI SOCIETY OLD AND NEW AJMAN UNIVERSITY  Environment of the UAE Society; its activities and characteristics: Before Oil – Bedouin Society with a serene love to the desert Bedouin Society had significant influence in shaping the nature and determining the character of social, cultural and the community of UAE. A-The Desert Environment: The location of the tribe – determines the kind of crafts the family would adopt  Nomadism as we know it is in the process of extinction – Advanced Society Government support – Housing and relocation cost Classification of Emirates Bedouins: 1. Nomads: Always on the move – Represented by Alawamr and Manasir 2.Semi-nomadic Bedouins: Vacillated (wave) between nomadic and stability – Often settle near an oasis – Represented by Bani Qatab and Alawamer  3.Nomadic Bedouin Quarterly: Moving between mountains in summer and adjacent plains in the winter – Represented by Al- Shuhouh in RAK and Dibba The impact of the desert on the Bedouins: Courage, freedom, generosity, honesty, and religion are characteristics the Bedouins are famous of.  Generosity is the most prominent Characteristics of the desert Soft Side of the desert – Appears in music, songs and dances – symbolizes victory and bravery. AUTHENTICITY OF THE UAE AND ITS MAIN VITALS  The marine environment: ◦ Lead to trade heavily – the increase number of ships and the size of ships has contributed to heavy trade in the UAE ◦ Geographical location determined the activities and way of life for the local community: The impact of the marine environment in the population’s crafts: 3 major activities are practiced:  Fishing – To overcome poverty  Pearling – RAK, Abu Ali Island, Ras Tanura near the Saudi coast  Shipbuilding – are among the variety of industries that flourished. Besides, manufacturing oars, sails, and nets associated with this industry.  PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROFESSION OF DIVING: 1. General Financiers: They prepared fishing fleet and supported crew divers’ families during their diving trips. 2. General Employees – Included everyone who worked on a ship diving and their boss was the captain. 10-25 men used to be on a ship.They were several categories: 1. Captains (Nokhatha) – Masters of vessels who were familiar with trade secrets and the area of the pearl 2. Divers – The ones who took the depths to search for the shells. 3. Alciob – who carried on the ropes and hoisted(lifted) the divers from the sea floor 4. Undergarment (Al-Tiban) – were the boys who accompanied the ship to learn the craft and gain experience. They also helped in serving and preparing food.  The effects of diving season in the Arab Community: 1. Provide housing and life support to the divers 2. Promoted trade after diving season 3. Word of Honor was practiced and created a sense of dependency on each other 4. Obey and respect the head of the family 5. Interdependence and cooperation between various members of the society during good and bad times. 6. Diving had a significant demand on the UAE Society  AUTHENTICITY OF THE UAE AND ITS MAIN VITALS Pearl Trading: Complex – Found in Dubai, Bombay and Bahrain. Trade depended on the size of pearls and classes and technical capacity of traders ; supply and demand also played role.  The barter system (exchanging goods without using money) was their way of trading. A few families would leave the nomadic desert lifestyle and settle on the coast to fish. Pearl divers made three main journeys between the 5th and the 9th month each year OVERVIEW OF THE FEATURES OF SOCIAL LIFE IN UAE SOCIETY The life of pearl diving, traveling away from family to make a living was made possible because of the tribal system. The tribal life of the extended family (married and unmarried living in the same house, run by one of the parents who gave advice and in return was obeyed).  OVERVIEW OF THE FEATURES OF SOCIAL LIFE IN UAE SOCIETY BEFORE THE UNION They learn how to share good and bad times with joy and sorrow. In Ramadan, all the streets near the mosques are covered with meals that are served and available to everyone and even strangers. The neighboring houses send the best food to the mosques and to neighbors sharing food and joy. The Eid festivals highlight the phenomena of harmony and communication. Neighbors and relatives participated in decorating the area. OVERVIEW OF THE FEATURES OF SOCIAL LIFE IN UAE SOCIETY Weddings are joyful occasions. These occasions were characterized with less spending. Families show their happiness by helping those who are getting married with food and ornaments. PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT UAE society is known as a tribal society associated together by tribal ties and marriage relationships. 1.In-laws relationship are established according to customs and traditions.  PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 1-Pattern of optional social services: A-These services were provided for those who had a ship wreck, emergency, death, stolen,…Affected families would receive aid from the tribe. It’s often associated w/ the degree of kinship. B- If the leader of the tribe faces political or social problems (eg. enters a war with some tribe, or his son wants to get married,..) every member helps according to his abilities. ,..)  PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 2-The pattern of obliged social services: It is a mandatory service imposed on members of the tribe by the head for various social services. It’s collected from those engaged with economic activities (pearl trading,..) it’s called “Al Taraz) This money would go to provide defense and protection , salaries for those who work in the mosques, or people who are unable to work. PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 3-Voluntary and humanitarian services before the union: *Owners of big houses in UAE would throw parties in public and private events. *They lend each other money in order to start a business. *They help a divorced women who was unjustly treated to take care of her children. They also claim her dowry from her husband in order to secure her family.  PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT The voluntary work is an activity done by motivated individuals without seeking wages or salaries. This activity is based on Islamic teachings and guaranteed by a system of social solidarity. (like employees of zakat, carrying water from the springs, building houses,…) Also volunteers help orphans, elderly, children and women which later progressed into governmental institutions.  PRE-OIL SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 4-Health services were very low: Patients were treated with traditional herbal medicine (myrrh, frankinscence,…etc) stinging with fire, and cupping. There were also religious families who would read Quran and some prayers on children who were thin and women who fails to nurse her child. In fact, mortality rate was high especially among children. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL WELFARE BEFORE FEDERATION Characteristics of social welfare before federation: It had effect on maintaining social cohesion in the society. It is a moral duty and provided service without discrimination. Embodied the wealthy people with responsibility towards the society. Social solidarity with the tribe There were no specialized professional working in this area No written policies to guide direction of the social welfare program  The most popular arts that we find in the UAE society as follows: Music, singing, and dancing – relates to the lives in the sea and the life of civil Bedouins Fine arts, applied arts, such as construction of ships and architecture, knitting of nets The popular literature of poetry, stories, and proverbs  Culture precepts: Non-Material culture: religion, language, customs, traditions and values and different social systems. Material (physical culture): civilization, includes building, clothing, ornaments, machinery and means of transportation ACTIVITY Do a Google search and find an Emirati proverb with its meaning. We will discuss what you found in class. Start searching. SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES The country tries to provide social security, social insurance, and social assistance. SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN THE EMIRATI SOCIETY OLD AND NEW PART 2 AJMAN UNIVERSITY THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN SYSTEM IN THE EMIRATI SOCIETY STARTED WITH THE UNION OF THE 7 EMIRATES AND THE DISCOVERY OF OIL. THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT: THE BEGINNING OF MODERNITY.  Manifestation of change: 1. The emergence of large cities 2. Mass migration of some Gulf, Arab, Islamic, and some foreign countries; thus emergence of non-Arab communities. 3. The emergence of commercial markets 4. Participation of women in employment 5. The spread of means of culture, youth and community development and institutions increasing public awareness. 6. The spread of education and educational institutions 7. The high level of people’s income and improved means of living SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES AFTER FEDERATION The Emirates adopted the concept of “welfare and care state”. It provides the needs of society in the areas of income, education, health, food, and housing. Sheikh Zayed’s said:" Man is the most precious of what we own” The social affair sector is one of the key developed departments. DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES AFTER THE UNION 2-Health services: In 1996,The World Health Organization chose Dubai and Abu- Dhabi to be among the top 3 health cities at the Arab and Middle East. UAE is the eighth in the Arab world in health care for the children. It succeeded to reduce the infant mortality rate to 19 in each 1000 births noting that the global average in 89 in 1000 births. DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES AFTER THE UNION The country succeeded in eradicating polio completely from the country The citizens are able now to have the most complex surgical operations in the hospitals in UAE. The rate is one doctor per 1.8 doctors per bed. The number of government hospitals is 40. The number of health centers are over1000. CLASS ACTIVITY: FIND 3 MORE FACTS THAT PROVE THE ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTH CARE IN THE UAE SHARE YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE CLASS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES AFTER FEDERATION 4- Housing services: The material change of housing has resulted in rising standards of living of the population. Almost all houses has refrigeration, microwave, water, electricity, radio, fax, computers, play station,… This contributed to increase of leisure time and enabled citizens to find ample time to practice hobbies and complete post graduate degrees.  HAPPINESS IN THE UAE In 2016, the satisfaction of people in the UAE in terms of government services reached 64% on the American Customer Satisfaction, which was the lowest when compared to other sectors in the country. In February 2016, the UAE Government created the post of Minister of State for Happiness and appointed Her Excellency Ohood bint Khalfan Al Roumi as the Minister.  HAPPINESS IN THE UAE The aim of appointing a minister for happiness is to make the UAE the happiest country in the world. It oversees the UAE plans, programs and policies to achieve a happier society. The UAE is committed to training government officials and federal entities about the importance of happiness and also include happiness committees in several of the government entities.  THE UAE VALUES HAPPINESS Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashed established “The Dubai Happiness Agenda” which “measures and impact people’s happiness through an iterative framework to discover, change, educate and measure people’s happiness”. The UAE established the National Programme for Happiness and Wellbeing which aims to create policies that increase employees satisfaction and happiness, promotes wellbeing and healthy lifestyles, and develop benchmarks to measure overall happiness nationally.  HAPPINESS IN THE UAE The United Arab Emirates maintained its first place among the Arab countries for the sixth consecutive year, according to World Happiness Report 2020. This report includes a special indicator called ‘Cities Happiness Index’ that captures the level of happiness in cities. The index ranks 186 cities around the world by assessing the level of happiness and lives of the cities’ inhabitants. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the happiest cities in the Arab region. HOW CAN HAPPINESS IN THE UAE AFFECT THE FOLLOWING SECTORS? (WRITE THE ANSWERS IN YOUR NOTEBOOK AND REVISE THEM BEFORE THE TEST) 1- Quality of life in families. 2- Flexible working hours for employees: 3- Customers who need to finish paper-work at governmental sectors, banks, etc.. 4- Online services instead of waiting in ques. 5- Giving priority to the elderly in ques such as doctor visits. Educational Development in the UAE AJMAN UNIVERSITY Outline -Informal education -Semi-formal education -Modern Systematic education -Educational development after federation -Online Education Education in the UAE - Education in the UAE started with the first civilizations that cultivated this region - Education in the UAE developed from traditional simple style to systematic education( based on well studied curricula and subjects) 1. Informal Education –Mutawwa ◦ Old male and female teachers, called “mutawwa” and “mutawaa” handled the teaching of all subjects for all the children of the neighborhoods. The Mutawa & Mutawaa did not get any salary. He/She received donations at different occasions from the parents of the students. ◦ The Mutawa taught either in his house or in one of the merchants or mosque(mostly adults). 2. Semi-formal education ◦ In the period between 1903 to 1953 , the developed education began when pearl merchants (tawaweesh) were influenced by the Arabian reform and awakening waves. ◦ They would learn Quran, Prophet’s biography, tajweed, dictation, jurisprudence, math, grammar , literature, reading, history, geography. Later, some schools offered English language. 3. Modern Systematic Education(1953- 1971 The UAE had an infra-structure of education by accepting educational missions from the Arab countries: 1-Kuwait (Ras Al-Khaimah: 1954) 2-Egypt (Sharjah then Dubai) 3-Qatar (Dubai then Sharjah) 4-Bahrain (Sharjah) 5-Jordan (Abu Dhabi); Abu Dhabi was pioneer in kindergarten education in 1967. The development of education in the UAE after the union After the discovery of oil and the union if the Emirates, the UAE focused a lot of attention on education His Highness Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan considered education among the priorities of progress – He was overly generous when it came to education related projects that aspired for the gradual improvement of education. The development of education in the uae after the union In 1972, elementary schools were accommodating only 40% of the children so the state decided to : 1. Paying monthly salary for each learner 2. Providing transport 3. Providing hot school meal 4. Offer school uniform and stationary Higher education was unavailable locally; therefore students had to seek other countries to pursue higher education after school on the government expense The development of education in the UAE after the union Education continued to be an obsession for the country with a vision polarized on reaching higher standards of science and technology. There are currently schools in the different regions and rural areas to ensure the right of education for all. The UAE also provided education for the adults.  The measure of success in education There are still ongoing efforts with a strong will to succeed, and we can synthesize the results of this initiative through a very simple comparison. In 1975: ◦ literacy among men was 54.2% --women was 30.3%, In 1998: ◦ 73.4% for men, 77.1% for women. Higher education There are many universities in the UAE. The first university in the UAE is United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain which was opened by Sheikh Zayed in 1976. There are many governmental and private universities in the UAE that have different majors. Some universities in the UAE Governmental: 1. Higher Colleges of Technology 2. Zayed University 3. United Arab Emirates University Private: 1. Ajman University, the first private university in the country & was established in 1988 2. Sharjah University 3. American University of Dubai Higher education activity There are about 33 universities in the UAE. What majors are available? Write a list and share it with the class. Distance Learning in the UAE Before the pandemic, the UAE had Hamdan University which offered online classes. In 2020, there was a lockdown at the beginning of the pandemic. Schools and colleges continued offering classes but these classes were online. Since online learning was new, many colleges and schools provided their teachers with extensive training to be able to provide the students with effective classes online. Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. Advantages: - Easy to attend, at the comfort of your home - Students can watch the recorded lessons -Flexible -Saves money (transportation) & time (no traffic) - Safer as it prevented the virus from spreading. It also benefitted those who could not leave the house due to health issues. - Online learning advanced the teaching methods. - Allowed more family time.  Disadvantages of Distance Learning - Students and teachers were faced with technical problems. - It increased screen time for both students and teachers. This lead to weight gain for some people. - Low social contact had a negative effect on all ages….many people felt isolated. - Not everyone was able to afford getting a laptop or iPad for each child as some faced financial issues. - Students of all ages had to depend on themselves and follow-up with their lessons. -Students get distracted easily and may not focus on their lessons. - It was difficult to teach practical subject through online classes. - Questionable credibility of grades during online learning.