Basic Nutrition 1 PDF

BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE | TRANS #3 LE Basic Nutrition 1 LOURDES L. BALCUEVA, M.D. | (01/18/2023)...

BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE | TRANS #3 LE Basic Nutrition 1 LOURDES L. BALCUEVA, M.D. | (01/18/2023) 01 OUTLINE → Depends on the state of the individual (healthy/with disease) ▪ Must be altered accordingly I. Nutrition IV. Assessment of Nutritional Nutrients: chemical substances derived from food (e.g. fats, A. Definition of Terms Status carbohydrates, proteins) that are essential to the maintenance of B. Determination of RDA for A. Anthropometry for health most nutrients and energy Preschoolers & Adults → Chemical substances derived from food C. Concepts on energy B. Calculation of DBW in → Uses: requirements Children ▪ Energy II. Calculation of Energy C. Calculation of Height and ▪ Structural material Requirement TER in Children ▪ Reduce risks of some diseases A. BMR V. Nutritional Disorders → Food B. TCR A. PEM ▪ products derived from plants and animals C. Additional Concepts B. Marasmus ▪ composed of different nutrients that can be absorbed by the D. Dietary Recommendations C. Kwashiorkor body to produce energy III. Human Nutritional VI. Current Issues in Nutrition Requirements A. Vegetarianism Table 1. Acceptable macronutrient distribution A. Macronutrients B. Megavitamin Therapy B. Composition of Body C. 2022 Nutritional Survey Age group CHON Fats CHO Fuel Stores VII. Fundamentals of Medical Infants (mos) C. Nutritional Roles of Nutrition Therapy 0 - 5 mos. 5 40-60 35-55 Nutrients VIII. Review Questions 6-11 mos. 8-15 30-40 45-62 D. Nutritional IX. References Children (yrs) Considerations for X. Formative Quiz 1-2 6-15 25-35 50-69 Proteins XI. Appendix 3-18 6-15 15-30 55-79 E. Recommended Intakes Adults (yrs) for Fiber >19 10-15 15-30 55-75 Must know Lecturer Book Previous Trans Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): → Distribution of nutrient/energy intake of a given population that is usually set at 2 SD above the mean, or of nearly 97%-98% SUMMARY OF ABBREVIATIONS healthy people AI Adequate Intake → It is not the minimal requirements for healthy individuals; rather, AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Range it is intentionally set to provide a margin of safety for most BMR Basal Metabolic Rate individuals. BMI Body Mass Index Changed to Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes BP Blood Pressure (RENI) years ago ▪ Best estimate of the amount of nutrient adequate for the CED Chronic Energy Deficiency - individual FBS Fasting Blood Sugar ▪ Computation for calories depends - on the adequate nutrients GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate → Factors that determine RDA - HPN Hypertension ▪ Age IBW Ideal Body Weight ▪ Body size MDR Minimum Daily Requirement ▪ Sex PEM Protein Energy Malnutrition ▪ Workload PA Physical Activity ▪ Physiologic condition TER Total Energy Requirement Recommended Energy and Nutrient intake (REI or RENI) DBW Desirable Body Weight → RDA was changed to RENI to emphasize that the standards RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance are in terms of nutrients. REE Resting Energy Expenditure →- Only protein has an RNI. → Recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for protein is 1.17g/kg/day RQ Respiratory Quotient (71 g for men; 62 g for women). SD Standard Deviation Adequate Intake (AI) TCR Total Caloric Requirement → Approximate level of an average intake determined by the MCT Medium-chain triglycerides observation or experimentation with a particular group or population that appears normal. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) ✔ Define the different terms used in nutrition → The level of nutrients that should not be exceeded to avoid ✔ Assess a person’s Nutritional status using standard adverse health risks. anthropometric measurements. Minimum Daily Requirement: ✔ Calculate energy requirement of an individual. Ex. Least amount of carbohydrate you can give to an individual - ✔ Compare and differentiate Marasmus,Kwashiorkor,and without him going into ketoacidosis ✔ Protein-Calorie Malnutrition → smallest exogenous supply that must be absorbed or ✔ Some current issues in Nutrition consumed to prevent manifestation of deficiency. Nutritional Status I. NUTRITION → Condition of the body as a result of ingestion and utilization of A. DEFINITION OF TERMS food. Nutrition: science of how the body uses food for energy, Malnutrition maintenance, and growth → A pathological state resulting from a relative lack or absolute → Starts from digestion deficiency or excess of one or more of the essential nutrients. LE 1 TG 1 | K. Orge, L. Oronce, J. Oro, D. Ortega, M. Ostoy, D. TE | M. Serina, J. Salanga AVPAA | J. Tiosejo PAGE 1 of TRANS 1 Padrigone 11 BIOCHEMISTRY | LE 1 Basic Nutrition I | Dr. Balcueva It can be primary or secondary Differs from REE by