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Here is the requested conversion: ## $Ca^{2+}$ 9-11 ### Hypocalcemia 1. Decreased parathyroid hormone $\rightarrow$ injury/removal of parathyroid 2. Hypomagnesemia $\rightarrow$ inhibits action of parathyroid 3. Alkalosis $\rightarrow$ enhances $Ca^{2+}$ binding to albumin 4. Low Vitamin D $\...

Here is the requested conversion: ## $Ca^{2+}$ 9-11 ### Hypocalcemia 1. Decreased parathyroid hormone $\rightarrow$ injury/removal of parathyroid 2. Hypomagnesemia $\rightarrow$ inhibits action of parathyroid 3. Alkalosis $\rightarrow$ enhances $Ca^{2+}$ binding to albumin 4. Low Vitamin D $\rightarrow$ ↓ absorption of $Ca^{2+}$ 5. Calcitonin $\rightarrow$ prevents osteoclast function 6. Pancreatitis $\rightarrow$ $Ca^{2+}$ is deposited in the abdomen Results: possible life threatening seizures and fatal cardiac dysrhythmias ### Hypercalcemia 1. Excessive parathyroid hormone $\rightarrow$ malignancy/hyperparathyroidism 2. Acidosis $\rightarrow$ ↓ binding to albumin 3. Hypervitaminosis D $\rightarrow$ ↑ absorption of $Ca^{2+}$ Results: >14 encephalatis may develop, >15 life threatening crisis ## ACID-BASE ### Respiratory Acidosis * Inadequate alveolar ventilation $\rightarrow$ ↓ pH + ↑ $CO_2$ resulting in ↑ $H^+$ in the blood * Compensation: 1) kidneys ↑ excretion of $H^+$ \[symbol is illegible] reabsorb $HCO_3$ 2) ↑ RR to remove $CO_2$ from the body ### Respiratory Alkalosis * Hyperventilation $\rightarrow$ ↑ pH + ↓ $CO_2$ resulting in ↓ $H^+$ in the blood * Compensation: 1) ↓ RR 2) kidneys ↓ excretion = absorption of $HCO_3$ ### Metabolic Acidosis * Renal & GI * $HCO_3$ loss, acid ingestion and alterations in acid production $\rightarrow$ ↓ pH + ↓ $HCO_3$ resulting in ↑ $H^+$ in the blood * Compensation: hyperventilation/kussmaul breathing (rapid, deep breathing) ### Metabolic Alkalosis * Renal & GI * $H^+$ loss, intracellular shift of $H^+$ and retention of $HCO_3$ → ↑ pH + ↑ $HCO_3$ resulting in ↓ $H^+$ in the blood * Compensation: hypoventilation