Joints - دار العلوم University PDF

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ Prof. Mujahid Khan ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o f M List the types of joints e d Describe classifications of joints ic i Define characteristics of synovial j...

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ Prof. Mujahid Khan ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o f M List the types of joints e d Describe classifications of joints ic i Define characteristics of synovial joints n e Describe sub classification of synovial joints – ‫ك‬ Define brsae ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o f DEFINATION M e d ic A site where two or more bones come Loading… i n e together, is called a – ‫ك‬ joint ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ ا‬ The movement occurs ‫ل‬ or not between them ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  The areas (parts) of the bones which participate in the dicine – formation ‫كلية الطب‬ of joint  Joints are classified according to the types of the tissue lying between bones FIBROUS JOINT 1. dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Loading… 2. CARTILAGINOUS JOINT 3. SYNOVIAL JOINT C o ll e g e Fibrous joint: o f Bones are united by M e the fibrous tissue d ic Very little movement is i possible n e – ‫ك‬ Examples: ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Sutures ‫ا‬ Gomphoses ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f When bones are united by the cartilage it is M e known as cartilaginous joint d ic Two Types i n Primary e – Secondary ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  The bones are united by a plate or bar of hyaline cartilage Examples: a. the union between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone b. between the first rib and the manubrium sterni No movement is possible ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 The bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Examples: The joints between the vertebral bodies Symphysis Pubis Small range of movement is possible ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  The joint is filled with liquid materialLoading… dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ called synovial fluid  C o ll e g e o f Capsule M e d Synovial membrane ic i n Synovial fluid e – Cavity (gap) between bones ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Articulate surfaces covered by Hyaline cartilage ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ Vast range of movements ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Ball and socket joint Hinge joint Pivot – ‫الطب‬ dicine ‫ كلية‬joint Condylar joint Saddle joint Ellipsoid joint Plane joint C o ll e g e o f The opposed articular surfaces are flat M Permits the bones to slide on one another e d ic i Example: n e Sternoclavicular joint – ‫ك‬ Acromioclavicular joint ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Resemble a hinge of a door Flexion and extension movements are possible Example: Elbow Knee ankle ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony ligamentous ring Rotation is the only movement possible Example: Atlantoaxial joint Superior radioulnar joint ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Distinct convex surfaces that articulate with concave surfaces Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and small rotation movements are possible Example: Metacarpophalangeal joints ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Elliptical convex articular surface fits into an elliptical concave articular surface Flexion, extension, abduction and adductions are possible Rotation is impossible Example: Wrist joint ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Articular surfaces are reciprocally concavoconvex Resemble a saddle on horse’s back Permit, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation Example: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Ball shaped head of one bone fits into a socket like concavity of another The arrangement permits free movements, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotations dicine – ‫الطب‬ ‫كلية‬ and circumduction Example: Shoulder and hip joints ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Capsule outside of articular Articular surfaces surfaces Anterior view Para-median section C o ll e g e o f The stability of a joint depends on three main factors: M e d Shape ic i Size n e Arrangement of articular surfaces, ligaments and tone – ‫ك‬ of the muscles around the joint ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Is closed fibrous sac which is lined by the synovial membrane and contain the synovial fluid It is located between two frictions producing objects Prevent the friction between two hard areas It may be communicated with the joint cavity or located separately ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬  Gray's Anatomy for Students, Fourth edition Snell Clinical Anatomy, Ninth edition dicine – Clinically ‫كلية الطب‬ Oriented Anatomy , Keith L. Moore- Seventh edition Netter’s Clinical Anatomy, Second edition 0 dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0