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Questions and Answers
What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the bones?
What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the bones?
How are the bones described in relation to their connection?
How are the bones described in relation to their connection?
Which type of cartilage is involved in the structure that unites the bones?
Which type of cartilage is involved in the structure that unites the bones?
What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage in this context?
What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage in this context?
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Which statement best describes fibrocartilage?
Which statement best describes fibrocartilage?
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What is synovial fluid primarily responsible for in a joint?
What is synovial fluid primarily responsible for in a joint?
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Which type of joint allows for a vast range of movements and includes structures like a ball and socket joint?
Which type of joint allows for a vast range of movements and includes structures like a ball and socket joint?
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What structure covers the articulate surfaces of bones in a synovial joint?
What structure covers the articulate surfaces of bones in a synovial joint?
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What is a key characteristic of a plane joint?
What is a key characteristic of a plane joint?
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Which joint type is exemplified by the sternoclavicular joint?
Which joint type is exemplified by the sternoclavicular joint?
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What is the primary function of a closed fibrous sac lined by the synovial membrane?
What is the primary function of a closed fibrous sac lined by the synovial membrane?
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Where is the closed fibrous sac typically located?
Where is the closed fibrous sac typically located?
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What does the closed fibrous sac contain?
What does the closed fibrous sac contain?
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What may occur in relation to the closed fibrous sac's connection to the joint cavity?
What may occur in relation to the closed fibrous sac's connection to the joint cavity?
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Which characteristic is NOT true about a closed fibrous sac?
Which characteristic is NOT true about a closed fibrous sac?
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What type of joint forms between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone?
What type of joint forms between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone?
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What is the primary characteristic of the union between the first rib and the manubrium sterni?
What is the primary characteristic of the union between the first rib and the manubrium sterni?
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Which type of articulation allows no movement?
Which type of articulation allows no movement?
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In what phase of bone development do epiphyseal unions occur?
In what phase of bone development do epiphyseal unions occur?
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Which of the following joints is classified as immovable?
Which of the following joints is classified as immovable?
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What is the main characteristic of the joints between the vertebral bodies?
What is the main characteristic of the joints between the vertebral bodies?
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Which joint is specifically mentioned as having a small range of movement?
Which joint is specifically mentioned as having a small range of movement?
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Which statement best describes the mobility of the joints between the vertebral bodies?
Which statement best describes the mobility of the joints between the vertebral bodies?
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What type of joint is the Symphysis Pubis classified as?
What type of joint is the Symphysis Pubis classified as?
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What is a common feature of joints like the one between the vertebral bodies?
What is a common feature of joints like the one between the vertebral bodies?
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What type of movement is NOT possible at an elliptical joint?
What type of movement is NOT possible at an elliptical joint?
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Which of the following best describes an elliptical joint?
Which of the following best describes an elliptical joint?
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Which joint serves as an example of an elliptical joint?
Which joint serves as an example of an elliptical joint?
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Which types of movements can occur at an elliptical joint?
Which types of movements can occur at an elliptical joint?
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Regarding the elliptical joint, which statement is true?
Regarding the elliptical joint, which statement is true?
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Study Notes
Joints
- Joints are sites where two or more bones meet.
- Movement occurs or does not occur between bones in joints.
- Joints are classified based on the tissue between the bones.
Objectives
- List joint types
- Describe joint classifications
- Define characteristics of synovial joints
- Describe sub-classifications of synovial joints
- Define bursae
Definition
- A joint is where two or more bones come together
Articular Surfaces
- These are the areas of the bones where joints form.
Classification
- Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints
- Bones are joined by fibrous tissue.
- Very little movement is possible.
- Examples are sutures and gomphoses.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Bones are connected by cartilage.
- Two types: primary and secondary.
- Primary: bones united by plate/bar of hyaline cartilage. Examples: union between epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone; between first rib and manubrium sterni.
- No movement is possible.
- Secondary: Bones united by plate of fibrocartilage, surfaces covered by thin layer of hyaline cartilage. Examples: joints between vertebral bodies; symphysis pubis.
- Small range of movement possible.
Synovial Joints
-
Filled with synovial fluid.
- Characteristics:
-
Capsule
-
Synovial membrane
-
Synovial fluid
-
Cavity
-
Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
-
Vast range of movement
-
- Characteristics:
-
Sub-classifications:
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar
- Saddle
- Ellipsoid
- Plane
Plane Joint
- Opposed articular surfaces are flat.
- Allows bones to slide past each other.
- Examples: sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
Hinge Joint
- Resemble a door hinge.
- Allows flexion and extension.
- Examples: elbow, knee, and ankle.
Pivot Joint
- Central bony pivot surrounded by a ligamentous ring.
- Allows rotation only.
- Examples: atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints.
Condyloid Joint
- Distinct convex surfaces that articulate with concave surfaces.
- Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and small rotation.
- Example: metacarpophalangeal joints.
Ellipsoid Joint
- An elliptical convex surface fits into an elliptical concave surface.
- Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, but no rotation.
- Example: wrist joint.
Saddle Joint
- Articular surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex, resembling a saddle.
- Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
- Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Ball and Socket Joint
- Ball-shaped head of one bone fits into socket of another.
- Permits free movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial/lateral rotation, circumduction).
- Examples: shoulder and hip joints.
Articular Surfaces
- Descriptions of articular surfaces in synovial joints, including their shapes and connections.
Capsule and Synovial Membrane
- Description of the structure and function of the joint capsule and synovial membrane.
Stability
- Stability determined by
- Shape
- Size
- Arrangement of articular surfaces; ligaments; and tone of muscles around the joint.
Bursa
- Closed fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane, containing synovial fluid.
- Located between friction-producing parts.
- Prevents friction between hard areas.
- May communicate with joint cavity or be located separately.
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Description
This quiz covers the types and classifications of joints, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial categories. You will also learn about their characteristics and functions within the skeletal system. Test your knowledge on the definitions and functions of various joint types and associated structures like bursae.
