Chapter 2: Internet and Web Basics PDF

Users to Quickly Connect to Other Pages or Websites Graphics Text Multimedia elements Interactive Web Sites Technologies used to provide highly interactive and animated websites: o Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) o JavaScript o PHP Mobile Browse...

Users to Quickly Connect to Other Pages or Websites Graphics Text Multimedia elements Interactive Web Sites Technologies used to provide highly interactive and animated websites: o Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) o JavaScript o PHP Mobile Browsers: Designed to run on portable devices. Key Terms Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): Files that control the appearance of a web page, giving them a consistent look for presentation. JavaScript: A language used with HTML documents to trigger interactive features, such as opening a new browser. PHP: A language used with HTML documents to improve a website’s interactivity. PHP executes on the website’s computer, while JavaScript executes on the user’s computer. Mobile Browsers: Designed for portable devices, containing special navigational tools for convenience, like pinch and stretch. Web Utilities Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and web safer and easier: o Filters o File Transfer Utilities o Internet Security Suites Key Terms Web utilities: Specialized programs that enhance Internet usage. Filters Block access to selected sites. Set time limits. Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at individual websites. Best Known Filters 1. Net Nanny – www.netnanny.com 2. Qustodio Parental Control – www.qustodio.com 3. Circle with Disney – meetcircle.com 4. Norton Online Family – onlinefamily.Norton.com 5. McAfee Family Protection – www.mcafeefamilyprotection.com File Transfer Utilities Upload and download files to and from the Internet. o Downloading: Receiving a file from the Internet. o Uploading: Copying a file to the Internet. Types of Programs 1. Web-based file transfer services: Uses a web browser to upload and download files (e.g., Dropbox.com). 2. BitTorrent: Distributes file transfers across many computers for efficient downloads. 3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) / Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP): Used for copying files to and from your computer to the Internet, good for transferring large files. Internet Security Suites Designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web. Two best-known suites: o McAfee Internet Security o Symantec Norton Internet Security Key Terms Internet Security Suites: A collection of utility programs designed to maintain security and privacy online. They control spam, protect against viruses, and provide filters. Communication Communication is the most popular Internet activity, including: o Social Networking o Blogs and Microblogs o Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis o E-mail and Messaging Social Networking  Connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity. Common Features Profiles: Created by individuals to share personal information. Pages: Created by companies to promote their business. Groups: Communities of individuals with a common interest. Friends: List of those you want to communicate with. News feed: First page seen after logging into the site. Share settings: Settings determining who can see your posts. Blogs, Microblogs Blogs: Personal websites, date/time-stamped, arranged with the most recent items shown first. Microblogs: Short status updates, most commonly seen on Twitter (tweets). Key Terms Blogs: Personal websites to keep in touch with family and friends. Microblog: Publish only short sentences; Twitter is the most popular. Webcasts, Podcasts, Wikis Webcast: Streaming technology for live broadcasts of audio and video; no files remain after streaming ends. Podcast: Must download files to use; can transfer to a media player. Wiki: A specially designed website that allows visitors to edit contents, supporting collaborative writing. Key Terms Webcasts: Continuous audio and video streamed to your computer (e.g., YouTube). Podcasts: Available on iTunes, do not use streaming technology. Wiki: Editable by users; Wikipedia is an example. E-Mail Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet. Three Elements 1. Header: Contains the address, subject, and attachments. 2. Message: The body of the email. 3. Signature: Information about the sender. Key Terms E-mail: Transmission of electronic messages. Header: Contains the address, subject, and attachments. Address: Who the email is going to, consisting of a username and domain name. E-mail Systems Client-based: Requires installation of an e-mail client (e.g., Apple Mail, Microsoft Outlook). Web-based: No installation necessary; access from any computer through a browser (e.g., Google’s Gmail, Microsoft’s Hotmail, Yahoo!’s Yahoo! Mail). Key Terms Client-based e-mail system: Requires installation of an e-mail client on your computer. Web-based e-mail system: Access from any computer through a browser. E-mail SPAM: Unwelcome messages. The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce Learning Objectives 1. Explain the origins of the Internet and the web. 2. Explain how to access the web using providers and browsers. 3. Compare different web utilities including filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security suites. 4. Compare different Internet communications, including social networking, blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts, wikis, e-mail, text messaging, and instant messaging. 5. Describe search tools, including search engines and specialized search engines. 6. Evaluate the accuracy of information presented on the web. 7. Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security issues. 8. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients, Internet, and service providers. 9. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing development of the Internet to allow everyday objects to send and receive data. Introduction The Internet o Interconnected mesh of computers and data lines. o Connecting millions of people and organizations. o Foundation of the digital revolution. The Web o Provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet resources. o Requires end user awareness of available resources. The Internet and the Web The Internet o A large global network connecting smaller networks. o Launched in 1969, funded by the U.S. for a national computer network (ARPANET). World Wide Web (WWW) o Introduced in 1991, part of the Internet. o Originally a text-based network for exchanging research ideas. Key Differences o The Internet is the physical network (wires, cables, satellites). o The web is a multimedia interface to Internet resources. Key Terms o Internet: Most developed network system connecting people globally. o Online: Being connected to the network. Web Web 1.0 o 1st generation focused on linking existing information. o Search programs created to provide links to websites. Web 2.0 o Dynamic content creation; social interaction (e.g., Facebook). Web 3.0 o Identifies relationships between data; personalized content creation. o Examples: Siri and Google Assistant. Common Internet Uses Communicating o E-mail, photos, videos. Shopping o Fastest-growing application. Searching o Using virtual libraries.  Education or e-learning o Remote classes on various subjects. Online Entertainment o Music, movies, magazines, computer games. Making IT Work for You Online Entertainment Options for TV, movies, music, books, social media, news feeds. Services like Hulu, Amazon Prime, Netflix, and social media platforms. Users are shifting from cable to pay-as-you-go services. Internet Access Providers Internet Service Provider (ISP) o Common way to access the Internet. o Provides a path using telephone lines, cable, or wireless connections. Common Providers o Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile, AT&T. Browsers Programs that provide access to web resources. Allow exploration of the web and connect to remote computers. Popular Web Browsers o Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome. URLs Uniform Resource Locator (URL) o Location or address of a resource. o Most common protocol is https. Two Parts of a URL 1. Protocol: Rules for exchanging data (usually http://). 2. Domain Name: Specific address where the resource is located. Top-Level Domain (TLD) Identifies the type of organization. o.com: Commercial o.edu: Educational o.gov: Government o.mil: U.S. military o.net: Network o.org: Organization HTML and Hyperlinks Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) o Markup language for displaying web pages. o Browsers interpret HTML commands to display documents. Hyperlinks o Connect to other web pages, text files, graphic images, audio, and video clips.