GMRC PDF - Foundations of Values Education

MODULE 2: Foundations of Values Education/ GMRC Lesson 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN THE STUDY OF VALUES Why do you think Values Education is what we need today? INTRODUCTION: Values Education is what we need today considering the enormous problems confronting with the Filipino people such as corru...

MODULE 2: Foundations of Values Education/ GMRC Lesson 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN THE STUDY OF VALUES Why do you think Values Education is what we need today? INTRODUCTION: Values Education is what we need today considering the enormous problems confronting with the Filipino people such as corruption in the government, its offshoot the "Extra Judicial Killings," the people's addiction to gambling; the distorted standard for success and the propensity to commit crimes especially against person or property are but a manifestation of lack of proper values as the foundation of a strong and progressive society for the Filipino people. Preamble 1987 Phil. Constitution The constitutional mandate to this effect is for the Filipino people to build a just and humane society and to establish a government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessing of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love equality and peace. It’s Now or Never. Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Examine the meaning and nature of values 2. Compare and contrast the meaning of values based on different philosophers 3. Classify the characteristics of values The Meaning and Nature of Values Value -refers to the major priorities that man chooses to act on, and that creatively enhances his life and the lives of those with whom he associates with. -are things, persons, ideas or goals, evaluated and directed. Different perspectives on values: Carter V. Good - value is any characteristic deemed important because of psycho logical, social, moral, or aesthetic considerations, commonly used in the plural, as in counseling, to refer to built-in inner systems of beliefs from which one can gain security or support. Jung and Piaget - value refers to the stance that the self takes to the total environment as expressed through behaviors, ideas, body, and feelings and imagination. SELF is taken as the central dynamic force in the human being that expresses itself through the totality of the personality. Indicators of value: 1.Ideas 2.Feelings 3. Body 4. Outer Behavior of a Person Anthropology and Sociology - value is used to refer to those criteria according to which a community judges the importance of persons, patterns, goals, and other sociological aspects of the community. Sociologists values are constituent facts of social structure as scarce objects of socially conditioned desire, unevenly distributed and differentially ranked in the Durkheimian sense of social fact they are given data for each individual, and constrain social behavior toward them. In the Parsonian sociology, social order depends on the existence of general, shared values which are regarded as legitimate and binding and act as a standard by means of which the ends of action are selected. Parsons- the linkage between social and personality systems is achieved by the internalization of values through the process of socialization. Economist – was first used the term values and studied its meaning as a means of exchanging things. Marxism- value has an entirely different meaning in the labor theory of value where the exchange value of a thing or commodity is determined by the labor time it contains. G. E. More - value is a simple, un analyzable term comparable in this respect to "yellow" or any other term of the kind. The indicator of value usually used is price. Aristotle- good refers to anything for which everything strives. Homan- the unconscious assumption which any member of society makes refers to values. To sum up, value is "something which is held as important or is prized (kahalagahan), regarded as worthwhile by a person." Values do not consist in "desires" themselves but rather, in what is considered desirable. THE PROCESS OF VALUING Louis Raths - value or the process of valuing as having seven aspects and made it clear that unless all the seven are present, then what the person has chosen is not a value. Values possess criteria which can be divided into three categories: Choosing: The value must be chosen freely and with accountability. Prizing: The choice must be considered with awareness of consequences. Acting: The value must be acted upon and integrated into one's life. Tomas Andres gave the following questions to clarify whether or not a given thing is a value: 1. Was the value chosen from a range of alternatives that I was aware of? 2. Did I consider the consequences of the alternatives that I was aware of? 3. Is the value evident in my behavior? Have I acted on it? 4. Do I act on this value repeatedly in some fashion through a variety of similar experiences? 5. Am I happy and pleased with the choice? 6. Am I willing to state it publicly? 7. Does the value enhance and not impede, the development of my emotional and spiritual well-being? Fr. Jaime Bulatao, a Filipino psychologist in his article,“ The Manileños Mainspring," gave four large areas of values from the total field of values: Value 1 = Emotional closeness and security in a family. The Filipinos are noted for manifesting close ties in the family. As many Filipinos would always say, "There is no place like home." Value 2 = The authority value. This may be defined as "approval by the authority figure and by society." A part of the Filipino tradition is that children may marry only with the consent of parents; even when they elope, the parents are still expected work for reconciliation. Authority figures must be respected and obeyed within limits. Value 3 = Economic and social betterment. This value refers to a desire to raise the standard of living of one's family, or of one's hometown. Often it is repayment of one's debt of gratitude to parents and relatives. Value 4 = Patience, suffering, and endurance. This value has been fused with the religious value since it seems that God is called upon when other means fail. It is associated with women more than with men. Value Skills and Development Values originate in a person's consciousness– his meaning system and are expressed in his behavior. When the individual consistently manifests behavior that is indicative of a value, he has actualized or internalized that value into his meaning system. Values are inventories of skills. Certain values would not be developed unless the right skills are also developed. 1. Instrumental skills- ability with intelligence and dexterity or agility that enables him to be professional and competent. These are the skills involved in physical dexterity, handicrafts, and cognitive accomplishments. 2. Interpersonal skills - ability to perceive self and other accurately in ways that facilitate communication, mutual understanding and cooperation. It is the ability to communicate with feelings. 3. Imaginal skills - ability to imitate new ideas and to take data beyond quantification and logic to the development of new concepts or courses of action. These skills blend fantasy and feeling that enable one to combine images and ideas in new ways, to see alternatives, to change conventional ways of doing things, to remedy deficiencies. 4. System skills - ability to see the various parts of a system as they relate to the whole and to plan for systematic change. This skill arises out of a blending of imagination, sensitivity to others and professional competence. Persons with these skills have the ability to integrate the three other skills. Characteristics of Values Properties of Values according to Max Scheler 1.They are pure valuable essences or qualities. 2. They are objective and transcend the sentimental perceptions to which they appeal. 3. They are hierarchically given, dependent and relative among themselves and with the perceiver. 4. They are always given in pairs, i.e., the positive value has always its corresponding counter value. Properties of Values according to Tomas Andres 1. Value is relative. 2. Value is subjective. 3. Value is objective. 4. Value is bipolar. 5. Value is hierarchical.