IMG_1571.jpeg

# Chapter 5 ## Flower Reproduction **Pollination:** * **Direct Pollination:** Pollen and ovules from the same plant. * **Indirect Pollination (Cross-Pollination):** Pollen and ovules from different plants. This leads to a mix of genetic characteristics, creating diversity in new plants. This all...

# Chapter 5 ## Flower Reproduction **Pollination:** * **Direct Pollination:** Pollen and ovules from the same plant. * **Indirect Pollination (Cross-Pollination):** Pollen and ovules from different plants. This leads to a mix of genetic characteristics, creating diversity in new plants. This allows natural selection to act and species to evolve. **Strategies for Avoiding Self-Pollination:** * **Dioecious Plants:** Separate male and female plants. Pollen from the male plant must travel to the female plant (e.g., kiwi). * **Protandrous Flowers:** Stamens mature before the pistil. The flower is initially male, then female (e.g., carnation). * **Protogynous Flowers:** Pistils mature before the stamens. The flower is initially female, then male (e.g., hellebor). **Diagram Descriptions:** The diagrams provide visual representations of different types of flower structures and their reproductive processes. The diagrams illustrate different pollination methods and how flowers adapt to avoid self-pollination. Illustration of flowers with separate male and female structures(possibly depicting dioecious plants) and flowers that change sex (protandrous or protogynous structures).