Formative MCQ for Motivation Lecture PDF

* Formative MCQ for Motivation Lecture 1- How does motivation direct and energize behavior according to psychologists? A. Motivation is a simple concept with only biological aspects that influence behavior....

* Formative MCQ for Motivation Lecture 1- How does motivation direct and energize behavior according to psychologists? A. Motivation is a simple concept with only biological aspects that influence behavior. B. Motivation directs and energizes behavior solely through external rewards and punishments. C. Motivation involves biological, cognitive, and social factors that guide behavior in specific directions. D. Motivation has no significant impact on the direction or energy of behavior. E. Motivation is exclusively a cognitive process that ignores biological and social influences. 2- Which of the following motivation approaches suggests that behavior is driven by the - desire to maintain or increase excitement and arousal? ( A. Instinct Approaches B. Drive-Reduction Approaches C. Cognitive Approaches Definition D. Incentive Approaches E. Arousal Approaches 3- According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs must be - - satisfied before an individual can achieve self-actualization? top of hierarchy A. Physiological needs, safety needs, and esteem needs B. Esteem needs, belongingness & love needs, and physiological needs psycho- C. Belongingness & love needs, safety needs, and physiological needs Basic needs ~> logical & D. Safety needs, esteem needs, and self-fulfillment needs E. Self-fulfillment needs, esteem needs, and belongingness & love needs proaches to motivation 5 Instinct: inborn behavioral pattern (biologically determined) Drive reduction: a lack of some basic biological requirement produces a drive to obtain that requirement Arousal: maintains or increases excitement Incentive: believes that people are motivated by specific incentives that encourage their actions. Cognitive: motivation is a product of people’s thoughts expectations and goals (extrinsic and intrinsic)  Lecture 5 : Socialization ( Formative MCQs) & 1-What is socialization, and what is its significance? a) Socialization is the process of learning culture, but it has no impact on personality development. b) Socialization is a short-term process that mainly affects human potential. c) Socialization is the lifelong social experience that influences human potential - and personality development. - d) Socialization has no long-term effects on individuals. 2-Which of the following best represents the contemporary view on the nature-nurture debate? - a) Nature determines everything about a person's development b) Nurture is solely responsible for personality and behavior * c) Both nature and nurture interact to shape an individual's development d) Nature and nurture have no impact on human development 3-In Erikson's stages of development, the stage of "Identity vs. Role Confusion" is primarily associated with which age group? a) Infancy b) Early childhood⑪ teenagers want to identify with Others &c) Adolescence but still be unique d) Middle adulthood toddlerhood & Preschool & adolescence of Death Stages 5 Acceptance 3 Bargaining Denn Depression  Formative MCQs for the Emotion Lecture 1- According to the approach which organizes emotions using hierarchy, which of the following is derived from a negative emotion? A. Contentment B. Guilt ComingFrSadness C. Pride D. Infatuation 2- According to William James and Carl Lange, which of the following leads one to label the emotional experience? A. A set of related feelings and psychological responses B. Cognitive beliefs -nations result physiological changes that - C. Overt behaviors produce Specific Sensations D. A specific pattern of visceral response 3- Which of the following is& NOT a function of emotions? A. Preparing us for action B. Shaping our future behavior C. Helping us interact more effectively with others D. Completely overriding cognitive processes E. Influencing behavior 3- ethics1 1. Which of the following is a key ethical issue in the use of genetic engineering? a) The safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) b) The potential for discrimination based on genetic information c) The cost of genetic testing d) The speed of technological advancement Answer: B - 2. In the context of research ethics, what does the term "vulnerable populations" refer to? a) Groups that are more likely to benefit from research b) Groups that are at higher risk of being harmed or exploited in research c) Groups that require more resources in healthcare d) Groups that are more likely to volunteer for research studies Answer: B = 3. What ethical issue is raised by the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare? a) The efficiency of treatment b) The confidentiality of patient data c) The accuracy of diagnosis d) The cost of AI technology Autonomy Beneficence Answer: B - - ↑ Justice Answer nMaleficence 4. Which principle of bioethics supports the idea that healthcare providers should distribute resources fairly among patients?  ethics h * 1. Which ethical theory emphasizes the greatest good for - the greatest number? & A) Deontology B) Virtue Ethics C) Utilitarianism D) Principlism Answer: C) Utilitarianism = > 2. Deontological ethics, proposed by Immanuel Kant, focuses on which of the following? A) Outcomes of actions B) Virtuous behavior C) Following moral rules and duties And others rights ↑ D) Compassion in care = > Answer: C) Following moral rules and duties 3. The principle of beneficence in medical ethics refers to: A) Doing no harm B) Acting in the best interest of the patient C) Ensuring patient autonomy D) Fair distribution of healthcare resources # Answer: B) Acting in the best interest of the patient 4. Which of the following is a primary principle in deontological ethics? A) Maximizing happiness B) Consequences of actions C) Adherence to- rules D) Cultivating virtues - =>> - - # - => - - - => => - - => - - - => & led rights or n ow the a re consequences > => - - -  1. Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of informed consent in healthcare interactions? & A. Autonomy B. Beneficence C. Nonmaleficence D. Social justice - Answer: A 2. You are the medical officer in the ward. You received a call from a relative of a patient you are treating, asking to disclose the medical condition and current treatment plan. What is the most appropriate conduct at this juncture? A. Comply to his needs to show respect only & B. Decline his wish to maintain patient confidentiality Patients C. Politely ask him to come personally to visit right to know D. Refer him to your immediate senior - Answer: B 3. Family members of an 83-year-old woman requested your cooperation to not reveal that she is suffering from liver cancer. Family members claim she is old and fragile, bed bound, and suffering from anxiety. The news may break her. What would be the best strategy to embark on at this stage? A. Chose to postpone the request till the next follow up B. Disclose to the patient the diagnosis out of obligation C. Invoke therapeutic privilege and hide the diagnosis D. Refuse treatment and refer the patient to other hospital = Answer: C 4. The art of communication is an essential component in patient management. What is the importance of effective doctor-patient communication? A. To fulfill patient’s expectation B. To improve health outcome C. To improve rapport # & => T - patient choices - respecting & & => =>  ↓ supporting the right to life of the unern Which of the following best represents the "pro-life" stance in the ethical debate over abortion? A) The belief that life begins at birth B) The belief that a fetus has a right to life from conception C) The belief that abortion should be allowed in cases of rape or danger to the mother D) The belief that reproductive rights are more important than fetal rights Answer: B - The "pro-choice" position on abortion primarily emphasizes: A) The right of society to make collective decisions B) The importance of the mother’s health and rights over the fetus's potential life &C) The moral superiority of preserving life in all cases D) The state's role in preventing abortion Answer: B - According to the "viability" argument in abortion ethics, when does the moral status of the fetus become more significant? A) At conception B) At birth C) When the fetus can survive outside the womb D) When the fetus starts developing organs Answer: C - A key ethical issue in abortion debates is the moral status of the fetus. Which of the following is a central question  regarding this issue? ~ A) Is the fetus considered a person with rights? B) Can the mother provide informed consent for the procedure? C) Is abortion legally allowed in all countries? D) Can abortion be performed safely? Answer: A - immunodeficiency Virus A healthcare provider learns that a patient is HIV-positive but the patient refuses to inform their partner. What is the ethical course of action? a) Respect patient confidentiality and do nothing b) Inform the patient's partner directly Sake of & the patients c) Urge the patient to inform their partner and provide health counseling d) Report the patient to the police Answer: C > - In which of the following scenarios would breaching patient confidentiality be ethically justified? a) When a patient is a minor b) If the patient refuses to follow the prescribed treatment c) If the patient is putting others at risk by not disclosing their HIV status d) If the healthcare provider feels personally uncomfortable Answer: C - A doctor refuses to treat a patient after discovering they have AIDS, citing fear of personal risk. This decision violates which ethical principle? * a) Beneficence A physician should act on the best interest of patients b) Autonomy patient is free to decide c) Justice FARNESS d) Non-maleficence Do no harm > Answer: A What is the primary ethical issue concerning the mandatory testing of individuals for HIV without their consent? a) Violation of beneficence b) Violation of confidentiality c) Violation of patient autonomy d) Violation of justice Answer: C - > The principle of non-maleficence in the care of HIV/AIDS patients primarily focuses on: a) Preventing&harm by protecting others from the disease b) Ensuring patients receive the most advanced treatments available c) Avoiding the use of experimental drugs on patients without consent d) Guaranteeing equal access to treatment for all patients Answer: A - Which of the following ethical principles is most directly challenged by Artificial Insemination (AI) when considering the child’s right to know their genetic parent? a) Autonomy b) Non-maleficence c) Beneficence d) Justice - Answer: A In the case of donor insemination, what ethical concern arises when the donor’s identity is kept anonymous? a) Autonomy of the parents  b) Violation of the donor's privacy c) The child's right to know their biological origins d) The physician's duty to avoid harm Answer: C => A couple seeks Artificial Insemination due to male infertility, but the wife’s religious beliefs prohibit the use of donor sperm. Which ethical principle could be most compromised if they proceed with treatment anyway? a) Non-maleficence b) Autonomy c) Justice d) Beneficence Answer: B = Which of the following is the most ethical principle guiding organ donation? A) Non-maleficence B) Justice C) Beneficence D) Autonomy Answer: D # Which of the following is an ethical concern regarding D living organ donation? A) Coercion B) The donor’s family agreement C) Reducing healthcare costs D) Avoiding media attention Answer: A => In which case can organ donation be considered ethically problematic? A) When the donor has given informed consent B) When the recipient is wealthy C) When the donor is a&minor D) When the organ is given after death Answer: C =>