Physics F4F5 PDF Past Paper

# DEFINITION, TERMS & LAWS PHYSICS F4F5 ## FORM 4 | Chap | Terms/Laws | Definition/Statement | |---|---|---| | | Physical quantity | A quantity that can be measured | | | Base quantity | A physical quantity that cannot be derived from another physical quantity | | 1.1 | Derived quantity | A quan...

# DEFINITION, TERMS & LAWS PHYSICS F4F5 ## FORM 4 | Chap | Terms/Laws | Definition/Statement | |---|---|---| | | Physical quantity | A quantity that can be measured | | | Base quantity | A physical quantity that cannot be derived from another physical quantity | | 1.1 | Derived quantity | A quantity which can be obtained by combination of base quantities by mean of multiplication, division or both | | | Scalar quantity | Physical quantities that have magnitude only | | | Vector quantity | Physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction | | 2.1 | Linear motion | Motion in a straight line | | | Speed, v | Rate of change of distance | | | Velocity, v | Rate of change of displacement | | | Acceleration, a | Rate of change of velocity | | 2.3 | Free fall motion | A situation where an object falls down due to gravitational force only | | | Inertia | Tendency of an object to remain at rest or to continue its uniform motion in a straight line at uniform velocity | | 2.4 | Newton's first law of motion | An object will remain at rest or move at uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force | | 2.5 | Momentum, p | A product of mass multiplies by velocity | | | Force, F | The action of pushing or pulling to change the size and direction of motion of an object | | 2.6 | Newton's second law of motion | Rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force and acts in the direction of the applied force | | | Impulse, J | Change of momentum | | | Impulsive Force, F | Rate of change of momentum in a collison or impact in a short period of time | | 2.7 | Newton's third law of motion | For every action there is a reaction of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction | | 2.8 | Weight, W | A gravitational force acting on an object | | 3.1 | Newton's universal law of gravitation | The gravitational foce between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of the masses of both bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centres of the two bodies | | | Centripetal force | A force acts on the body in a direction towards the centre of the circle | | | Kepler's first law | All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus (Law of Orbits) | | 3.2 | Kepler's second law | A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out the equal areas in equal times (Law of Areas) | | | Kepler's third law | The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit (Law of Periods) | | 3.3 | Orbital radius | Average value of the distance between the planet and the Sun | | | Escape velocity, v | Minimum velocity needed by an object on the surface of the Earth to overcome the gravitational force and escape to outer space | | 4.1 | Temperature, T | Measure of the degree of hotness of an object | | | Heat, Q | The amount of thermal energy that can be transferred from one object to another | | | Thermal equilibrium | A condition where net heat transfer between two objects becomes zero | | 4.2 | Heat capacity, C | Quantity of heat needed to raise temperature of the object by 1°C | | | Specific heat capacity, c | Quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg mass of the substance by 1°C | | | Latent heat | Heat that is absorbed during melting and boiling without change in temperature | | | Specific latent heat, I | The quantity of heat that is absorbed or released during a change of phase of 1kg of the substance without any change in its temperature | | 4.3 | Specific latent heat of fusion, I | The quantity of heat that is absorbed during melting or the quantity of heat released during freezing of 1kg of the substance without any change in temperature (solid-liquid | liquid-solid) | | | Specific latent heat of vaporisation, I, | The quantity of heat that is absorbed during boiling or the quantity of heat released during condensation of 1kg of the substance without any change in temperature (liquid-gas | gas-liquid) | | 4.4 | Boyle's law | Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature | | | Charles' law | Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure | | | Gay-Lussac's law | Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume | | 5.1 | Oscillation, vibration | Repetitive motions about an equilibrium position in a closed path | | | Amplitude, A | Maximum displacement from its equilibrium position | | | Transverse wave | A wave which the vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave | | | Longitudinal wave | A wave which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave | | | Period, T | The time taken by a particle to make one complete oscillation or by a source to produce one complete cycle of wave | | | Frequency, f | Number of complete oscillations made by a particle or number of cycles of wave produced by a source in one second | | | Wavelength, λ | Distance between two consecutive points in phase | | | Wave speed, v | Distance travelled per second by a wave profile | | | External damping | Oscillating system loses energy to overcome friction or air resistance | | | Internal damping | Oscillating system loses energy because of the stretching and compression of the vibrating particles in the system | | 5.2 | Damping | Reduction in amplitude in an oscillating system due to loss of energy | | | Resonance | When a periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural frequency | | 5.3 | Wavefront | Lines joining all the points of the same phase | | 5.4 | Refraction of waves | The change in direction of propagation of waves caused by the change in the velocity of waves when the waves propagate from one medium to another | | 5.5 | Diffraction of waves | The spreading of waves when the waves pass through a gap or round a barrier | | | Interference of waves | The superposition of two or more waves from a coherent source of waves | | 5.6 | Constructive Interference | Occurs when two crests or troughs are in superposition to produce maximum amplitude | | | Destructive Interference | Occurs when a crest and a trough are in superposition to produce zero combined amplitude | | 5.7 | Electromagnetic spectrum | Seven types of electromagnetic waves that forms a continuos spectrum | | | Electromagnetic wave | Produced when electric and magnetic field vibrate at right angle to each other | | 6.1 | Refraction of light | A phenomenon when light changes direction when it travels from one medium to another medium of different densities | | | Refractive index, n | The ratio od speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in medium | | | Snell's Law | When light travels from one mediu to another medium, the incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal meet at one point and are in the same plane | | | Total internal reflection | When light travels from a medium with high optical density to a medium of low optical density | | 6.2 | Critical angle, c | Incident anglewhen refracted angle equal to 90° | | | Formation of rainbow | Caused by refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection when light passes through water droplets in air | | | Optical centre, O | Points at the centre of the lens | | | Principle axis | Straight line through the optical centre of a lens and the centre of curvature of both surfaces of the lens | | | Axis of lens | Straight line through the optical centre and perpendicular to the principal axis | | 6.3 | Focal point, F | Point located at the principle axis of a lens | | | Object ditance, u | Distance between object and optical centre of a lens | | | Image distance, v | Distance between image and optical centre of a lens | | | Focal length, f | Distance between focal point, F and optical centre, O of a lens | | | Linear magnification, m | Ratio of image height to object height = ratio of image distance to object distance | | | Principal axis | Straight line passing through the centre of curvature, C and pole of the spherical mirror, P | | 6.6 | Centre or curvature, C | Centre of sphere which produces a concave or convex mirror | | | Radius of curvature of mirror, r | Distance between the pole of spherical mirror, P and the centre of curvature, C | | | Focal point, F | A point on the principal axis of the spherical mirror | | | Object distance, u | Distance between object and the pole of spherical mirror, P | | | Image distance, v | Distance between image and the pole of spherical mirror, P | | | Focal length, f | Distance between focal point, F and the pole of spherical mirror, P | **Disediakan oleh:** Muhammad Adam Azis & Kamilia