Physics Definitions & Terms F4F5

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What does the focal length represent in a lens system?

The distance between the focal point and the optical center (correct)

The distance between the lens surfaces

The distance between the image and the optical center

The distance from the object to the lens

Which statement accurately describes linear magnification?

It indicates the size of the image only for convex mirrors.

It is always greater than 1 for real images.

It is the ratio of image height to object height. (correct)

It is calculated by dividing the object distance by the image distance.

What characterizes the principal axis of a lens?

It passes through the center of curvature.

It is a straight line from the focal point to the object.

It runs parallel to the edges of the lens.

It passes through the pole of the lens. (correct)

How is the image distance defined in relation to a lens?

The distance from the image to the optical center of the lens. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the radius of curvature of a mirror represent?

The distance from the pole to the center of curvature. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of escape velocity?

The minimum velocity needed to overcome Earth’s gravitational force and escape to outer space (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laws states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature?

Boyle's law (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

Heat absorbed during melting or released during freezing of 1 kg of a substance (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is specific heat capacity defined?

The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition describes thermal equilibrium?

Net heat transfer between two objects is zero (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the amplitude of a wave represent?

The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wave has the particles of the medium vibrating parallel to the direction of the wave propagation?

Longitudinal wave (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship described by Charles' law?

Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a derived quantity?

A quantity obtained by combining base quantities (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Newton's second law of motion?

The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the force applied. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship defined by Newton's universal law of gravitation?

The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which quantity is defined as the rate of change of distance?

Speed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a vector quantity from a scalar quantity?

A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Free fall motion is characterized by which of the following?

An object falling under gravitational force only (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly reflects Kepler's first law?

All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's third law of motion state?

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon when light changes direction as it travels from one medium to another of different densities?

Refraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the spreading of waves when they pass through a gap or around a barrier?

Diffraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when two crests or two troughs of waves are in superposition, resulting in maximum amplitude?

Constructive Interference (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a medium called?

Refractive Index (A) Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when a periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural frequency?

Resonance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of damping in an oscillating system?

Loss of energy leading to reduced amplitude (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum angle at which total internal reflection occurs?

Critical Angle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the lines that join all points of a wave that are in the same phase?

Wavefront (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physics F4F5 Definitions & Terms

Physical quantity: A measurable property of a physical system.
Base quantity: A fundamental quantity that cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities.
Derived quantity: A quantity that can be expressed as a combination of base quantities.
Scalar quantity: A physical quantity with magnitude only.
Vector quantity: A physical quantity with both magnitude and direction.
Linear motion: Motion in a straight line.
Speed: Rate of change of distance.
Velocity: Rate of change of displacement.
Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity.
Free fall motion: Motion of an object falling under the influence of gravity only.
Inertia: Tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
Newton's first law of motion: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Momentum: Product of mass and velocity.
Force: Action of pushing or pulling that can change the size and direction of motion.
Newton's second law of motion: Rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object.
Impulse: Change of momentum in a collision or impact over a short period.
Impulsive force: Rate of change of momentum during a collision.
Newton's third law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Weight: Gravitational force acting on an object.
Newton's universal law of gravitation: Attractive force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.
Centripetal force: Force acting on an object moving in a circular path and directed towards the centre.
Kepler's first law: Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler's second law: A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
Kepler's third law: Squares of the orbital periods of planets are directly proportional to the cubes of the semi-major axes of their orbits.
Orbital radius: Average distance between a planet and the Sun.
Escape velocity: Minimum velocity needed for an object to escape a planet's gravitational pull.
Temperature: Measure of the degree of hotness of an object.
Heat: Amount of thermal energy transferred between objects.
Thermal equilibrium: Condition where there is no net heat transfer between objects.
Heat capacity: Quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C.

Physics F4F5 Concepts (Page 2)

Specific heat capacity: Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
Latent heat: Heat absorbed or released during a phase change without a change in temperature.
Specific latent heat of fusion: Amount of heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid (or vice versa) without a change in temperature.
Specific latent heat of vaporisation: Amount of heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas (or vice versa) without a change in temperature.
Boyle's law: Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
Charles' law: Volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at a constant pressure.
Gay-Lussac's law: Pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at a constant volume.
Oscillation/Vibration: Repetitive motion about an equilibrium position.

Physics F4F5 Concepts (Page 3)

Amplitude: Maximum displacement from equilibrium position.
Transverse wave: Wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
Longitudinal wave: Wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction of propagation.
Period: Time taken for one complete oscillation/cycle.
Frequency: Number of oscillations/cycles per second.
Wavelength: Distance between two adjacent points in phase.
Wave speed: Distance a wave travels per unit time.
External damping: Loss of energy due to friction or air resistance.
Internal damping: Loss of energy due to stretching and compression of vibrating particles.
Damping: Reduction in amplitude of oscillation over time.
Resonance: Condition where a periodic force applied to an oscillating system amplifies the amplitude of oscillations.
Wavefront: Lines joining all points on a wave that are in the same phase.
Refraction: Change in direction of a wave as it travels from one medium to another.
Diffraction: Spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or boundary.
Interference: Superposition of two or more waves.
Constructive Interference: Occurs when two crests or troughs are in superposition and result in a maximum amplitude.
Destructive Interference: Occurs when a crest and a trough are in superposition and result in a zero amplitude.
Electromagnetic spectrum: Range of all types of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic wave: Waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
Refraction of light: change in the direction of light when traveling from one medium to another.
Refractive index: Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.
Snell's law: Relationship between angles of incidence and refraction of light at the boundary between two media.
Total internal reflection: Incident angle of light is more than the critical angle, light reflects internally.
Critical angle: Angle of incidence at which the refracted ray travels along the boundary between the two media.

Physics F4F5 Optics (Page 3)

Optical center: Point on a lens through which light passes without deviation.
Principle axis: Line passing through the optical centre and perpendicular to the principal plane of a lens.
Focal point: Point where light rays converge after passing through a lens
Object distance: Distance from the optical centre to an object.
Image distance: Distance from the optical centre to an image.
Focal length: Distance between the focal point and the optical centre of a lens.
Linear magnification: ratio of image height to object height.
Principal axis: Line passing through the center of curvature and pole of the spherical mirror.
Center of curvature (C): Center of the sphere from which the spherical mirror is a part.
Radius of curvature (r): Radius of that sphere.
Focal point (F): Point on the principle axis where parallel rays converge or appear to diverge after reflection from a mirror.
Object distance (u): Distance between the object and pole of the mirror.
Image distance (v): Distance between the image and pole of the mirror.
Focal length (f): Distance between the focal point and the pole of the mirror.

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Dive into fundamental concepts in physics with this quiz covering essential definitions and terms. Test your understanding of physical quantities, motion types, and Newton's laws. Ideal for students of Physics in grades F4 and F5.