World History Civilizations PDF

Chinese Civilization - They invented flying machines, kites, and lanterns - Their mathematics includes the base ten number system and abacus. - Their early script contains 80,000 characters - They developed seismological detectors called seismoscope. - Confucious is an influential Chinese philosophe...

Chinese Civilization - They invented flying machines, kites, and lanterns - Their mathematics includes the base ten number system and abacus. - Their early script contains 80,000 characters - They developed seismological detectors called seismoscope. - Confucious is an influential Chinese philosopher ✓ He said that family is the bases of ideal government ✓ Man must have a virtue ✓ Confucious Analects provide rules for thinking and living that focus on love for humanity. ✓ His social philosophy was based on the principle of "ren" or loving others ✓ His golden rule was "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." Indus-Hindu Civilization - They have public wells with a regular supply of water. - Has public and private baths. - They discovered lunar and solar eclipses and propounded the Heliocentric Theory of Gravitation. - Jantar Mantar is one of six major observatories built by Maharajah ✓ Follows the movement of the Sun and Moon ✓ Determine auspicious dates for events ✓ Map out position of the stars Japan - JAXA or Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - Japan Nuclear Power started in 1973 Persian - Persia is a former name of Iran - Has the oldest and richest cultural heritage in world history - Qanat is a water management system ✓ Used for drinking and agricultural water for irrigation. - Inventors of the first battery. - Persian Rugs is the vital part of the Persian Culture - Nas'taliq is the most beautiful Persian Calligraphy Style. - Domes were an important part of their building Arabic - They invent astrolabe (to observe stars), water wheel, water irrigation, pendulum, water clock, etc. - They made the Great Mosque of Damascus. - Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khawaarizmi is an Islamic Mathematician ✓ He presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. ✓ He introduced the method of reduction and balancing ✓ Father of Algebra ✓ His name rises the terms of algorism and algorithm ✓ He worked on listing the latitudes and longitudes of cities and localities. - Hasan Ibn al-Haytham is an Arab Mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. ✓ Father of Modern Optics ✓ He wrote Book of Optics African - Their oldest stone tool was Australopithecus Afarensis - Homo Erectus begins using fire - Invented astrolabic quadrant - Three types of calendar ✓ Lunar ✓ Solar ✓ Stellar - Hosted the Southern African Large Telescope - Manufactured glass and glass beads - They produced coins - Used opium to relieve pain - Garlic and onions relieve asthma symptoms - Tetracycline was being used to treat infection - Developed vaccine against yellow fever - Ethiopians were the first to discover the energizing effects of the coffee bean plant - Used terrace hillside cultivation to prevent erosion - They weave from Raffia Palm Tree - Dufuna Canoe was discovered in Nigeria - Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest mud brick or adobe building in the world. - Great Pyramid is the tallest man made structure - Egyptian Hieroglyphs is the African's first writing system - When Islam arrives, it became Arabic Alphabet - Low bow strength that compensated with poison-tipped arrows - They use Biological warfare