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Questions and Answers
Which of the following inventions is attributed to Chinese civilization? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following inventions is attributed to Chinese civilization? (Select all that apply)
Confucius believed that family is the basis of an ideal government.
Confucius believed that family is the basis of an ideal government.
True
What is the early Chinese script known for?
What is the early Chinese script known for?
80,000 characters
What type of system does the Qanat represent in Persian civilization?
What type of system does the Qanat represent in Persian civilization?
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Who is considered the father of Algebra?
Who is considered the father of Algebra?
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Match the ancient African innovations with their descriptions:
Match the ancient African innovations with their descriptions:
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Ethiopians were the first to discover the energizing effects of the coffee bean plant.
Ethiopians were the first to discover the energizing effects of the coffee bean plant.
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The three types of calendars used in ancient Africa are lunar, solar, and ______.
The three types of calendars used in ancient Africa are lunar, solar, and ______.
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What is the earliest writing system of Africans?
What is the earliest writing system of Africans?
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Study Notes
Chinese Civilization
- Invented flying machines, kites, and lanterns
- Developed the base ten number system and abacus.
- Developed a script with over 80,000 characters.
- Developed seismological detectors known as seismoscopes.
- Confucius was an influential Chinese philosopher.
- Emphasized the importance of family as the foundation of an ideal government.
- Advocated for the importance of virtue for individuals.
- His teachings, found in the Analects, provide guidance for thinking and living, focusing on love for humanity.
- His social philosophy was based on the principle of "ren," which translates to loving others.
- His golden rule was, "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others."
Indus-Hindu Civilization
- Developed public wells with a regular water supply and public and private baths.
- Discovered lunar and solar eclipses and proposed the Heliocentric Theory of Gravitation.
- The Jantar Mantar, one of six major observatories built by Maharajah, served these purposes:
- Track the movement of the Sun and Moon.
- Determine auspicious dates for events.
- Map out the position of the stars.
Japan
- The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's space agency.
- Japan began utilizing nuclear power in 1973
Persian Civilization
- Persia is the former name of Iran.
- Boasts one of the oldest and richest cultural heritages in the world.
- The Qanat, a water management system, was developed for both drinking and agricultural irrigation.
- Persians invented the first battery.
- Persian rugs hold a significant place in Persian culture.
- Nas'taliq is considered the most beautiful Persian calligraphy style.
- Domes were a crucial part of Persian architecture.
Arabic Civilization
- Made significant contributions to science and technology, including the invention of the astrolabe, water wheel, water irrigation, pendulum, and water clock.
- Constructed the Great Mosque of Damascus.
- Contributions to mathematics by Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khaawarizmi:
- He presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations.
- Introduced the method of reduction and balancing.
- Considered the “Father of Algebra.”
- His name is the origin of the terms "algorism" and "algorithm."
- Worked on cataloging the latitude and longitude of cities and locations.
- Contributions to optics by Hasan Ibn al-Haytham:
- Known as the “Father of Modern Optics.”
- Wrote the "Book of Optics."
Africa
- The oldest stone tool was discovered from the Australopithecus Afarensis.
- Homo Erectus began using fire.
- Invented the astrolabic quadrant.
- Developed three types of calendar:
- Lunar
- Solar
- Stellar
- The Southern African Large Telescope was built in Africa.
- Glass and glass beads were manufactured in Africa.
- Coins were produced in Africa
- Used opium to relieve pain.
- Garlic and onions were leveraged for asthma symptoms.
- Tetracycline was used to treat infections.
- Developed a vaccine against yellow fever.
- Ethiopians were the first to discover the energizing effects of the coffee bean plant.
- Utilized terrace hillside cultivation to prevent soil erosion.
- Wove using raffia palm tree fibers.
- The Dufuna Canoe was discovered in Nigeria.
- The Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest mud brick or adobe building in the world.
- The Great Pyramid is the tallest man-made structure.
- Egyptian hieroglyphs were the first writing system developed in Africa.
- With the arrival of Islam, the Arabic alphabet was adopted.
- Employed low bow strength, counterbalanced with poison-tipped arrows.
- Engaged in biological warfare.
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Description
Explore the significant inventions and philosophies of the Chinese and Indus-Hindu civilizations. Discover how Chinese innovations like flying machines and the base ten number system shaped their culture, alongside Confucius's teachings on virtue and family. Learn about the advancements of the Indus-Hindu civilization, including public baths and astronomical discoveries.