8. Neuro.pptx

Neurologic System Laura Graafland, DNP, MS, AGPCNP-BC, CBCN 7.2024 1 Anatomy Review Frank Rodrigues 2 Central Nervous System Frank Rodrigues...

Neurologic System Laura Graafland, DNP, MS, AGPCNP-BC, CBCN 7.2024 1 Anatomy Review Frank Rodrigues 2 Central Nervous System Frank Rodrigues 3 Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex or Cerebrum Diencephalon Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla Frank Rodrigues Cerebellum Spinal Cord 4  Cerebral Cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Wernicke’s area Broca’s area Frank Rodrigues 5  Central Nervous System – Spinal Cord The spinal cord – Extends from brainstem (medulla) to L1-L2 vertebrae – Contains motor and sensory pathways that exit and enter the cord via anterior and posterior nerve roots and spinal and peripheral nerves – 5 segments: cervical (C1- 8), thoracic (T1-12), Frank Rodrigues Note: Caudalumbar equina at(L1-5), sacral L1-2, where (S1- nerve roots fan 5), coccygeal out like a horse’s tail 6 Pathways of the CNS Frank Rodrigues 7 Major Motor Pathways Corticospinal or Pyramidal Tract Extrapyramidal Tracts Cerebellar system Frank Rodrigues 8 Major Sensory Pathways Spinothalamic Tract Posterior (Dorsal) Column Frank Rodrigues 9 Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Frank Rodrigues Reflex Arc 10 Cranial Nerves 1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Acoustic 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus Frank Rodrigues 11. Spinal Accessory 12. Hypoglossal 11  Spinal Nerves/Dermatomes Peripheral nerves: – 31 pairs of nerves that attach to the spinal cord 8 cervical 2 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal Frank Rodrigues 12  Spinal Nerves Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers and a posterior (dorsal) root containing sensory fibers; the anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short (